Uyini esikoleni Shafi'i?

Islam njengenkolo kula mashumi eminyaka amuva abe yisisulu kokuhlolisisa close by amaSulumane hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi abameleli bezinye izinkolo. Lokhu lula yi-kwezombangazwe zembulunga yonke isimo, izincwadi kanye cinema. Sitshele kafushane mayelana Islam okungukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuba aphumelele, kodwa kungenzeka ukuba isifundo bamahlelo sokuqala amaziyo - zenkolo futhi zomthetho izikole. Omunye ethandwa kakhulu emhlabeni, futhi ikakhulukazi eRussia, - Esikoleni Shafi'i. Ngubani umsunguli wayo nalokho elikumelelayo?

ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana Islam

Islam - ingenye izinkolo zezwe ezintathu monotheistic, okuyinto yasungulwa ngekhulu VII. Umsunguli kwaba the Prophet Muhammad. Ngokusho yetinsita wayengowozalo luka kaIshmayeli umprofethi, ngubani noyise Ibrahim eyakhelwe endaweni manje ebizwa ngokuthi Kaaba Mecca - shrine zomhlaba Muslim. Isici ezithakazelisayo waleli dolobha itholakala lokuthi ukuthi amaSulumane kuphela avunyelwe ku insimu yalo. Islam, naphezu kwalezi zinguquko eziningi zomlando womhlaba, wahlala cishe beqinile, sibonga yokuthi imithombo eyinhloko yenkolo - Qur'an kanye Sunnah - kubhalwe ngesi-Arabhu.

Uyini esikoleni Shafi'i?

Ngo Islam, madhhab ukuqonda esikoleni zenkolo-zomthetho, esekelwe kuvisisa imam imibhalo engcwele Qur'an and Sunnah. Ekuqaleni ukwakheka izikole ngokomthetho Islamic babe ngamakhulu izikole yokucabanga, kodwa amane kabanzi - Hanbali, Maliki, Shafi'i kanye Hanafi.
Okwamanje, isikole Shafi'i - kwesinye sezikole ezivamile, kodwa abaningi kakhulu abalandeli bawo ukuba baphile eSiriya nasePalestina, eLebanoni, Jordan, Egypt, Malaysia, Indonesia, India, Pakistan, Iraq ne eCaucasus. Njengoba ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi Sunni Shafi'i lokukholisa uhlala Yemen nase-Iran.

Imam Ash-Shafi'i: Biography

Umsunguli Esikoleni Shafi'i zomthetho kwaba Imam Al-Shafi'i - inzalo umndeni of the Prophet Muhammad. Leli qiniso livamile ukukhuluma ngazo hadith, futhi njengoba ubufakazi, ungacacisa Ubuhlobo phakathi kwabazali ka Ali Ibn Abu Talib nonina Imam. Yazalwa ngo-Gaza, kodwa ngemva kokufa kukayise, isencane isakhasa, unina uthuthwa naseMecca, nomndeni kayise. Idolobhana uye waba nomthelela obalulekile lasungulwa njengoba isazi semfundiso yenkolo, njengoba nje naye engumlingisi phakathi ochwepheshe Fiqh, Hadith and Arabhu.

Ukuze sijulise ulwazi eminyakeni engu-20 wathuthela Medina lapho afunda butholakala enqubweni eyinkimbinkimbi yokuthela ulimi Arabic futhi Maliki Fiqh. Wakhe uthisha Malik Ibn Anas - umdali Maliki isikole zenkolo umthetho. Ngo 796, uthisha wakhe wafa, imam wabuya eMecca, lapho wamiswa yijaji e Najran (Saudi Arabia) ukuze. Kodwa kamuva wabekwa aboshelwe amacala amanga futhi wadedelwa ngokusebenzisa lokulabhela the Lijaji Lelikhulu Baghdad Al-Shaibani, umfundi yangaphambili Abu Hanifa. Ngemva kokutadisha Hanafi madhhab, uye wahlakulela yayo, elihlanganisa izisekelo Maliki futhi Hanafi izikole. Shafi'i yakhe esikoleni kwakuqala ukwanda.

