Mahhala Russian iziteshi federal

Ithelevishini - abezindaba ezibaluleke kakhulu eRussia. Izakhamuzi zezwe zijwayele yokuthi Broadcasting izinhlelo zethelevishini mahhala, kanye nomhlaba obhekwe iziteshi pay waqala ukukhathazeka - hhayi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uzolahlekelwa okuqukethwe kwabo evamile. Uhulumeni uvikela amalungelo labantu kanye yakha uhlu iziteshi federal, okuyinto kunoma yiliphi icala kumele aboniswe mahhala.

TV eRussia

ukusakazwa ithelevishini avamile waqala eU.SSR ngo-1939. Okokuqala, basibekele kuphela esifundeni dolobha, kodwa ngo-1951 lamiswa Central TV studio, okwakwenza kube lula ukuthola uhlelo lokuqala Ithelevishini. iminyaka 5 Kamuva, isiteshi sesibili, futhi ngo-1965 waqala studio ukusebenzela ukudalwa zokuqeqesha. Kancane kancane zasondela izinguqulo eziningi liyakhula, izakhiwo ezintsha, hhayi kuphela ulwazi, kodwa futhi ukuzijabulisa, ezifana KVN, "Ingoma Yonyaka." Ekuqaleni, TV ngokuvamile yibo bonke abanikazi amathelevishini. Ngakho-ke, umqondo ezikhokhelwayo kungukuthi ngisho iphutha phakathi izakhamuzi zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Mahhala iziteshi federal TV esakaza wonke amagumbi zwe elikhulukazi, bese kuphela kugucukela emnotfweni emakethe isiqala ukushintsha. Ngo-1988, it senza inzuzo ithelevishini inethiwekhi kuqala Nizhny Novgorod. Kancane kancane, le nqubo abathintekayo lonke lelo zwe.

umsebenzi TV Komphakathi

Ithelevishini iyindlela ethandwa kakhulu yokuxhumana kolwazi, ikhona emphakathini, has nomthelela omkhulu ku umbukeli. Lokhu kuholela yokuthi TV has a umthwalo omkhulu emphakathini. Umsebenzi oyinhloko ithelevishini - Ulwazi. Isiteshi sokuqala federal ine Ukusabalala ngobukhulu kuleli zwe, ngakho-ke, unekhono ngokushesha ukuletha ulwazi cishe zonke izakhamuzi. Sekuyisikhathi eside ithelevishini kwaba umthombo obalulekile wokwaziswa abantu. Namuhla kuba ubuqhawe baphikisana nalesi Inthanethi, kodwa kuze kube manje Ukungena yayo kanye nokubika komhlaba akazange afinyelele 100%, ngakho ubuholi TV inakekelwa. Futhi ukusakaza lisebenza imisebenzi efana nemfundo kwamasiko, ukuzijabulisa, yamaSoviet, ezemfundo kanye Integrative. Lokhu multifunctionality kwenza TV baningi futhi kudingekile kuhulumeni kanye nomphakathi. Ngakho-ke, ngeke kukhokhelwe, njengoba kuzokwenza zidale ukungezwani okukhulu nomphakathi. Nokho, okunye okuqukethwe TV angase abe kuncike inzuzo. self isidingo esishukumisa ithelevishini ukucabanga mayelana nokuthengisa umkhiqizo wakho.

Khokha ne-TV khulula

Ezweni yomlando ithelevishini lwaqala ukusakaza khulula. Ekuthuthukisweni yayo imali isimo ukuthi uyaqonda ukubaluleka kwalo okusezingeni eliphezulu nomphakathi. Iziteshi Federal TV esakaza ukusakazwa abo mahhala, futhi kuphela 70s umbono pay-TV. I commercial ithelevishini kunethiwekhi kuqala e-United States yenzeka ngo-1973. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-7, iziteshi okufanayo kuvela esemancane eNtshonalanga Yurophu. ERussia TV lokuqala, namakhefu akhokhelwayo yezokusakaza - TV "Isikhala" - izovela 1991. Inkinga pay kanye khulula ithelevishini liyakhula ukuthuthukiswa ikhebula satellite amanethiwekhi e 90 sekwephuzile.

