Italian umlando Empire. Yini amakoloni labetibambile Italy?

amazwe aseYurophu emva Okutholakele Omkhulu Geographical wafuna kucabangela lizwe siziguqule amakoloni. Sekuyisikhathi eside Italy kube Waphuka, ngemva kokuhlangana ukugcina isithombe yemibuso emikhulu wazama ukuhambisana. Empire Italian yize babethatha ezincane kakhulu endaweni ngaphandle English, kodwa benza umnikelo ekuthuthukiseni leli dolobha.

Ngemva ubunye Italy

ubunye okuphelele Italy laqedwa ngo-1870. Kodwa isimo esisodwa ke kwase kuqala yamemezela obscheitalyanskim ePhalamende engu-10 ngaphambili. Ngo 1860, emhlabeni umbuso Sardinian united Lombardy, Modena, Romagna, Tuscany futhi Parma. Kulezi uthi, plebiscites yayiqhutshwa, kanye labantu uvotela nimunye Sardinia. Ngemva kokufika Giuseppe Garibaldi ukuze Sicily ukuze sokuhlanganiswa kwamazwe Italian wajoyina eMbusweni Sicilies ababili. YoMbuso-Italy ngo-March 1861 kwaba Victor Emmanuel II.

Ukuqedelwa sokugcina ubunye Italy lihlotshaniswa umkhankaso Garibaldi eRoma. Nakuba-United kapapa waba eqinile ukuphendula, upapa wamelana ngokujoyina eRoma e-United Kingdom futhi ukuguqulwa ku inhlokodolobha isimo. Enye isinqamu komhlaba isiNtaliyane, asele ngaphandle inyunyana - Venice. Ngo-September 1870, amasosha oMbuso Italy langena eRoma. Ngo-July ngonyaka olandelayo, uVictor Emmanuel II wamemezela waphakade inhloko-dolobha yase-Italy ibuyiselwa ngokugcwele.

Ukulwela ukukhipha amakoloni

Isimo abasha cishe ngokushesha abathintekayo ekulweni indawo phansi kwelanga. It sekuyinkinga wokulwela ikoloni. Italy kwakudingeka aqinise isikhundla salo sphere ngamazwe.

Lemisebenti wamakoloni yezwe kunemibandela ihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu.

– от начала 80-х годов XIX века до 20-х годов XX века. Isigaba sokuqala - kusukela ekuqaleni 80s kwekhulu XIX kuya ku-20-yalolucwaningo ka XX leminyaka. Vele kwakhiwa isimo eyodwa ukunwetshwa. Imibuthano isinqumo zombuso ekuthatheni amakoloni wabona impande lezinkinga eziningi: izithakazelo emnothweni kazwelonke, ekufezeni udumo phakathi kwamazwe aseYurophu, ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka social ezweni. "Ungubani Mediterranean" isiqubulo likhishiwe njengesisekelo ukuqaliswa mission ukuphucula-Italy ngo-amakoloni. Kwakuthinta bazitshela ukuthi bamakoloni Italian ennoble Afrika, futhi baba abathwali kutati.

– 1922-1943 годы (режим власти Бенито Муссолини). Eyesibili esiteji - iminyaka 1922-1943 (amandla umbuso ka Benito uMussolini). Phakathi sikaNdunankulu yakhe isebenze ubudlova wamakoloni Italy. Kuthathwa insimu uba isisekelo imibono zombuso wamaNazi, kuba imisebenzi okwandile esisebenzayo.

– 1943-1960 годы. Isigaba sesithathu - iminyaka 1943-1960. Uhulumeni uzama bazithole koloni ezilahlekile-Italy. Ekhulwini le-19 Babeyimbangela isiqinisekiso ukwamukelwa wezwe njengenhlangano umlingani alinganayo European Community. Manje liphendulwe imfanelo ebalulekile isimo emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa abantu abenziwe izigqila ngabaseGibithe inesifiso ukuzimela. Ngo-1960, le nqubo decolonization yaqedwa.

impumelelo Aggressive e-Italy esigabeni sokuqala

Ngo esigabeni sokuqala Italy wayefuna ukuba ngahlule Tunisia. Kukhona kakade wahlala umphakathi Italy. Kodwa Tunisia yayinqoba ngo 1881 yi-France. Khona-ke amaNtaliyane waya empumalanga ye-Afrika. Ukuthwebula izithombe nezimbobo ezimbili ezibalulekile - Assab futhi Massana, Rome munye ngaphansi kokubusa izindawo yakhe enkulu. I koloni lokuqala Italy - Eritrea - kwamiswa 1890 (i-wadla kwenziwe 1885). izindawo Isihloko yaphenduka siphephelo ukukhuthazwa amaNtaliyane ngo-Abyssinia. Ngo-1889, umbusi walo uMenelik II neyaziwayo amandla Italy.