Ngemva kokuthuthela e-Egypt, wenza izinguquko emibhalweni yakhe futhi fatwas njengoba bajwayelane ekuseni ifa zenkolo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, umsebenzi Al-Shafi'i sehlukaniswe ekuseni khulu, ngemuva kwesikhathi, okuholela izingxabano esebenzisa madhhab.

izici ezivamile mazhabs

Zonke amahlelo ezifanayo Imininingwane base - Quran and Sunnah (Hadith iqoqo - izindaba ezivela empilweni Prophet Muhammad), ngakho-ke wabelana ezinye izici ezivamile:

• Shahada - ifomula, futhi ngemva kokusho ukuthi umuntu eba Muslim. Lenza kanje: "Ngibeka ubufakazi bami ukuthi akakho ofanelwe ukukhulekelwa ngaphandle Allah ngifakaza ukuthi Muhammad - isigqila sakhe futhi isithunywa.".
• Ukuthandaza namaz - imithandazo emihlanu-isikhathi.
• Ukuzila Ukudla nenyanga ka-Ramadan kuhilela ukwenqaba ukudla, amanzi, ukubhema kanye nobulili phakathi nosuku. Kuyinto ngesimo, njengoba senzelwe ukuqeqeshwa lwabo. nafs (izifiso kanye nemizwelo emibi esingokwemvelo imimoya emibi). Ngakho amaSulumane bazimisele ukufeza injabulo kaNkulunkulu.
• Ukukhokhwa Zakat - yaminyaka yonke intela Muslim yokusekela abampofu.
• Hajj - pilgrimage naseMecca, Kaaba 1 once in a esaphila. Omunye izimfanelo - kungenzeka impahla ngokwenza uhambo.

izici esasenza Shafi'i madhhab

Naphezu ubuqiniso izinsika, abasunguli izikole yokucabanga kanye nabalandeli babo kuze kube manje ziphikisana ekutheni ukugcinwa namasiko enkolo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinsika Islam ebekiwe Incwadi Engcwele, futhi abulawe yabo kupela e Sunnah, kanti ezinye izindaba ezivela empilweni lo mprofethi ukuba ezinye izazi zemfundiso yenkolo akwazi ukuxoxa, kuyilapho abanye - cha. Ngakho, kukhona umehluko phakathi mazhabs. Njengoba isikole Shafi'i kusekelwe esikoleni umthetho Abu Hanifa, ikakhulukazi, kufanele ucabangele umehluko phakathi Hanafi zoFakazi Shafi'i:

• Ekwenzeni iziqondiso ezingokomthetho Qur'an and Sunnah kukhona phansi ngolwazi indima efanayo nokubaluleka. Kodwa uma ezinye ephambene hadith, kuthatha iqhaza eliphambili Quran kanye hadith kubhekwa ababuthakathaka. Inani elihle kukhona Hadiths babangane yomprofethi futhi omoya olulodwa.
• Ijma ihlukaniswe 2 izigaba: Izixazululo ezesekelwe oqondile olusobala ukungqubuzana isAmbulo nezinqumo ukuthi impikiswano futhi inkani isisekelo.
• Lapho kwemibono okungukuthi akukho likhetha Ngala mazwi kwelinye.
• Qiyas, noma ukucabanga by Isifaniso of izimo ezichazwe Qur'an noma Sunnah. Nale ndlela, akukho ukukhetha lokungafani Kiyasov iyiphi inkolo postulate kanye nokugcina intshisekelo ngokuhambisana yezinjongo eziyinhloko Shariah.

Ukuthandaza namaz. zangasese

Ukuthandaza namaz ku esikoleni Shafi'i - imfuneko abesilisa nabesifazane zeminyaka 14-15, ngengqondo nokuba msulwa isiko. Ngakho, kukhona ibhathi - imfuneko ukugcwaliseka imithandazo. Kuyinto ephelele (ghusl) nabancane (voodoo). Voodoo-okugeza ku Esikoleni Shafi'i uye okulandelayo ukuze:

