Hanafi isivumokholo: Umsunguli, isivumokholo, yemithetho

Madhhab Islam ibizwa ngokuthi isikole Sharia nomthetho. Emakhulwini eminyaka okuqala ngemva emva okwenziwe ngaleli inkolo evame kakhulu namuhla, uquqaba lwezingelosi nososayensi abahlonishwayo nezazi ehilelekile Biography of the Prophet Muhammad nabalandeli bakhe. Ngesisekelo umsebenzi wabo esikhathini esizayo idaliwe lenqwaba izikole ngokoqobo Qur'an and Sunnah. Sabhekana nakho izikhathi zethu, yebo, cha bonke of them.

Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo ezine Madhab main emhlabeni Muslim. Abalandeli Islam akholelwa ukuthi lezi zimfundiso - Sunna kuyinto umbono onokwethenjelwa futhi lulungile ngobunyoninco umkhuba yangamalanga yesimodeni. Okuvame kakhulu emhlabeni ngesikhathi esifanayo iyona Hanafi isivumokholo. Abalandeli le mfundiso inengi Muslim.

umsunguli

Yethiwa okuvame kakhulu Islam madhhab okuthiwa Azam Abu Hanifa. It is lokhu lihlonishwa amaSulumane emhlabeni wonke i-imam zaziqinile futhi zenzisa futhi kwaba umsunguli wayo. Wazalelwa Azabm Abu Hanifa ngenkathi we Sahabah e Kufa. Idolobha Ngalezo zinsuku omunye izikhungo ebaluleke kakhulu yemfundo, kwamasiko nenkolo ka sompristi. umndeni Imam sika wayedabuka Iran futhi wahlanganyela kule ukuhweba kasilika.

Kusukela esemncane Azam Abu Hanifa waqala ukubonisa isithakazelo ezimfundisweni wenkolo nefilosofi ezahlukene owawukhona ngaleso sikhathi e Kufa. Sikhula, wanquma ukuhoxisa ngokuphelele kusukela ukuhweba kasilika futhi azinikele ngokuphelele isayensi.

Ucwaningo of Fiqh

Ngezinye Azam lokuqala Abu Hanifa wathatha ingxenye esebenzayo kuzo zonke izinhlobo mpikiswano wenkolo nefilosofi phakathi Kharijites, futhi Mu'tazilites abameleli namanye amaqembu. Kamuva waba nesithakazelo umthetho Islamic (Fiqh). Okokuqala, umfundi waqala ukutadisha ngokucophelela Hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad futhi ayahs (amavesi) the Qur'an. Kulokhu, Azam Abu Hanifa wayezimisele ukuba bahoxe ekungeneleni imibhalo nokumisa nezimfuneko zomthetho, ebanikeza kokubili kwezesayensi.

Ucwaningo of Fiqh sefilosofi Muslim wahlanganyela isikhathi eside - eminyakeni engaba ngu-28. abeluleki yakhe yomthetho Islamic ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene babe izazi abahlonishwa enjalo Muslim, efana Amr Ibn Dzhumahi, u-Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri, Hisham Ibn Urwah, nokunye. D.

Hanafi isivumokholo: Ngokungafani nezinye izikole

Ukwanda lalesi sikole emhlabeni Muslim ngokuyinhloko ngenxa ivumelana nezimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, popularization we Hanafi Madhab kugqugquzelwa kanye cwaningo enemininingwane ezimayelana Shariah. Okwamanje kuwukuphela kwemfundiso yenkolo futhi zomthetho enemininingwane kakhulu emhlabeni Muslim.

Ngaphezu Abu Hanifa, umsunguli we Hanafi esikoleni yokucabanga bagomela abalandeli bakhe Muhammad Ash-Shaibani, futhi Abu Yusuf. Lezi abahlonishwa zefilosofi, izazi zemfundiso yenkolo ezintathu bakwazile ukwakha isikole zokucabangela kakhulu, kulandela ngokusebenzisa iziphetho yenkolo kodwa ngenxa okunengqondo hhayi kuphela.

Ukukholelwa

Uma waqoqa wonke izincwadi Hanafi Madhab ke ziyothambekela kakhudlwana kunamanye amathathu ehlangene. Abaningi kakhulu amaSulumane kulesi sikole njengesisekelo nezimfundiso ukholo yokutholwa maturidi. Lokhu ukunyakaza zefilosofi Islamic sekukhona ekhulwini XIII futhi yathi chithi saka ngesikhathi ukubusa WaseTurkey.