1889 waletha enye wokwengeza indawo - Benazir. Bamakoloni waqala Ukungena e Somalia. Ngo-1908, izifundazwe ezintathu (Obbiya, Midzhurtini futhi Benadir) ikoloni Somalia kwamiswa. Ngo-1925-ke ngaba Jubaland.

Ngo 1911-1912, waphula isithembiso Italo-Turkish neMpi. ERoma wasuka ezweni Tripolitania futhi Kerenaiki naseziqhingini Dodecanese. Ngo-1934, izifunda ezimbili zokuqala kwakhiwa Libya. Dodekanessy, ugcwale amaGreki, kuze 1919 wahlala endaweni Eshubile phakathi eGreece nase-Italy. Ngokusho iSivumelwano Sèvres, they hamba eRoma (esiqhingini Italian waziwa). izwe Rapallo ngo-1922 esethole Italy South Tyrol futhi Istria.

Imisebenzi kukaMussolini esigabeni sesibili

Ukuqalisa sonya uMussolini iza phezulu 30s. Ngo-1934, lapho elungiselela ekuthatheni Abyssinia. Bethethelela ayehlasela yayo ekulweni ngobugqila walondoloza kuleli zwe, Italy kwenza Ethiopia leli koloni ngo-1935. inkosi Italy i nokuqeda ubugqila wamemezela imithetho emibili (ngo-Okthoba 1935 futhi ngo-Ephreli 1936). Abyssinians wathola ukukhululwa eminyaka lobugqila.

Ngo-1936 uhulumeni wase-Italy wakha omusha-koloni - ziba Italian eMpumalanga Afrika njengengxenye Eritrea, Somalia neTopiya. ikoloni Afrika Italy langena isimo esisodwa.

Ngo-1939, emehlweni amaNtaliyane ithunyelwa Albania European. Live lelincane ayikwazi ukumelana umshini impi yase-Italy futhi kuncike eRoma.

Nokwahlukana Italian Empire wamakoloni ngo esigabeni sesithathu

Ukunqotshwa eMpini Yezwe II Bloc undlovukayiphikiswa, lapho kwaba Italy, okwaholela ekubhujisweni Izwe elaliphethe ikoloni laseRoma. Ngo-1943 uMussolini liketulwa esikhundleni sakhe njengoba umholi wangempela wezwe. Empire Italian ame endleleni umzabalazo wokulwa bamakoloni. iziqhingi Dodecanese bathunyelwa IGrisi okukhulunywa ngayo ngonyaka 1947. Ethiopia usezuze ukuzimela yayihlasela futhi yayinqoba i-Eritrea. Esaba ukuqinisa amaKhomanisi e-Italy, amabutho wamaNgisi namaMelika wavuma ukuhamba ngaphansi kwegunya waseSomalia eRoma. Ngo-1951, Libya unikwe ukuzimela. Ngo-1960, i-wabahlali Italian Somalia siphelelwe yisikhathi, futhi izwe wathola sovereignty othenjisiwe. Italian elaliphethe ikoloni sesinyamalele ibalazwe sezwe sezombangazwe, Italy ilahlekelwe simo sayo njengemholi umholi iMedithera.

Uhlu amakoloni emazweni Italy

Esikhathini ukuzithoba wamakoloni-Italy kwakungamadodana amazwe ase-Afrika, indawo eYurophu nase-Asia. amazwe aseYurophu zanqotshwa uhulumeni kukaMussolini neyaziwayo igunya ezweni like Italy. zamazwe ayengaphansi eYurophu - iyona Ionian Islands kanye Dodecanese, eDalmathiya futhi neCorfu futhi Albania. E-Asia, e-Italy wahlaselwa Isifundazwe Tianjin, manje ingxenye China.

Isikhathi eside kudingeka uhlu lokho Italy wamakoloni eyayise-Afrika. uhulumeni wase-Italy, ashaqe sifundazwe ukuba babe nobunye futhi ukudala isimo inhlangano enkulu. Italian eNyakatho Afrika ngo-1934, baba ngabantu ngokuthi Libya. Lalihlanganisa Tripolitania, Fezzan, futhi Cyrenaica. Italian East Africa lalinabashumayeli Ethiopia (Abyssinia ngokuthi ngo-1936-ke), Eritrea neSomalia.