Isigaba ekhona ekuthuthukisweni isiko libhekene lokho?

Modern isiko emhlabeni has izici zayo siqu ethize ezenza kube ehlukile futhi eyingqayizivele jikelele umongo zamasiko nezomlando. Kubalulekile ukwelapha it ngokuphelele, njengoba iqembu ne ezicini ezihlukahlukene zokuphila emphakathini wanamuhla, kungaba izimiso zokuhle, isimilo ubuhlobo zomthetho noma ezingeni yentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe kanye isici kwezomnotho. Yiqiniso, lolu hlobo incazelo olunzulu isiko kwelinye sihloko ngeke ilingane, ngakho sizogxila kuphela izici ezibalulekile kakhulu empilweni yamasiko. Ngakho, liyini ekhethekile mayelana esigabeni samanje yentuthuko isiko iqukethe?

Indima isiko European emhlabeni isikhala kwamasiko

Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi esigabeni samanje ukuthuthukiswa isiko libhekene inqubo esebenzayo kwembulunga yonke, ngokuqinile ngesisekelo isiko European. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngoba cishe zonke izindawo emhlabeni, nakuba lokhu ngezindlela ezingafani. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi Westernization futhi inqunywa izingcindezi Eurocentrism ekuhloleni Amathemba okwengeziwe ekuthuthukiseni impucuko umphakathi. Yingakho focus iyonikwa lokhu isiko njengendawo ebaluleke kakhulu futhi siyinhloko kakhulu ukuphila kwezinkulungwane zezigidi zabantu emhlabeni namuhla.

Imingcele isiko European

Isiko-European, njenganoma iyiphi enye, is zihlukaniswa isitayela yayo, izici ezithile futhi sesethi yamanani. Yiqiniso, kwenkululeko ongqondongqondo yayo ehlukahlukene ukuchaza ngendlela ehlukile, kanye nemithombo yalo ngemvelaphi nokuthuthuka izici. Lapha, sizokwenza zithobele umqondo kokungathathi hlangothi kakhulu futhi cishe friendly ukuthi isiko yesimanje European nge sengqondo yayo futhi izici kwamiswa Yempucuko futhi ezikhathini zanamuhla. Okunye amathonya - yasendulo, i-classical kanye nabanye - thina nika njengoba oluyisisekelo uhlobo oluhlukile yesimanje zokwakheka ngaphambi kwamasiko e-Europe.
Ngakho, lokho kuhlukile esigabeni samanje yentuthuko isiko? Ngamanye amazwi, ukuthi iziphi izici zako kubalulekile kungathiwa nakomaka ethize uwahlukanise kwezinye izinhlobo isiko?

rationalism

elementi Rationalist kusobala kakhulu ephawula ukuthuthukiswa isiko kulesigaba Lesiphakeme. Lokhu kubonakala zayo conception emhlabeni, amagugu okuyizinto core nomnotho ingqondo yomuntu. Kubalulekile ukuhlonza vector of rationalism European, ngoba ihlukile kakhulu ezivela kwezinye, amasiko ngokuyinhloko bendabuko asempumalanga. Sici Its main esiwuphawu yazo bakha, ukuze codify emhlabeni, wenze kube ngokugcwele ngaphansi kolawulo kanye abangaphansi phezulu womuntu. Izindlela ukuthuthukiswa isiko yesimanje eRussia kukhona, by the way, ngoba ncamashi yindlela efanayo ngokoqobo, lapho ukubaluleka izwe kunqunywa degree of operability yayo kanye nekusebenta. Ngamanye amazwi, lo isici womuntu e isimiso esinjalo kungumongo, kuyilapho bonke abanye emhlabeni udluliselwa isimo nsiza.

Ithonya rationalism ku izici esigabeni samanje (sokuthuthukisa amasiko)

Lokhu orientation sengqondo Western ukuvumele ukwakha ukhululekile ephilayo imvelo, ukukhuthaza kude ngaphambi ubuchwepheshe futhi athole impumelelo enkulu imigomo kwezomnotho. Kodwa reverse, ohlangothini mnyama, okungukufa destabilization ngokwengqondo ngiqaphele (isib, amazinga aphezulu kakhulu zokucindezeleka futhi bathambekele ekuzibulaleni e bachuma kakhulu kusukela iphuzu kwezomnotho umbono, eYurophu, eMelika nase-Australia), Hyper-intellectualism, bese lokho kulimaza ingxenye okungokomoya ukuthuthukiswa ubuntu ubudlelwane umthengi, futhi ngomqondo obanzi - i expansionism nolaka amasiko nezomnotho kanye sengqondo ngesihluku nemvelo kanye imvelo.

subjectivism

Isigaba ekhona ekuthuthukisweni isiko futhi elinesimo luhlangotsi evelele. Lesi sakamuva kulokhu aqondwe njengokufaka kuncike absolutized ebaluleke kunoma iyiphi izinqubo zangaphandle kanye izenzakalo.

