Isilinganiso se-Mohs. Mohs ubulukhuni

Isilinganiso se-Mohs yisilinganiso esikhiqizwa ngu-Carl Friedrich Mohs ngo-1812, okwenza kube lula ukuqhathanisa ubunzima bamaminerali. Isilinganiso sinikeza ukufaneleka, hhayi ukuhlolwa okulinganiselwe kobunzima betshe.

Umlando wendalo

Ukwakha i-scale, ama-Moos asebenzisa amaminerali ayisithenjwa angu-10 - i-talc, i-gypsum, i-calcite, i-fluorite, i-apatite, i-orthoclase, i-quartz, i-topazi, i-red corundum ne-diamond. Wabeka amaminerali ngendlela yokwandisa ubulukhuni, wamukela njengesiqalo sokuthi ukukhwabanisa okunomsoco kunzima kakhulu. I-calcite, ngokwesibonelo, ukukhwabanisa i-gypsum, futhi kuma-scratches ama-calcite ashiya u-fluorite, futhi zonke lezi zimaminerali zibangela ukuba i-talc iqhume. Ngakho amaminerali athola amanani ahambisanayo nobunzima emkhakheni we-Mohs: u-cholk-1, i-gypsum-2, i-calcite-3, i-fluorite-4. Izifundo ezengeziwe zabonisa ukuthi amaminerali obunzima bawo bungaphansi kuka-6 abukwe ngilazi, labo obunzima babo bungaphezulu kuka-6-scratch glass . Ubulukhuni beglasi ngalesisilinganiso cishe ngu 6.5.

Amatshe anobunzima obukhulu kunama-6 aphathwa ngedayimane.

Isilinganiso se-Mohs senzelwe ukulinganisa okubi kobulukhuni bamaminerali. Isibonisi esinembile kunzima kakhulu.

Indawo yamaminerali esikalini se-Mohs

Amaminerali esikalini ahlelwe ngokulandelana kobunzima. I-softest inobunzima obu-1, ihlonywe ngomunwe, isibonelo, i-talcum (isikhala). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezimbiwa eziningana eziqinile - i-ulexite, i-amber, i-muscovite. Ubukhuni babo emkhakheni we-Mohs buncane - 2. Amaminerali asithambile aphefumulwanga, okuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwawo ekuhlobheni. Amatshe amahle ngobunzima obuphansi abhekisela kumhlobiso, futhi ngokuvamile ayabizi. Kulezi zikhumbuzo zenziwa njalo.

Amaminerali anobulukhuni obunamaphesenti amathathu kuya ku-5 kulula ukushaya ngommese. I-Gagat, i-rhodochrosite, i-malachite, i-rhodonite, i-turquoise, i-nephrite ivame ukuphuzwa nge-cabochon, epholile (ngokuvamile esebenzisa i-zinc oxide). Lezi zimaminerali azilutho emanzini.

Amatshe amatshe amancane amaminerali, amadayimane, ama-rubies, ama-emerald, ama-sapphire, ama-topazes nama-garnet, asetshenzwa ngokuya obala, umbala, ukutholakala kokungcola. Ama-rubies ezinama star noma ama-saphir, isibonelo, anqunywa ngamacabochons ukuze agcizelele uhlobo olungavamile lwetshe, izinhlobo ezicacile zenziwa ngama-ovals, imibuthano noma amaconsi, njengamadayimane.

Amatshe Amatshe

Wonke amaminerali obunzima obuncane obungaphansi kwezingu-7 esikalini kubhekwa njengethambile, labo abangaphezu kuka-7 banzima. Amaminerali aqinile anikezwe ukukhishwa kwedayimane, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezicingo, ukubonakala okucacile kanye nobunzima obenza kube lula ukusetshenziselwa ubucwebe.

Ubulukhuni bedayimani esikalini se-Mohs ngu-10. Amadayimane anqunywe ngendlela yokuthi ngesikhathi sokucubungula ukulahlekelwa ebunzini betshe akuncane kakhulu. Idayimani esetshenzisiwe ibizwa ngokuthi idayimane. Ngenxa yobunzima bayo obuphakeme nokumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu, idayimane cishe ihlala njalo.

Ubulukhuni be-ruby nesafire buncane ngaphansi kwebunzima bedayimane futhi ngu-9 kumkhawulo we-Mohs. Inani lala matshe, kanye ne-emerald, lixhomeke embala, ngokungafihleki kanye nenani leziphambeko - ngokucacile itshe, umbala obala kakhulu kanye nemifantu encane kuyo, inani eliphakeme.

