Ithambo Pastern: lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti

Yiziphi ithambo pastern? Iyini imisebenzi eziyenzayo? Izimpendulo zale mibuzo kanye neminye kungatholakala esihlokweni. Ibhulashi kuyisabelo distal ka esandleni lwamathambo of esakhiwa amathambo metacarpal, iminwe (phalanges) kanye esihlakaleni.

isakhiwo

Kuyini ithambo pastern? On lombuzo uzokuphendula, kodwa manje ukunquma isakhiwo esihlakaleni. Ngo oyiyo kunamaHlelo abunane amathambo iDemo sithambile ibekwe emigqeni emibili, ezine ngamunye:

• phezulu: ezintathu-nhlangothi zombili, navicular, semilunar, pisiform;
• Lower: capitatum, trapezium, hook emise, ithambo trapezoid.

Ukuphela engezansi we engaba futhi ulna zithobele amathambo carpal yakha esihlakaleni eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokuhlanganyela, okuyinto engenza kuvula zonke izimbazo ezintathu. Amathambo komugqa aphansi enamathiselwe phezulu emathanjeni phezulu, phansi - kuya knuckles metacarpus, futhi nomunye, ukwakha malopovorotlivye amalunga omzimba.

Umugqa olandelayo we amathambo obumba ithambo pastern. Kukhona emihlanu kuphela, inani iminwe. isizinda sabo ixhunywe ithambo esihlakaleni. Kanye amathambo metacarpal, phalanges kukhona amathambo iDemo ijabulise. umunwe ngamunye has phalanges ezintathu: proximal (isizinda), isilinganiso kanye ekupheleni distal noma (nail). Kuphela thumb okuhlukile, njengoba ezakhiwe phalanges ezimbili - nail eziyisisekelo. Phakathi phalanges ngomunwe ngamunye futhi bone metacarpal ezimise ngokuhlanganyela ngezinhlamvu ezihlelwa ngesandla.

ithambo pastern

Bangaki amathambo ayingxenye metacarpal? Siqukethe amathambo ezinhlanu metacarpal cortical. Kukodwa nje wesibili ithambo metacarpal side, futhi emfushane - metacarpal thambo isithupha (kuqala), okuyinto libhekene massiveness yayo.

Enye knuckles ekufezeni komngcele ulnar we ukwehla isandla ubude. ikhanda ngalinye metacarpal lapho, base kanye umzimba. lezisekelo zazo lamukele ngamathambo carpal. Articular ebusweni elisekela futhi metacarpals yesihlanu kukhona kuqala sehhashi ukuma. Ezinye izindaba zika-surface articular uyisicaba. Ngo metacarpals anenhloko, leyehlukile hemispherical articular surface futhi uxhumeke kwi-proximal umunwe amathambo.

imininingwane

Ngakho, siqhubeka sitadisha pastern olwengeziwe. Bangaki amathambo it has? Sesiyazi ukuthi amathambo ezinhlanu metacarpal yakha pastern. Ngu uhlobo basonta iDemo amathambo ijabulise ne epiphysis yangempela kuphela (monoepifizarnye bone). Zibizwa ngokuthi ama-ngokulandelana - I, II, III, nokunye, kusukela umunwe kuqala.

Enisemikhawulweni proximal base II-V amathambo articular babe-facets flat okuyizindawo uxhumano yesibili umugqa esihlakaleni amathambo, nalabo zazo wahlela ohlangothini ngalunye - uxhumano phakathi kwabo. Mina knuckled isisekelo pastern has articular sehhashi ukuma trapezoid prichlenyaetsya emathanjeni carpal, njengoba kungekho side-facets lapha.

Base II ithambo pastern yakha sekhefu ngesimo engela esehlanganise ithambo carpal. Isekelwe V metacarpal iqupha, ngesikhathi ulnar yayo eceleni, has a idolo. Phezu kwamakhanda amathambo metacarpal babe articular evele ayizindunduma ezidingekile kwalapho ngamathambo proximal neminwe. Ezinhlangothini ekhosombeni roughened amakhanda ebonakalayo - izindawo umsipha okunamathiselwe.

ithambo ijabulise

Kuyaziwa ukuthi amathambo amancane ijabulise zihlanganisa amathambo metacarpal phalanges futhi metatarsals. Ukuze amathambo eside ijabulise basonta kunawo wonke fibula futhi tibia, kanye endololwaneni, ehlombe nemisebe eyingozi. Oblong umlenze amathambo akha cishe isigamu sezindela ukukhula komuntu.

