Isonto Clement, uPapa: incazelo, umlando kanye ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

Ngemva Okthoba ngo-1917, eziningi zasendulo amasonto eMoscow abangu ngeshwa ubhujiswe. Nokho, ezinye izakhiwo zenkolo cishe ngesimangaliso, kodwa bonke basinda. Kuyinto omunye wabo kanye neBandla Clement, uPapa, manje okhonza emgwaqeni. Pyatnitskaya. Izici lelithempeli wasendulo ngempela engajwayelekile Orthodox izakhiwo zesonto futhi umhlobiso. Ngenye indlela, isonto ubizwa nangokuthi ibandla labaseTheselonika isimo.

Minin futhi Pozharsky

Isikhathi esiqondile kokwakhiwa kwethempeli Clement mlando, ngeshwa, akwaziwa. Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala Kulelibandla kutholakala encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla, iyalandisa kwezinhloko zamaviyo impi ka Minin futhi Pozharsky ne nabasePoland, kukhona Agasti 24 1612 amabutho ke Russian Cossack iphinde ithunjwe Chodkiewicz leli thempeli futhi ejele eyayiseduze kwaleyo, ngaleyo yokwephula ukulungiswa izinhlelo Hetman ukuba ngokuthatha eMoscow ezibiyele .

Ithempeli phambi inguquko

Ngokusho umlando, ngesikhathi lesi sakhiwo kwaba ohluke kakhulu. Yakhiwa, njengabanye amasonto amaningi e Moscow, ezenziwe ngokhuni. Nokho, eminyakeni engu-40 ngemva Battle of the Church Clement, uPapa lawuguqula ngokuphelele. Endaweni zezakhiwo ezindala zamapulangwe yakhiwa ngamatshe. Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala sethempeli elisha kungokwalabo 1657. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVIII ibandla kabusha ngokuphelele. Eduze kwalo ezakhiwa Refectory futhi isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi ne aisles ezimbili. Abakhi yesonto abasha baqala ukuya mhlawumbe A. Evlashev noma K. elingenalutho.

Esikhathini maphakathi nekhulu XVIII. esontweni waphinda sesimeni umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo global. Umqulu eyinhloko esakhiweni esidala ladilizwa futhi ngo-1769 abakhi kuphelile ukwakhiwa emihlanu oluyingungu isonto yezobuciko. Mina ngokwezimali ukuvuselelwa eMoscow yomthengisi zezentengiselwano mina Matveev. Ukuhlela ukwakheka kwaba okuthiwa i-Italian, Pietro Antonio Trezzini. Kuyinto kuleli fomu yesonto beza namuhla.

Ithempeli emva kwempi

Isinqumo ukuvala Clement Church, upapa, iziphathimandla Pyatnitskaya eMoscow senziwa ngo-1929. Indlela atjela abapristi ukuhlakaza abathembekile safika ngoLwesihlanu Good. Besonto kungukuthi ngisho bavunyelwe ama-Easter. Archpriest Mikhail Galunov kuchazwa kulesi sikhundla ngo-1925, futhi kuye kwafeza lukhulu wokubuyiselwa isonto, wayiswa NKVD. Emakamu esikhathini esizayo, + wayeneminyaka engaba 10 ubudala.

Ngo-1934, ibandla singenamuntu Clement Pyatnitskaya, kwanqunywa ukuba abhubhise. Izakhamuzi lwezindlu zomakhelwane ukubhala lesi sicelo emagunyeni. Kuyo bathi bacela at ebaleni lokudlala izingane indawo kwethempeli. Nokho, ibandla wema restorers Igor Grabar noPetru Baranowski, ngubani isixwayiso kwasindisa izinkulungwane ezinsukwini zezakhiwo zenkolo zasendulo. ROC namuhla libiza lezi zizincishe injabulo futhi ehlonipha kakhulu, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi base nabangakholwa.

Umlando Clement Church, upapa: Managing

Njengoba kwakunjalo Eqinisweni, akekho owaziyo ngempela. Kodwa insindiso iSonto Clement Pyatnitskaya kukhona ngempela nganekwane ezithakazelisayo. Kukholakala ukuthi Baranovsky futhi Grabar angithinta Kliment Voroshilov. Phela, leli Soviet kumlawuli wamabutho sezombusazwe njengoba ingane wabhapathizwa behlonipha Saint uPapa. Ngokusho amahlebezi, ngomyalo Voroshilov ngo-1934, Pyatnitskaya isonto alethwe uhlelo lokuqala eliphelele imisebenzi kukaLenin ezavela nje isikhathi. Ithempeli ngokushesha wakha Racks omkhulu futhi ziphoqelelwe ukuba izincwadi, kubandakanya imisebenzi umholi wamavukelambuso. Okungukuthi, kwakukhona umtapo esungulwe ngokuphuthuma.

Ubani ngizele ukuchitha ukudilizwa ethempelini Lezitaki abasebenzi ezisengozini ushayele NKVD ka ukuketula. Ukubona ncwadi kukaLenin emashalofini, kuthiwa, ngokusho legend, umhlalaphansi.

