Uhlaka lwamathambo isandla womuntu: isakhiwo. skeleton Human esandleni

Uhlaka lwamathambo isandla womuntu zingahlukaniswa zibe 4 izigaba. Izoni engenhla kuyinto esitho elingenhla. Lezi zihlanganisa scapula futhi clavicle. Okulandelayo kuba langempela ehlombe yokwakheka, t. E. ingxenye humerus. Ingxenye elandelayo kubhekwa ibhodi lemisindo, eyayihlanganisa ulna kanye engaba. Kugcine - amathambo simila. Uhlaka lwamathambo esandleni sobunxele nesibuko isithombe skeleton kwesokudla.

Uhlolojikelele izihloko

Cabanga skeleton isandla ingxenye ngayinye. Clavicle futhi scapula kuhlobene, futhi ingalo yabo engenhla uxhuma joint ibhola. Kodwa hhayi kuphela humerus ihambisana nabo. Bakhonza njengabashumayeli okunamathiselwe amaphuzu sokuba imisipha ukuthi banesibopho ukunyakaza esandleni.

Kube sekulandela ngqo humerus. Ukuze kuxhunywe yonkana engaba indololwane kanye ulna. isihlobo kwakamuva ezithathekayo nomunye. Ngezinye yokuma isandla lapho entendeni ebhekene ukukhungatheka kwangaphakathi, zifana kuya ithambo, kodwa kuyadingeka ukuvula isandla phambili njengoba shift bese aphambana.

Amathambo endoda isakhiwo isandla kuyinto eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo. Siqukethe amathambo 27. Lezi zici zibuye zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu eziningana: esihlakaleni, futhi phalanges pastern, uxhuma interphalangeal amalunga omzimba. Kuyinto yinkimbinkimbi uhlelo futhi ivumela isandla ukuba njengoba okudingeka bashintshashintshe ngayo futhi onekhono. Ungayisebenzisa ukukwenza umsebenzi onzima ne imisebenzi efile, kodwa futhi ikuvumela ukuba enze ukunyakaza esihle eqondile.

Isakhiwo eningiliziwe kwebhande ehlombe

isandla Skeleton e kwebhande ehlombe emelelwa scapula futhi clavicle. Kuyinto esifundeni indawo yabo futhi uxhumano lwe-humerus nehlombe libizwa ekhaya. Nokho, kuyinto anatomically humerus ehlombe, wathi izakhi zimumethe engenhla ibhande emkhawulweni. Kodwa, uma ucabanga amathambo endoda isandla womuntu, isakhiwo kumele ifundwe ngokuhlanganyela kwebhande ehlombe, kakhulu ezithinta ukusebenza.

ehlombe

Lokwela - amathambo flat kusukela emuva. It has simise esingunxantathu nge emaphethelweni engenhla, ezilingene medial futhi emaphethelweni engezansi, engenhla kanye lateral. Ilungiselelwe nge uqweqwe engela lateral we umgodi articular, futhi lapho kukhona khona ezikanye ikhanda scapula etholakala esigabeni esilandelayo se-humerus. ngenhla nje emikhombeni elise entanyeni ikhaba, okuyinto ifana indawo ayisesemikhulu. ingaphakathi Glenoid nayo sizungezwe hillocks - subarticular futhi epiarticular.

Ocean ngokwayo eziningi ebusweni ngilugweda - imbobo podlopatnuyu - endaweni ubambo kusukela thorax. Kodwa phezu emuva has a kabuhlungu emgogodleni egobhoza blade kusukwa ngamakamelo ukuba ekhoneni yangaphandle. Kuzo zombili izinhlangothi emgogodleni isehlane supraspinatus futhi fossa infraspinatus, lapho izicubu inamathelisiwe enamagama afanayo. Lokhu okuphuma phandle e awn engaphezulu ehlombe ehlombe ngokuhlanganyela neseleko ngokuthi acromion. Enye blade ifakwe coracoid, elibheke phambili futhi ekhonza ukuze ukunamathela nemisipha kanye nemisipha.

ingqwababa

ithambo Clavicle kuyinto ijabulise, lwalugobile S emise. Has a evundlile, kuba phezulu ngaphambili ingxenye esifubeni eduze intamo. Sternum ekupheleni medial unamathele sternum, futhi acromion lateral ehlangene scapula. Futhi Mount ezivezwa imisipha nemisipha, okuholela yokubakhona maholoholo phezu phansi, okungukuthi emgqeni futhi tubercle.