• Niyat (inhloso) ukuthandaza ngenxa Allah. Ngokwesibonelo: "Mina uhlose kwenta Fard (Sunnat) umthandazo Fajr ngenxa Allah."
• Ukuhlamba ubuso kufanele uqale kusukela ebunzini bese uqhubeke ngasemngceleni, lapho hairline iqala. Uma ubuso has a ngesilevu noma amadevu, okuyinto kungabonwa ngesikhumba, kumele kube manzi ngokuphelele, amanzi wathinta isikhumba.
• Ukuhlamba izandla nge izindololwane. Uma izinzipho noma okungezansi upende noma ukungcola, khona-ke isidingo uthole ukuhlukana kwabo, ukuze amanzi ifikile ngaphansi kwabo.
• Ukusula ikhanda kufanele wenziwe ngezinto isandla ofakwe kusukela ekuqaleni hairline at emabunzini nape entanyeni kuya. Uma izinwele akuyona, kuyobe sekudingeka ukwenze lokho ukuhlanza isikhumba.
• Lapho izinyawo zakho nasemaqakaleni amanzi awe phakathi kweminwe, izinzipho, futhi uma kukhona amanxeba kanye imifantu kubo.

Zangasese kubhekwa esamukelekile uma kwenziwa ngale ndlela.

Ghusl - zangasese izimisele ngemva sexual, ejaculation, kokuya esikhathini ukopha futhi ejwayelekile. I-oda Ghusl:

• Yenza Niyat ekwenzeni ghusl bese uthi "Bismillah".
• Geza izandla zabo futhi ugeze umthondo.
• Yenza zangasese, ugeze umlomo wakho kanye nekhala.
• Kathathu uthele amanzi bese uxubha ikhanda lakho, khona kanye emahlombe kwesokunxele. On kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba ukuya isandla ukuze ahlale kunoma yiziphi izindawo ezingahlanjiwe, kuhlanganise amavesi indlebe nasenkabeni.

Imibandela lokuthandaza, ufunde ngabantu

Imibandela eziyinhloko umthandazo okufanayo abesilisa nabesifazane, kodwa kukhona ezinye umehluko umkhuba, okuyinto kuvela uhlobo abesilisa nabesifazane kanye nendima yabo Islam. Ngakho, kube ngomthandazo:

• ukumboza awrah kusukela inkaba emadolweni;
• e okhalweni akhothamela phansi akudingeki ukuba uthinte kwamathanga nasesiswini ukushiya izindololwane zakho eziningi ngaphandle;
• ngesikhathi imithandazo Sunnah, amadoda angafunda ngokuzwakalayo suras kanye duo;
• e Jamaat namaz Kumelwe ume eduze Imam;
• phakathi nomthandazo kumelwe ume ngemuva imam;
• hlabelela adhan futhi ikamat e-Sunnah imithandazo.

Imibandela lokuthandaza, ufunde ngabantu besifazane

Umthandazo esikoleni Shafi'i kwabesifazane has izici ezilandelayo:

• Wonke umzimba kumele embozwe okuxekethile esinamathelayo izingubo, ngaphandle ubuso nezandla.
• Ngo okhalweni bakhothamele kufanele kube eduze ngangokunokwenzeka ukugcina esiswini emathangazini futhi izindololwane - emzimbeni.
• Phakathi Sunnah imithandazo, abakwazi ukufunda suras kanye duo ngokuzwakalayo uma izwi zezwa ongaziwa indoda.
• I Jamaat namaz abesifazane kumele ame Imam ngangokunokwenzeka.
• I namaz nge imam zesifazane ahlelwe umugqa owodwa ngakwesokudla futhi izinhlangothi kwesokunxele, kodwa eminye kangako nezinzwani zakhe kwakungamashumi hhayi ngendlela efanayo iminwe Imam.
• I namaz oyisibopho ngokungabi bikho amadoda angaphandle hlabelela ikamat.
• Sunnah namaz kungekho adhan noma ikamat hhayi libizwa.