Uhlaka lomthetho

Ngo-1997, umthetho kahulumeni ku nokusakaza ngethelevishini, ukubikezela okuyinto udela-universal access to-TV wathola eRussia. Nokho, ebhodini ukuthola izinhlelo zethelevishini emthethweni akashongo lutho. Kancane kancane, ukusakaza ikhebula satellite izinkampani khulula iziteshi federal aminyene okuqukethwe okukhokhelwayo. Lokhu kwaholela yokuthi izinkampani ezithile TV waqala lokukhokhisa imali sokufinyelela iziteshi federal ukuthi noma yimuphi umnikazi kungaba ukubuka i-TV mahhala. Ngakho, inkampani "Tricolor", iziteshi sikahulumeni e iphakethe ekhokhwa ngaphezu kwezinye iziteshi, idale precedent unqande ukufinyelela izinhlelo iziteshi federal TV. Ukusabela Wide ophoqelelwe uhulumeni ukwamukela izichibiyelo zomthetho ukuthi yibhange sokulwelwa kwamalungelo abantu ukuba ukufinyelela khulula okusakaza. Ministry of Communications wakhipha isinqumo ukuchitshiyelwa komthetho "Ngo-Mass Media and Television", lapho ukuze kuqinisekiswe amalungelo ezakhamizi senziwa umphakathi uhlu iziteshi zamahhala.

uhlu iziteshi zamahhala abaqinisekisiwe

Septhemba 4, 2015 I-Ministry of Communications omamukele uhlu olusha iziteshi sikahulumeni. Zonke opharetha kudingeka ukubahumushela ukubuka mahhala. Uhlu kuhlanganisa iziteshi 20, futhi kwaba Multiplex yesibili ixhunywe Russia. Ukungenela Multiplex yesithathu ngenxa yezinkinga zomnotho kuleli zwe libe selihlehliselwa 2018, kuzoba enye 10 iziteshi zamahhala. Namuhla, iziteshi zamahhala ezilandelayo zingabhekwa kuwo onke amanethiwekhi Russian Okokuqala Channel, VGTRK iphakethe (isiteshi "Russia 1, 2", "eRussia", "Russia 24", NTV), "Public Television Russia", isiteshi yezingane "Carousel" TV Centre, Ren-TV, Spas, sts, "Ekhaya" siteshi, TV3, EZEMIDLALO PLUS, "Inkanyezi", "Ukuthula", TNT nomculo isiteshi MUZ-TV. Iziteshi avele ohlwini bangabanye zabanikazi ezahlukene futhi yasakazwa kulo lonke izwe.

Iziteshi zamahhala RTR

Zonke-Russia State Ithelevishini Umsakazo Broadcasting Company ungumnikazi iphakethe, okubandakanya kuhlanganise iziteshi Russian federal :. "Match", "Russia 1", "Ukuze Russia" futhi "Russia 24" Abezindaba ebambe yasungulwa ngo-1990, kwaba wayeba njengompristi umsunguli eyinhloko uhulumeni waseRussia. Isiteshi "Russia 1" ihlanganisa ezingaphezu kuka 98% abantu bakuleli batholakale Russian. Kukhona izinhlelo kwezenhlalo nakwezombangazwe, ulwazi nokuzijabulisa ukukhiqizwa yayo siqu, uphawu lesiteshi uhlelo "Vesti", okuyinto has omunye izilinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu kuleli zwe. "Match 'wadalwa ngesisekelo isiteshi zangaphambili" Russia-ezemidlalo "futhi Ukusabalala unikezwa ngokuphelele kwemidlalo. Isiteshi "Emkhubeni Wokubulala" - kuphela isiteshi of imicimbi yamasiko, ad-free ngokuphelele.