Isakhiwo ehlombe

Ngokuhamba ibhande ihlombe amathambo endoda esandleni somuntu samaqanda. Kumiswa ehlombe is yi humerus. Lokhu ithambo ijabulise laphetha esigabeni cross nge ohlangothini engenhla kanye esingunxantathu eduze phansi. Ukuphela phezulu ebekiwe umqhele ekhanda ngesimo nenkabazwe, nozobamba maqondana ukudla. Ekhanda lapho ebusweni articular. Vele ngezanzi ezicacile zomzimba entanyeni amathambo lamachubu ezimbili imisipha okunamathiselwe. Kwangaphandle ebhekene tuberosity enkulu kanye anterior incane. ridge ngamunye uya phansi, kodwa phakathi kwakhe lamachubu babe inkatho for ukudlula umsipha. Indawo encane ithambo liye labizwa ngokuthi entanyeni kuhlinzwa.

Umzimba ngokuthi bone diaphysis. tuberosity Deltoid surface saso eyenzelwe okunamathiselwe imisipha deltoid. A ebusweni ezingemuva lihlotshiswe a furrow we emsipheni osabalalayo eyehlayo kancane Kuvunguza.

Ukuphela distal iyona epiphysis engezansi ithambo. kwakhiwa condyle kanye ebusweni articular Kukhona, lapho ithambo ixhunywe esigabeni esilandelayo. humerus block - ingxenye medial we ngokuhlanganyela ukuthi uxhuma ulna. I lateral ingxenye ukuma eyindilinga - inhloko yabangamashumi condyle - uxhuma engaba. On block izimbobo ezimbili zinikezwa, lapho ikhefu izinqubo we ulna ngesikhathi ukunyakaza uhlangothi, bebizwa izimbobo coronal kanye olecranon. Futhi ukuphela kwezwe kuseduze distal khona epicondyles (ezilingene medial), okuyinto inamathelisiwe nemisipha kanye nemisipha.

Isakhiwo indololwane kanye ugalo lomkhono

I ibhodi lemisindo kuyisabelo esitho kusukela endololwaneni kuya esihlakaleni. Ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke, le ngxenye evame ukubizwa ngokuthi indololwane, kuhlanganise nokusetshenziswa njengoba isilinganiso. Joint indololwane siqukethe ulna futhi engaba ibhodi lemisindo futhi humerus uqobo. izandla Amathambo uMnyango wethule ulna kanye engaba. Basuke zixhunywe ezithathekayo: Ray waba nethuba uphendukisa emhlabeni indololwane ngesandla ukunyakaza. Nale ibhulashi kungaba rotated kufike ku 180º.

ulna

Ulna ifomu trehgranna. Uqweqwe ekupheleni engenhla, it unikezwa nge front trochlear notch lamukele ne humerus. Unqenqema lateral ugongolo uphela tenderloin, okuyinto edingekayo ukuxhuma kwi-ikhanda lesibili ingalo ithambo - uvumelanise. Kuzo zombili izinhlangothi notch trochlear hamba yenhliziyo anterior inqubo ulna posterior. Ngaphansi phambi neseleko has tuberosity for axube imisipha ehlombe. Ekupheleni distal engezansi lokhu ithambo ekhanda. ebusweni Articular ukhonza for ukuhambisana nemikhakha engaba ohlangothini osabalalayo yalo. Futhi inhloko yabangamashumi ulna styloid inqubo inikezwe ngosiko labaqaphi elingemuva.

engaba

Ububanzi wathola ukuqina ekupheleni engezansi, hhayi phezulu, efana endololwaneni. Phezulu iyinhloko engaba, okuyinto ikuvumela ukuba ukuxhuma ehlombe. Ebusweni engenhla ikhanda has a imbobo okuyilona elidingekayo ukuze umuntu kwalapho elitholakala ngesikhathi condyle humerus ikhanda. selilonke Articular kanye onqenqemeni ikhanda ivumela ukuxhuma kwi-ulna. Inhloko is yayizovela, angena entanyeni engaba. Ohlangothini kwangaphakathi entanyeni ngezansi nje tuberosity ivumela yokuqinisa izikhwepha kwemisipha yengalo we umsipha.