Yiziphi amathambo eside? Lokhu trihedral ithambo noma umumo cylindrical kokuba ububanzi ngaphansi kobude. Bamiswa emikhawulweni epiphyses, embozwe hyaline articular uqwanga, futhi sikhule ikakhulukazi ngenxa ukwanda ubude umzimba (diaphysis). Phakathi diaphysis futhi metaphysis epiphyses afakwe yobuntwana ukuthomba ehlanganisa epiphyseal uqwanga ipuleti.

isakhiwo

Ngakho, wena kakade kangakanani ka ithambo lomuntu (metacarpal) zinengxenye ukuhamba iminwe. Futhi iyini isakhiwo ithambo ijabulise? Ngaphandle kuyahlanganiswa ne periosteum - ungqimba zezicubu zezinzwa. Bone epiphysis emelelwa ikakhulu ithambo cancellous equkethe umnkantsha obomvu, diaphysis - compact ithambo izidakamizwa. Maphakathi kukhona umsele diaphyseal medullary, ugcwele omdala umnkantsha ziphuzi. Le into iqukethe amaseli fat.

ibhulashi

amathambo Metacarpal futhi phalanges kukhona isandla skeleton. Yiziphi amathambo iminwe? Lezi amancane, ibekwe enye ngemva kwenye ne kuphela real amathambo epiphysis (bone mnoepifizarnye). Ziyakwazi ngokuthi phalanges. umunwe ngamunye has phalanges ezintathu: Ngokwesilinganiso, distal futhi proximal. I-thumb ngaphandle, njengoba nje iye phalanges ezimbili kuphela - distal futhi proximal. Kuzo zonke izilwane, kuba ampofu futhi isifinyelele umkhawulo zokukhula kuphela abantu.

Isisekelo proximal articular ithambo uthela umgodi owodwa, okuyinto edingekayo ukuze uxhume ikhanda eliyindilinga okunzima ukulenza. Ngesikhathi lezisekelo we phalanges distal futhi phakathi has kude amabili ayizicaba, i-scallop ahlukaniswe. Basuke exhumene ne izinhloko phalanges medium and proximal, ezimila ngesimo block nge eziyize maphakathi.

Qeda phalanges isicaba futhi maholoholo. Emkhakheni emalungeni interphalangeal futhi metacarpophalangeal kwesandla, lapho imisipha inamathelisiwe, kukhona amathambo sesamoid. Ziyakwazi njalo phezu umunwe kuqala futhi kokuhlukana ngakolunye.

Ball emalungeni ngesandla

Kukhona emabhulashini emalungeni metacarpophalangeal, okuyinto akhiwa elisekela we phalanges proximal namathambo metacarpal amakhanda. Zonke lezi amalunga omzimba abe ezintathu izimbazo Okusizayo perpendicular ujikeleza, azungeze okuyinto kukhona akude futhi adduction, circumduction (ezungezayo), eqondisa futhi eguqa, nokho abe ukuma eyindilinga. Isandiso kanye flexion kungenzeka nganoma 9-100 °, adduction futhi ukuthunjwa - at 45-50 °.

nemisipha Collateral ukuqinisa emalungeni metacarpophalangeal futhi ibekwe nhlangothi zombili kubo. Of entendeni e amaphilisi amalunga omzimba abe umsipha ezengeziwe, ngokuthi entendeni. Le micu iphothene nge Imicu yotshani transverse ezijulile umsipha metacarpal okuyinto kuvimbela kwehlukana metacarpal amakhanda knuckles ngaphandle.

amalunga omzimba flat

Wonke umuntu kumele bazi kangakanani ithambo ingxenye pastern. Futhi kuyini emalungeni carpometacarpal esandleni? Lokhu kuhambisana we distal amathambo carpal Ngokuvumelana lezisekelo metacarpal. Lezi sele alisebenzi futhi abe ukuma flat, lokususa joint carpometacarpal we isithupha. Ngobungako ukunyakaza kubo ingeqi 5-10 °. Lability kulezi amalunga omzimba, kanye phakathi amathambo carpal itholakala nemisipha athuthukiswe kahle.

Amaqoqo ibekwe phezu entendeni yesandla sakho, wenze Palmar apharathasi eqinile umsipha. Yena inamathela amathambo carpal komunye nomunye, kanye emathanjeni metacarpal. Capitatum e apharathasi umsipha kungumongo. It is elikulo iningi emisipheni.

Ezingemuva ibhulashi izinyanda athuthukile buthaka okuningi kuka entendeni. Basuke kuhlanganiswe nomunye futhi izihlakala yakhiwa capsule obukhulu ezimboze emalungeni phakathi kwalawa mathambo ibekwe. Umugqa wesibili amathambo carpal, ngaphezu entendeni futhi emuva, enamathiselwe umsipha njengoba interosseous.

Bone distal isihlakala imigqa emine (II-V) malomanevrenny ithambo pastern maqondana nomunye futhi ngokuqinile exhunywe zibe iyunithi ebalulekile akha lesi main ithambo ethanjeni core. Kule ndaba, bathi ibhalwe njengoba okuqinile ibhulashi isizinda.

ithambo zikanhlangothiningi futhi kumila ithambo kuqala metacarpal yakha joint carpometacarpal shayela lokuqala umunwe. I evele ngokuhlanganyela yilezi ukuma sehhashi. Joint kungenzeka ukunyakaza okunjalo: ukuthumba kanjalo adduction, ukunyakaza reverse (ekuhleleni kabusha) nokuphikiswa (ukuphikiswa) kanye circumduction (ezungezayo).

Isithupha umelene nazo zonke ezinye iminwe, ngakho ivolumu obamba isandla ukunyakaza kakhulu anda. Motility imingcele emalungeni carpometacarpal we isithupha bakha 45-60 ° ukuthunjwa naphezu actuation futhi 35-40 ° ngesikhathi ukunyakaza ukubuya nekuphikisana.