Tarawih-namaz

Tarawih-namaz ku esikoleni Shafi'i ubhekwa njengesilwane esisengcupheni Sunnah ukuthi oyifunayo, futhi wenziwa njalo ebusuku ngesikhathi Ramadan okusheshayo. Inika 8 noma 20 rak'ahs - 4 noma 10 2 Rakatan imithandazo. Ukuphela kufanele ezengeziwe namaz witr rak'ahs 3 - 2 1 Rakatan rak'ah. Imithandazo tarawih? I-oda ikhomishana esikoleni Shafi'i simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

• Okwenziwe ebusuku (Isha) Imithandazo Fard futhi Ratib, funda dua ezilandelayo (1) - "La Hawle va la illa kuvvata Billaah Allagumma Sally 'ala Muhammadin wa' ala ali Muhammadin wasallam Allaumma inna nasalukal Jannat fana'uzubika minannar ..."
• Nomthandazo wenziwa taravikh-2 rak'ahs dua futhi wokufundwayo kusukela kuqala isinyathelo.
• Phinda isinyathelo 2 ezintathu izikhathi ukufunda dua ezilandelayo (2): "Subhan Allaah valhhamdu lillyahi wa la ilaha Illallah wa Subhan Allaah akbar Allaah 'Adada halkihi wa Rizal nafsihi Zeenat' arshihi wa midada Kalimah.". Dua ukufunda kusuka isinyathelo sokuqala.
• Phinda isinyathelo 2, futhi ufunde dua 1.
• Phinda isinyathelo 3.
• Okwenziwe umthandazo witr ka rak'ahs ezimbili, bese ufunda dua kusukela isinyathelo 1.
• Witr umthandazo wenziwa kusukela rak'ahs 1st, futhi ufunde dua ezilandelayo: .. "Subhanal malikil kuddus (izikhathi 2) Subhanallahil malikil kuddus, subbuhun kuddusun rabbul malyaikati varruh Subhan Mans ta'azzaza bil kudrati wal wa baka kaharal 'Ibadah bil IATA wal Fana . Subhan rabbika rabbil 'Izzat' Amma yasifun wa salyamun 'alal mursalina valhamdu lillyahi rabbil' alyamin ".

Tarawih-namaz ku Esikoleni Shafi'i - omunye ekhethekile imithandazo, njengoba siqukethe 20 rak'ahs futhi okungukuthi omunye ehloniphekayo-Sunnat imithandazo kwabathembekile amaSulumane.

Ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana iposi ikhomishana

Ukuzila Ukudla e Ramadan isibopho sokuba wonke amaSulumane omdala, kungakhathaliseki ubulili. The main funa - ukwenqaba ukudla, amanzi, ukubhema kanye nobuhlobo bobulili kusukela esikhathini Subh ngomthandazo ngaphambi Maghrib umthandazo. Lokho ephula okusheshayo lesikole Shafi'i?

• Amanzi noma ukudla, kugwinywe ngamabomu, kungakhathalekile ubungako bawo.
• Penetration kwanoma iyiphi komzimba ngokusebenzisa ingquza, umthondo, izindlebe, umlomo, noma ikhala.
• ukuhlanza Ngenhloso.
• Sexual hlangana noma ejaculation ngenxa indlwabu noma amaphupho ezimanzi.
• Kokuya esikhathini kanye nangemuva kokuzalwa komntwana khulula.
• Ukulahlekelwa isizathu.

Uma ezinye izenzo ezenziwa ngenxa lokukhohlwa noma kungakhathaliseki bezila ukudla, fast kuyelelwe bonyana akukafaneli kuphulwe. Uma kungenjalo, kudingeka bavale isikhala ngosuku ezingabanjwanga nobe uhlawule, uma kungenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, tarawih esikoleni Shafi'i - omunye isenzo oyifunayo ubekade Ramadan.

Izincwadi ku esikoleni Shafi'i

Osnovy Madhab kulokho izincwadi eziye eyabhalwa Imam Al-Shafi'i nabalandeli bakhe wathi:

• "Al-Umm" Ash-Shafi'i.
• "Nihayatul matlyab" Al Juwayni.
• "Nihayatul matlyab" Al Ghazali.
• "Al-Muharrar" u-Ar-Rafi.
• "Minhaj-t talibin" An-Nawawi.
• "Al manhaj" Zakariya.
• "An-Nahj" Al-Jauhar.

Izincwadi Shafi'i madhhab akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ngaphandle ukutolika zabo:

• "Al-Vadzhiz" futhi "Al-Aziz" u-Ar-Rafi.
• "U-Ar-Rawda" An-Nawawi.