Ukuphela engezansi ithambo unikezwa carpal articular ebusweni yokuxhuma uMnyango ibhulashi. Kukhona inqubo styloid, ebhekene phandle, futhi ingaphakathi endololwaneni inqanyulwa, yakhelwe kufanele buhambisane ikhanda abafanele we ulna. Futhi isandla skeleton okwamanje iqukethe Umkhawulo wesikhala interosseous okuvalelwe phakathi imiphetho ebukhali amathambo ibhodi lemisindo.

isandla

skeleton Human esandleni yahlukaniswa esihlakaleni, pasterns nezinzwane ngokwabo. umnyango ngalinye lakhiwa abantu abaphakathi eziningi ezenziwe ngethambo nezenziwe ukuhamba ngokuhlanganyela. Lesi sakhiwo ikuvumela ukuba enze izenzo ezihlukahlukene izandla, deftly futhi ngokushesha ukusebenza ngisho ne ezincane.

isihlakala

Uhlaka lwamathambo esandleni iqala esihlakaleni. Itholakala amathambo ayisishiyagalombili nje, yayincane futhi engaphumi njalo umumo. Lokhu ithambo sithambile. Basuke ahlelwe imigqa emibili. Lapha ukwaba pisiform, ntathu, lunate futhi scaphoid amathambo umugqa owodwa kanti eyesibili hook-up, capitatum, trapezoid futhi zikanhlangothiningi. Umugqa wokuqala iyona proximal articular ebusweni, adingekayo ukuze kuhambisane nemkhakha ithambo osabalalayo. irowu Okwesibili - ngokuhlanganyela distal kuhambisane ukuma yokuqala okungajwayelekile.

Akhiwe izindiza ehlukahlukene, isihlakala amathambo akha okuthiwa esihlakaleni furrow entendeni yesandla futhi ohlangothini emuva imakwe convexity. Kusukela emseleni we imisipha esihlakaleni banesibopho umsebenzi imisipha flexor.

metacarpus

Metacarpus kwakhiwa amathambo ezinhlanu metacarpal. Lokhu amathambo ijabulise, ehlanganisa umzimba, isisekelo kanye ikhanda. skeleton Human esandleni libhekene nesimo omkhulu phakathi isithupha futhi lonke engcono sokuthuthuka, okuyinto kakhulu kwandisa amathuba okuphathwa sezitho zomzimba wakho. Isithupha mufushane, kodwa okukhulu ngaphezulu ithambo. Idayisi idatha lezisekelo uxhumeke kwi-bone esihlakaleni. ebusweni Articular kanti iminwe engaphandle abe ukuma sehhashi, kanti bonke abanye bamele ebusweni articular yohlobo flat. Amabhithi hemispherical articular kobuso ithambo metacarpal ukuxhuma phalanges.

iminwe

Umunwe amathambo akhiwa phalanges ababili noma bebathathu; ezimbili ezenziwe ngowokuqala, kanti bonke abanye - ezintathu. phalanges obuphelele incipha nge okwandisa ibanga ukusuka pastern. ndlela yokuhlasela yokuhlanganisa izihlangu ngasinye siqukethe izingxenye ezintathu: umzimba nge isizinda futhi ikhanda uphela. Phalanx ukuqeda evele articular both qeda, ngenxa isidingo lamathambo articular nge compounds olwengeziwe.

Phakathi ndlela yokuhlasela yokuhlanganisa izihlangu proximal bone metacarpal we big (kuqala) umunwe zikhona amathambo sesamoid, imisipha kufihlwe. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi umuntu isakhiwo isandla: ibhulashi skeleton lungaboniswa nezinye izakhi. amathambo Sesamoid kungase futhi kube sendaweni efanayo ngesikhathi iminwe lesibili nelesihlanu. Lezi zici (kanye izinqubo bone) enamathiselwe imisipha.