In practice, lokhu kusho ukuthi sonke isilinganiso kumuntu othize, ngamunye, hhayi umphakathi, ekilasini, lombhalo, nokunye okunjalo. Nale nhlangano yamanani kwamasiko yenziwe yaba khona, okungenani ngokulingana esisemthethweni zomthetho kanye nokuthuthukiswa zezombusazwe ukuphila ngendlela yeningi. Yiqiniso, ekuphileni kwangempela izinto kancane more xaka, kodwa lesi sithembiso ubuntu ngamakhasimende kunqunywa esigabeni samanje. Lokhu ukuthuthukiswa isiko akugcini umuntu, ukunika inani layo eziwumgogodla namalungelo, kodwa futhi ziwumthwalo umthwalo omkhulu, ukuba ngesikhathi esifanayo inselele. Lowo muntu, eqinisweni, omunye-on-one nezwe lapho bonke ubudlelwano athathe isimo inkontileka futhi isivumelwano letihlomulisa. Umuntu okukhulunywa ngaye lapha emhlabeni ayinabantu, hhayi kokuba nezimpande ezijulile emndenini nezezizwe, ezingokomoya, kazwelonke noma enye isikhala.

ngokucacile Russian

Ngokuphathelene ukuthuthukiswa isiko yesimanje eRussia, kusenzima ngempela umahluko omkhulu ezinqubweni imodeli European, nakuba ihamba kancane kancane isiqondiso sakhe. Ngokwesibonelo, esikhaleni yamasiko Russian Federation ingakamiswa wazamukela imibono lokubekezelana ukulingana onezinkolo umphakathi khulula ekucindezelweni yomuntu noma kukaJesu isikhathi kwaba nethonya nomphakathi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izici eziningi empilweni yamasiko elaliyiSoviet Union mancane singangena lokuhweba kanye kwathatha ubudlelwane emakethe format. Vele kungenzeka ukuveza we alien umqondo ojulile ngokomoya ukuze isici kwezomnotho.

scientism

Ukuthuthuka okuqondile kwemininingwane luhlangotsi, okwakubekelwa zishukunyiswa R. Descartes e mqondo wakhe odumile othi, "Ngicabanga, ngalokho ngiphakamisile khona", isibe cleaner ebalulekile isiko European. Ngokungafani medieval isiphetho engokwasezulwini noma ukugqilazwa endulo, isigaba zanamuhla ukuthuthukiswa isiko libhekene, njengoba sekuphawuliwe kakade, a anthropocentrism olukhulu, ngaphansi lapho inhlangano ingekho enye ukwesekwa kanye nenqubomgomo yolwazi, kodwa yena. Ngakho, kusukela phansi indoda wangqongqoza zonke inhlabathi. umsebenzi compensatory enqubeni uqobo kuthatha intando ongacimekiyo amandla ukulawula, lusekelwe esisekelweni ka indlela yesayensi. Ndawonye, zonke lezi zici yilezi: subjectivism, rationalism futhi scientism elilandelayo eyodwa - kukhona impendulo yombuzo othi "iziphi izici esigabeni samanje yentuthuko isiko."

Mathesis

Ngaphansi Mathesis waqonda umfuziselo enjalo yokucabanga kanye cognition, okuyinto wagxila ikakhulu ku-apharathasi zezibalo. Yile mfanelo ngakho sici sengqondo entsha yaseYurophu. Kubalulekile ukugqamisa ekhethekile, ngoba nakuba ngokwanele uchaza okushiwo scientism European, kodwa akugcini ngabo. Ngokukhazimulayo njengelanga enkulumweni yesayensi, Mathesis ebonakaliswa zonke izici zokuphila yomuntu European, ngisho nalabo lapho ukubala ezibonakala zezibalo okungalungile. Isibonelo esimangalisayo lena umkhakha ubuhle, okuyinto eqinisekisiwe futhi umqondo zifane lobuhle enhle baphelelwa aura we irrationality kanye isici esingokomoya futhi uye waba isihloko ukukhiqizwa futhi into wezohwebo emakethe ubudlelwane. Nobuhle saphela kubalulekile, ngo-ejulile izinga lomuntu ziphenduka into kungenziwa kahle esakhiwe usebenzisa izibalo eliqinisekisiwe ukudla, ukuvivinya umzimba, amakhemikhali ukuhlinza. Ngakho, sekuyinto ovikelekile kakhulu, kuncike nemingcele futhi namazinga athile.

expansionism

Isigaba ekhona ekuthuthukisweni isiko futhi ebonakala kwezinye expansionism. Lokhu isici uye wakuvumela ukuba babe manje Paradigm ehola ethi isisekelo synthesis empucukweni yomhlaba. Ivela, kuba okokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu, nguJesu nocezu zezombusazwe kokuphila komphakathi, kodwa hhayi kuphela. Isibonelo okuphawuleka eziphikelelayo enkolweni amasonto Western Christian, ukusabalala onobuhle kwezomnotho Western namagugu emphakathini obuswa ngentando yeningi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukunwetshwa isiko European akugcini nezinye, umphakathi-non-European, kodwa futhi emhlabeni njengoba enjalo. Elimibalabala ukuthi ziklele sengqondo Western sibonisa ubudlelwane nemvelo, libhekene ukuvikela amalungelo abathengi kanye isifiso esisuka kucabangela izinzuzo zalo siqu, okuvame ukuholela nemiphumela eyinhlekelele -. Ukubhujiswa izilwane nezitshalo ngokunganaki, Ukuwohloka izidubedube, ukungcoliswa kwendawo ezungezile, njll Ngeshwa, lesi simo sengqondo kancane kancane unqobe emazweni amaningi European owayephethe Paradigm amasiko alo ngokuthuthukisa ukuqwashisa kwemvelo, isici egcwele Russian p kwamasiko a nd. Ubuningi doti eduze nhlobo isiRashiya idolobha ihlathi epaki izindawo liyazikhulumela, kanye nokuzingelwa kwezilwane, izinga emthethweni ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi kanye nohlaka lomthetho kulesi sici libhekene i nandaba cishe ngokuphelele.