The main esiwuphawu sici maturidi wukuthi abalandeli bakhe ezindabeni "Genesise kaNkulunkulu" bavunyelwe bathembele hhayi kuphela ngomlomo, kodwa futhi zigxile ngokwengeziwe engqondweni yayo, yebo, ngaphandle ukuwela ukweqisa. Ngokuphathelene nenkululeko intando, kulesi sici, okuhlala ngokwengxenye neyaziwayo dzhabritov. Lesi sakamuva akholelwa ukuthi zonke izindaba zabantu wadala hhayi kubo kodwa nguNkulunkulu. Nokho, ngokungafani ukunqabela ngokuphelele umuntu inkululeko yokuzikhethela labo abanamathela dzhabritov hanfitskogo Madhab uyazisa yokuthi Allah uhumusha umkhuba kuphela zivela endoda ngokwayo. Ngamafuphi nje by ngokuqiniseka maturiditov, izenzo zabo abantu bazenze, kodwa kuphela ngosizo kwamandla kaNkulunkulu okuthuthumelisayo.

imithombo eyinhloko umthetho

abameleli Isekelwe lalesi sikole, njengoba Hanafi madhhab, izinkolelo zabo kuphela Qur'an and Sunnah. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziqondiso ezingokomthetho Abu Hanifah kusekelwe emithonjeni efana:

• Kiyas. Ukucabanga kanjalo by Isifaniso. Le nqubo isetshenziswa Islam, uma kunesidingo, ngokungabi bikho ukucaciseleka kusAmbulo izinkomba ngqo izindlela zokuxazulula inkinga ethile. Kulokhu, nakani esifanisweni esisenze akhona ku Quran.

• Idzhama - zefilosofi ukuvumelana zenkolo zesikhathi esidlule nezamanje.

• Orff - zisebenzisa njengephuzu lokuphikisa ngokwesiko ezivamile Islam obuka ukungabi khona izinkomba eqondile kusAmbulo.

• Istihsan. Kusebenza uma Qiyas eshayisana idzhamoy futhi orfom. Uma ukucabanga by Isifaniso alisilungele kungenzeka isiqondiso zomthetho ekhishelwe waiver of Kiyas agumenti.

Kuyacaca futhi kucace kuzo zonke izinhlobo izici Sharia nomthetho kulesi sikole zingenziwa ngesisekelo izitatimende babafundi Prophet Muhammad sika.

Umthandazo lo Hanafi madhhab: Imibandela

Okokuqala Shari'ah (insika Islam) iyona aphindaphinde ifomula monotheism kanye nokubhekelelwa mission of the Prophet Muhammad, kwesibili - umthandazo. Inqubo umthandazo Islam sekukhona njengoba postures oyisibonelo nokunyakaza of the Prophet Muhammad. Kuyinto kahle indlela wazenza uthandaza, khumbula abafundi bakhe futhi amaSulumane ekuseni. Kamuva, Anikeza umthetho womthandazo abalandeli Islam.

abameleli namaz lalesi sikole lasendulo njengoba Hanafi isivumokholo, kuncike kwimibandela eziyisithupha:

• babezihlambulula;

• ikhava umzimba (yamadoda - kusukela inkaba emadolweni, abesifazane - konke ngaphandle ubuso, izinyawo nezandla);

• banxuse Qiblah (kudingeka ume ebhekene Kaaba);

• ekugcwalisekeni esifike umthandazo;

• ngenhloso ungakhulekeli ngokomthetho, kodwa ngenxa Allah;

• ekuqaleni umthandazo ohambisana namagama athi "Allahu Akbar."

Ngokungafani nezinye izikole womthandazo

Ngokwe iziqondiso ukufeza isiko ukwelashwa ngoNkulunkulu Islam kusekelwe kahlanu ngosuku. Ngomqondo onabile, inkulumo umthandazo ngokwayo wenziwa mayelana efanayo kwezinye izikole. Kodwa kukhona ezinye umehluko. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, esikoleni Hanafi ke akuvunyelwe ukuba sihlanganise leyo mikhuleko ozoba ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zosuku, emvuleni noma endleleni. zikhona okumbalwa ukuze lo mthetho. Phakathi Hajj Hanafi, kwezinye izimo, namanje united imithandazo.

Izici imithandazo ekuseni

Elokuqala imithandazo emihlanu labo abanamathela besilisa lalesi sikole wenziwa lapho kuba ukukhanya ngokwanele ukuba akwazi ukuhlukanisa izinto emhlabeni. Lo mkhuba wake wamukela, ngokusobala ukuze ukuqoqa inqwaba abantu mosque. Abesifazane bachitha umthandazo ekuseni ngokuvamile ebumnyameni.

Madhhab eRussia

Ezweni lethu, amaSulumane ikakhulukazi basonta obanzi kunayo e US Islam iqembu. Enjalo, isibonelo, kukhona Bashkirs, AmaTatar, kabradintsy, Circassians namanye izizwe. Ngokusho ucwaningo yizazi, Sunni Hanafi Madhab uvele Russia cishe ngokushesha nje ngemva ubufakazi Islamic.

Ngaphezu Hanafi, ezweni lakithi kukhona kuphela abaqhuba Shafi'ites. Lezi ikakhulukazi abantu abavela eCaucasus, ngubani bazinza eMoscow, eSt Petersburg nakwamanye amadolobha amakhulu. Ngakho, Hanafi futhi Esikoleni Shafi'i - eyingqayizivele esikoleni Russian of Sharia nomthetho.