Ngakho, sibonga lokulabhela restorers ezimbili, ibandla Clement, uPapa, phakathi neminyaka engu-Soviet, cishe akazange ahlupheke. Kuze kube manje liye lalondolozwa cishe njengoba yayinjalo.

Clement exhunywe nebandla, futhi elinye iqiniso kunalokho ezithakazelisayo. Abapristi bathi bakhonza isigwebo seminyaka eyishumi, Archpriest Mikhail Galunov ngemva kokukhululwa isikhathi eside nomkakhe ngasese, wayephila esikhathini belfry yesonto. Kukholakala ukuthi lona liye laba yitshe kungenzeka ngenxa yokuthi umtapo, ihlelwe isonto, amakholwa wasebenza yezincwadi.

Isimo esontweni ekuqaleni kule nkulungwane entsha yeminyaka

isonto batshabalalisa Clement, uPapa (isimo koMsindisi), e Moscow ku 30s, njengabanye abaningi, naye akazange. Nokho, ukunakekela okukhethekile ngokuzayo, yebo, lapho kungekho muntu onaka. Ngo-2002, umtapo uye besebenza ethempelini, kodwa wayesesendaweni usesimweni esibi. Iningi amawindi lesi sakhiwo wayengumJuda olahlekile, nophahla oputshukile.

sokubuyiselwa yesonto

Okokuqala ukuze balungise ukucabanga isonto Yiqiniso, amakholwa. imali yabo encane eyakhiwa kabusha. Ukugcina isakhiwo into yokuqala nginqume ophahleni. Ukuvuza kumisiwe. Amakholwa futhi wanakekela amawindi kakhulu. Ukuvuleka abangu ufakwa ingilazi. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, abefundisi kuphumelele ekuheheni ukunakekela isimo izikhulu zethempeli. Ngo-2008, ngokusho Luzhkov, isakhiwo yanikwa Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia. Izincwadi lakhishwa ke. Ngo-2014, ukubuyiselwa yeSonto St Clement yacishe isiqedile. Thina ngokwezimali kabusha lokhu kubalulekile ekuphileni okungokomoya ukwakhiwa eMoscow iziphathimandla wezwe.

Izibuyekezo weSonto Clement, uPapa

Yiqiniso, ngemva kokutholakala futhi ithempeli lizovuselelwa eminyakeni embalwa wavakashelwa eziningi ethembekileyo abathandi yomlando. Izibuyekezo umsebenzi kwenziwe khona, kukhona okuhle kuphela. Kubukeka isonto ibhekwa besonto abaningi, nje omkhulu. I Interiors of engavamile yayo, kodwa Tune wayefisa fashion ikholwa kahle. Izibuyekezo Excellent, lelibandla lifanelwe nokuthi eduze kwalo kukhona engadini yomphakathi okumsulwa. Lapha ungakwazi uhlale emthunzini, ukuphumula lapho akhona ngiphefumula umoya eMoscow ubudala.

Ngubani St Clement

Empeleni umxhasi esontweni owayehlala eRoma ngesikhathi kaKristu futhi umphostoli uPetru. Abazali St. Clement ngokuthi Faustus futhi Matfidiey. Bobabili babedabuka zasebukhosini isihlobo kombusi waseRoma. Ngaphezu Clement, babenezingane ezimbili - twins futhi Favstin Favstinian. abazali St Ukholo luka banamathela yobuqaba.

Kwenzeka isimanga ngoba ngenxa Umuntu omubi isinyathelo le umkhaya omkhulu udidekile. Kwaphela isikhathi eside, amalungu aso babekholelwa nomunye efile. Bathi nje waphinde wahlangana iminyaka 24 emva ngokuhlukana ngenxa uPetru. Twins noClement, ngokuzimela, bakholwa Kristu futhi basilandela lesi ongcwele.

Umphostoli Ubusisiwe watshela abantu abaningi izindaba edabukisayo ekuphileni kwabo. Sakwenza lokho noClement futhi Matfidiya. Peter ngengozi wahlangana inxiba yakhe emnyango ingenye yamadolobha lapho sekudlule. Eqaphela ukuthi owesifazane nabafundi bakhe ukuza indodana nomunye nonina, umPhostoli wahlela umhlangano wabo. Kule ndaba kwamjabulisa ukufunda abalandeli abaningi kaPetru, kuhlanganise twins futhi Favstin Favstinian. Yiqiniso, masinyane baqonde ukuthi kukhona Clement futhi Matfidiya, futhi washesha ukuba babahlangabeze.

Kodwa izimangaliso aziphelelanga lapho. Matfidiya Happy bakholelwa ukuthi izingane ukuthole wasiza Kristu uqobo, wabuza uPetru ukuze ambhapathize. Kodwa mayelana emcimbini oluzayo emzini wakhe wezwa ngezinkanyezi ubudala. Ososayensi baye baqala ukuncenga uPetru ukuba ngibhapathize owesifazane, ngoba akukho uNkulunkulu ezulwini, akukho. Futhi ngisho noma-ke, ngamazwi ixhegu, ubengeke avumele kokushona komkayo nezingane iminyaka eminingi. Ngemva kokuzwa indaba ngezinkanyezi, uPetru wayeqaphela ukuthi ubhekene umyeni Matfidii futhi ubaba wabantwana abathathu, abafundi bakhe. Ngakho ekugcineni umndeni wahlangana.