Iziteshi zamahhala "Gazprom-Media"

Abezindaba ebambe "Gazprom-abezindaba" iphakethe kuhlanganisa NTV iziteshi federal, TNT, i-TV-3, "Ezemidlalo plus". Afinyelela abantu ebambe siteshi abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-90. NTV ibekwe njengoba isiteshi ukucabanga abantu yokuphila asebenzayo. Lenza izinhlelo likhuluma ngezenzakalo eziphawulekayo ezweni futhi izwe libalalela. NTV ukhiqiza semali izinhlelo ezahlukene izilaleli ebanzi: "Ezezindlu Inkinga", "i-TV Ingxenye esigcwele," "Intatheli Special". TNT isiteshi ibekwe njengoba isiteshi nemfashini futhi ngokugqamile ukuze intsha omuhle futhi esebenzayo. TV-3 - isiteshi ukuzijabulisa, ne Ukugcizelelwa nezimfihlakalo futhi imfihlakalo. okuqukethwe kwesiteshi Special - izinhlelo zakho ngezihloko esoteric, umlingo, nezimfihlakalo. "Ezemidlalo Plus" - isiteshi sezemidlalo, which busisa ezemidlalo izenzakalo, izinguqulo kanye nokubuyekeza.

Iziteshi zamahhala "CTC Abezindaba"

Okuqukethwe Inkampani "CTC Abezindaba" yavela kuyi-1989, imakethe i-TV siphuma ngo-1996. Namuhla, ukuphathwa inkampani ephethe iziteshi federal CTC, "Ekhaya" futhi Muz-TV. CTC ibekwe njengoba isiteshi ukuzijabulisa wokubuka emndenini, akukho inqubomgomo kanye nokwaziswa isidina, futhi kuphela okuqukethwe ukungcebeleka. Izethameli esemqoka ye sts - ubusha, isiteshi Ukusabalala imayelana 80% izilaleli eRussia. Isiteshi "Ekhaya", njengoba kakade kwase kucace kusukela isihloko, senzelwe nezithameli umndeni, ngaphezu kwakho konke emizi. Kubo, wokuqukethwe ekhethekile - uhlelo mayelana fashion, ukupheka, izingane, izindaba zezwe. Eyokuqala umculo ithelevishini - ngakho Positioning ngokwaso Muz-TV - isiteshi ababukeli abancane ukuthi ibukele i-TV ngemuva.

Iziteshi zamahhala ye-National Media Group

National Abezindaba bavele emakethe Russian ngo-2008, ngokusebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa eziningi futhi zigqila akha eliyifa ezinkulu, okusho ezilawula iziteshi federal: isiteshi kuqala Ren-TV, Channel Five. Ethandwa kakhulu ezweni isiteshi wokuqala umbiko enkulu nezilinganiso okusezingeni eliphezulu. Esokuqala Positioning ngokwaso njengoba "isiteshi sabo bonke" futhi unikeza uhlelo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu abantu abane izithakazelo ezahlukene. Ren-TV - isiteshi ukubeka anyakaza, inikeza izinhlelo ahlukahlukene okukhiqiza ayo, kuhlanganise ogawuthola. Isiteshi Five, okuyinto eyavela ithelevishini Leningrad, iziveza njengencwadi isiteshi izinga abantu smart. Lapha, ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ikhokhelwa olwazini yayo kanye nenqubomgomo sicubungule ukudalwa tinhlelo.

Independent iziteshi zamahhala

Futhi, i-suite khulula iziteshi federal babe iziteshi eziningana ezimele. Lokhu "TV Center" iziteshi federal, "Ukuthula", "Public Television Russia", "uMsindisi", "Inkanyezi" "Carousel." Ngaphandle "TV Center", zonke iziteshi abe ukuma nomphakathi. "Carousel" kuwumsebenzi kazwelonke izingane nentsha. "Kristu 'eyasungulwa Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia futhi ihlanganisa imisebenzi yayo. "Mir" amiselwe indaba izindaba nezenzakalo Commonwealth of Independent States. "Public Television Russia" yasungulwa ngo 2013 ukuze baxoxe ngezinkinga acute kakhulu kwezenhlalo sokuthuthukiswa zomphakathi. "Inkanyezi" - umzila Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, yakhelwe ukusiza imfundo yokushisekela izwe kobusha, futhi ukutshela izindaba emkhakheni lempi. "TV Center" - kuyinto isiteshi uhulumeni eMoscow, itshela indaba izindaba ezisemadolobheni.