July 10 - Usuku lwezinkazimulo zempi!

Usuku oluhle kakhulu olungenakulibaleka lwenkazimulo yezempi luyeza, luzinikele ekunqobeni okunamandla futhi okunzima kwezikhali zaseRussia e -Battle of Poltava ngoJulayi 10, 1709. Kwase kuphele isikhathi eside. I-A.S. U-Pushkin wanikezela enye yezinkondlo zakhe ezinhle kakhulu empini, okwaba yindlela yokuguqula umlando wonke wesikhathi esizayo wezwe lethu. Kwaphela iminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye, iMpi YaseNyakatho eqeda amandla yokubusa kweBaltic Sea yaqhubeka. Kwaphela iminyaka eyisithupha, kwakukhona "iwindi eYurophu" ngo-1703, eSt. Petersburg. Isiqine kunazo zonke ngaleso sikhathi emhlabeni, ibutho likaCharles XII, elinamathela okwesikhashana ePoland elawunqobile, lalingavumeli leli dolobha liqhubeke kwiNeva: abaseSweden balahlekelwa yiYamburg, Koporye, Tartu noNarva ngalonyaka. Kwakuvela ekuthukutheleni nasekufiseni ukuphindisela. Futhi lo mfana osemusha waseRussia wathuthela kancane kancane umsebenzi wezempi waya ensimini yasePoland (Rzeczpospolita), leso sinyathelo ngesinyathelo futhi kwaholela empini enkulu yezwe eliyinhloko laseRashiya, elibanjwe izitha. Ake sikhumbule ukuthi kokubili amazwe ka Karelia nase-Izhorskie ayehlala e-Russia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaba nokushisa okukhohlisayo eRussia encane: u-hetman Mazepa wenza inhlanganyelo nenkosi yaseSweden, eqinisa impi kaKarl ne-Cossacks ethanda impi. Kodwa-ke, ama-Cossacks awazange akhohliswe isikhathi eside, ebuyela ebhanini le-Tsar yaseRussia. Futhi manje impi iphelile.

Amabutho ajwayelekile ebutho laseSweden ahlanganisa amayunithi angu-11 000 abamahhashi namabutho angu-15 000, amabutho angu-41 ahlaselwa amabutho aseRussia, kanti izinkulungwane ezimbalwa zeCosacks ezishiya eceleni kukaKarl zahlanganyela empini yasePoltava. Kodwa emaqenjini amabutho aseRussia ama-battalions angu-37 (ama-fighters angu-37 000), amadoda angu-23 700 amahhashi, ama-Cossacks angu-8 000 alwa! Futhi izibhamu ezingu-102 zathumela ukufa ezitha. I-géenie eyakwazi ukuhlela impi engakaze ibe khona kubantu bakubo futhi eyanikeza usuku lwezinkazimulo zempi zaseRussia kuwe.

UPeter I, obizwa ngokuthi Omkhulu, ngokuwina i-Battle of Poltava, wenza konke ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iSweden yaphela amandla amakhulu, yanikeza leli dumo eRussia.

AmaSweden aqala impi ngo-2 ekuseni. Ukhathazekile. Sinqume ukuthatha izinto ezingaziwa. Babamba izinhlamvu ezimbili zokuqala kwabayishumi, kuyilapho abaseRussia bevusa futhi bakha kabusha. Yilapho umdlalo oqala khona. Usuku lwezinkazimulo zempi alunjalo nje, ukuzalwa kwakhe kuyabiza. Bangaphezu kuka-9 000 abaseSweden ababulewe, abangaphezu kuka-3 000 bathunjwa. AmaRussia anezincane, kodwa futhi eningi, futhi kungenakuqondakala ukuthi isizwe esingaba yizinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane nesishiyagalolunye silahlekelwa yilahlekile futhi abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezintathu balimala.

Ngemuva kwemizamo yokuphindaphindiwe yasebusuku yokuqonda wonke ama-redoubts aseRussia ukuze alondoloze izingane ezisemngcwabeni obulalayo, ngomhlaka-9 ntambama ekuseni abaseSweden bakha izindlu zamabutho abo ngenkani. AmaRussia akhiwe ngokuphambene. Udonga oludongeni. Okokuqala kwakukhona isibhamu, ngakho-ke ukulwa ngesandla. Abantu baseSweden balwa nemizamo yabo yokugcina, benkani nenkani. Ngisho waphula umsele wethu wesobunxele. INkosi uPeter yabona lokhu ngesikhathi nangaphambi kwebutho lebutho laseNovgorod ligijimela empini kakhulu. Kungenzeka kanjani ukuba ungaphumeleli ezimweni ezinjalo? Inkosi yayingesibindi kuphela, kodwa futhi yayiyiqhinga. Ukuhlukaniswa kwamasosha awaziwa ngesimo samasosha amancane. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakungenzeka ukutshela wonke umuntu owaziwa ngokuphelele ngezingubo. Futhi uCharles XII wayenolwazi ngokukhethekile ezinhlotsheni zejunifomu yecala eliphikisayo. Ngangijabule lapho ngibona abaqashi babantu abasha, ngiphonsa abantu ekuphumeleleni, futhi kwakungekho lapho. AbaseSweden baqala ukuchoboza ngokwengeziwe futhi bawafake. Yebo, futhi i-kernel yahamba ngqo enqoleni yenkosi yaseSweden. Ibutho lalinqotshwa, i-Cospacks yaseZaporozhye iphinde ikhonjwe - bonke bahlala ekamu futhi bashiya esiqondisweni esingaziwa. UCarl, omele, wabizwa ukuba aziphakamise eziqongweni eziphakeme, ibutho lavela, lazama ukuliqoqa ndawonye. Kodwa sekuphuzile kakhulu. Ibutho laseSweden lalixoshiwe, futhi eRussia ngolunye usuku lwezinkazimulo zempi lwavela.

Ekhulwini lama-20 leminyaka esakhiweni se-Battle of Poltava, kwakhiwa isakhiwo samamyuziyamu. Namuhla yiNational Museum-Reserve ethi "Field of the Battle of Poltava", isisebenzi sezinkumbulo eziphilayo zezizukulwane. Izinsuku zenkazimulo yempi ziqhutshwa njalo ngonyaka, ngoba izivakashi endaweni yendawo yokugcina indawo kukhona iminyuziyamu, izikhumbuzo zikaPeter I, amasosha aseRashiya naseSweden, indawo lapho uPetru engimise khona, nezinye izinto eziningi. Ukuhlonishwa kwe-bicentenary ye-Battle of Poltava, kwadalwa umdanso wokugubha. Usuku lwe -Battle of Poltava alukhunjulwa kuphela ngosuku lwezinkazimulo zezempi hhayi eRussia kuphela. Ngaphezu kwemigqa emihle yePushkin kule nkondlo ethi "Poltava", kukhona inoveli efundeka kakhulu ye-nonconformist yangaleso sikhathi evela e-Ukraine O. Kudrin, nakuba indaba encwadini yakhe inoveli ingeniswa ngokuhlukile. Cishe ngalesi sikhathi, kudala amafilimu amaningi, i-opera Mazepa, ne-Swedish heavy metal band uSabaton uhlabelela ingoma nge-Battle of Poltava.