Kungani ebizwa ngokuthi uPapa ongcwele

Ithempeli Engcwele Martyr, uClement uPapa waseRoma, lakhiwa yokudumisa saint Yiqiniso, hhayi ngenxa sihlangane ngokuyisimangaliso nomkhaya wakhe, futhi abasenkumbulweni yezenzo zakhe. abazali Bebhekene Clement wabuyela eRoma abangu yithela izipho zonke izinhlobo izinzuzo base umzala bajabula - lombusi waseRoma. Yiqiniso, Matfidiya futhi Faustus waqala ngenkuthalo ukushumayela inkolo entsha. Ngemva kokufa, kunjalo baqhubeka Clement. Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe, umshumayeli evame ukushushiswa futhi ekugcineni waminza olwandle ka namaqaba.

Namuhla, ibandla St Clement omthanda kakhulu ekholelwa ukuthi wayengumholi ngowokuqala ubuKristu phakathi kwamadoda asebukhosini wamaRoma. Phambi kwakhe, le nkolo ikholo abampofu. indoda ukuthi mihle kangakanani, Clement wabhapathizwa eziningi Roma ocebile. Ngenxa yalokho, ubuKristu baba inkolo kuhlanganise emnyangweni wezempi futhi izakhamuzi ohlonishwa kakhulu. Yingakho abapristi, kuhlanganise Orthodox, njengosongo uliqhawe ukugqoka isihloko uPapa kuqala doraskolnogo.

Izici izakhiwo

Ngaphandle, iSonto Clement, uPapa, ubukeka engavamile kakhulu. Kubonakala sengathi lesi sakhiwo akuyona cishe sesonto lobu-Orthodox, futhi yamaKatolika. Nesimo sesakhiwo esikhulu lesi sitayela isakhiwo liseduze kakhulu eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Nokho, ngokuyisisekelo sangaphakathi kwethempeli Orthodox, ngokuvumelana nabapristi bakhe, agcinwe ngokuphelele.

The ingaphakathi umhlobiso

UPapa Interiors ethempelini futhi engajwayelekile Orthodox izakhiwo zenkolo Rococo. Ingaphakathi ke kancane like engumKatolika. Nokho, ngokungafani kuya amasonto Western, iSonto St Clement Awekho izithombe chimeras kanye izilo. Abapristi bobu-Orthodox bakholwe yobukhona babo ekuklanyweni inkomba esontweni lamaKatolika ukukhukhuleka okholweni lweqiniso.

Yiqiniso, ngesisekelo umhlobiso sangaphakathi zasethempelini zimi phambi imifanekiso. izithombe Old esontweni Clement abasinda ezinhlanu. I ohlonishwayo kakhulu kulesi simo iyona eyayibusa Isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu. Lesi sithombe ubhekwa ngisho kudala kunesikhathi labawatfolile esifundvweni nobe Kolomenskoye esasetshenziswa kanye phakathi abdication Nicholas II.

Idale isithonjana, kanye nezinye ezine, amakhosi Italy. Kuqhathaniswa Orthodox bendabuko, lezi zithombe bheka esingavamile ngempela. Ebandleni, kukhona ngisho isithombe St Catherine, esinikela hhayi yena, futhi Umbusikazi uCatherine II. kwenkululeko ezinjalo ngezinye izikhathi zavumela abadwebi kwekhulu XVIII. Ibandla yesimanje akakwamukeli. Noma kunjalo isithonjana ihlobisa izindonga zethempeli, ulubheke noma ubani angazenza.

Indlela yokuthola ethempelini

Clement ukufinyelela isonto, uPapa, abangu ayisebenzi eMoscow. It ikhona okulungile enkabeni yedolobha, kusayithi ayengaphansi isiphetho Cossack. Kungenzeka uthole esitimeleni. Lelibandla itholakala iziteshi ngqo phakathi ezimbili ezinkulu - "Tretyakov" futhi "Kuznetsk" - futhi kuthatha cishe yonke kwindlela Clement. Ikheli ngqo yebandla: Ul. Pjatnitskaja, d. 26, k. 1.

isonto Clement e Pskov nakwamanye amadolobha

Yiqiniso, yokudumisa saint ohlonishwayo uyithempeli hhayi oyedwa kuphela okumelwe Pyatnitskaya eyakhelwe eRussia. Kukhona ezinye amasonto kanye nakwamanye amadolobha aseRussia. Vakashela ibandla St kungaba, isibonelo, Pskov. Clement Church, upapa, emzini esisogwini Olginskaya yashayisa unqenqema, d. 16.

Yakhelwe leli thempeli futhi Veliky Novgorod. Ungayithola kuleli kheli elilandelayo: ul. Kakhulu e-Moscow, 36. Enye isonto edolobhaneni St izenzo. Kostyurin Yaroslavl esifundeni.