Amatshe angamatshe

Ngaphansi kwe-diamond ne-corundum, i-topazi ne-garnets bayabaluleka. Ubukhuni babo emkhakheni we-Mohs yizingqinamba ezingu-7-8. Lawa matshe anikezwe amandla ekwenzeni idayimani. Inani ngqo kuxhomeke kumbala. Lapho kugcwele ukugcwala umbala we topazi noma igromegranate, kubiza kakhulu umkhiqizo uzodla ngawo. I-valued kakhulu kakhulu yi-topaz ephuzi kakhulu ephuzi futhi i-garnets ephuzi (ama-majors). Igugu lokugcina lingavamile kangangokuthi intengo yalo ingaba ngaphezu kwedayimane elihlanzekile.

I-tourmaline yombala: i-pink (i-rubellite), i-blue (indigolite), eluhlaza (i-verdelit), i- watermelon tourmaline iphinde ibhekwe ngamatshe ayigugu. I-tourmalines engavamile yekhwalithi ephezulu ayinqabile kakhulu emvelweni, ngakho-ke ngezinye izikhathi iyabiza kakhulu kune-pyrope ne- topazi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, namatshe amhlophe (pink-green), abakhathele ukuzingela. Ubulukhuni bamatshe enkampanini ye-Mohs buphakeme kakhulu futhi bunamaphuzu angu-7-7.5. Lawa matshe aphethwe kahle, angashintshi umbala, futhi ukuthola izinhlobonhlobo nge-tourmaline ebonakalayo ebonakalayo iyinhlanhla yangempela.

Izinhlobonhlobo ezimnyama ze-tourmaline (sherle) zibhekisela kumatshe okuhlobisa. I-shirl yinkimbinkimbi, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, itshe elihlabayo, elingase liphule kalula ngesikhathi sokucubungula. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi i-tourmalines emnyama ivame ukuthengiswa engaphumelelwanga. USherl uthathwa njengomuntu oyisiphephelo esiphezulu kunazo zonke.

Izicelo Zezimboni

Amaminerali kanye namadwala ezinzima kakhulu asetshenziswa kakhulu embonini. Isibonelo, ubunzima be-granite esikalini se-Mohs sisukela ku-5 ukuya ku-7, kuye ngokuthi inani le-mica kulo. Leli dwala eliqinile lisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa njengento yokuqedela.

Ama-sapphire angenasici noma ama-leucosapphires, naphezu kobunzima bawo obukhulu nokuhlukumezeka okuncane, akudingeki phakathi kwama-jewelers, kodwa asetshenziselwa kakhulu izitshalo ze-laser nezinye izitshalo.

Ukusebenza okusebenzayo kwesilinganiso

Naphezu kokuthi ubunzima be-Mohs obunzima buhlinzeka kuphela ngekhwalithi kunokuhlola okulinganiselwe, kusetshenziswa kabanzi kwi geology. Ukusebenzisa isilinganiso se-Mohs, i-geologists kanye ne-mineralogists kungase kutholakale ukuthi idwala elingaziwa, kuye ngokuthi likwazi ukukhanda ngommese noma ingilazi. Cishe yonke imithombo yenkomba ibonisa ubunzima bamaminerali esikalini se-Mohs, hhayi ubunzima babo obuphelele.

Ebhizinisi lezinhlobonhlobo, isikali se-Mohs sisetshenziswa kabanzi. Ubunzima betshe buxhomeke endleleni esetshenziselwa ngayo, izinketho zokugaya kanye namathuluzi adingekayo kulokhu.

Ezinye izikali zobunzima

Isikweletu se-Mohs akuyona kuphela iskena sobunzima. Kunezinye izilinganiso eziningana ezidalwe ngokusekelwe emandleni amaminerali nezinye izinto zokwakha ukulwa nokuguquguquka. Okudumile kunazo zonke izilinganiso zeR Rockwell. I-Rockwell indlela elula - isekelwe ekulinganiseni ukujula kokungena kwesihlonzi esijulile ekufundeni okucwaningweni. Njengesihlonzi, i-diamond tip isetshenziswa ngokuvamile. Kumele kuqaphele ukuthi amaminerali akatholakali ahambisana nendlela yaseRowwell, ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa izinsimbi nama-alloys.

Izikali zobunzima be-Shor zakhiwa ngendlela efanayo. Indlela yokudoba ivumela ukucacisa ubunzima bobabili izinsimbi kanye nezinto ezithintekayo (i-raber, ipulasitiki).