Isicelo se-acetylene. Welding nge-acetylene

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi i-acetylene isetshenziswa kuphi, kubalulekile ukutadisha nokuqonda ukuthi kuyini. Lesi sici igesi elinokutsha, elingenambala. I-formula yayo yamakhemikhali yi-C ₂ H ₂ . Igazi linomthamo we-athomu elilingana no-26.04. Ilula kancane kunomoya futhi inephunga elimnandi. Ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwe-acetylene kwenziwa kuphela ezimweni zezimboni. Lesi sitho sitholakala ku- calcium carbide ngokudiliza ingxenye emanzini.

Kuyini i-acetylene eyingozi

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-acetylene kunciphise izakhiwo zayo ezingavamile. Le gazi ishisa. Lokhu kwenzeka ekushiseni kwe-335 ° C, futhi ingxube yayo ne-oksijini ekushiseni kwe-297 kuya ku-306 ° C, emoyeni ekushiseni kuka-305 kuya ku-470 ° C.

Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi i-acetylene iqhuma ngokweqile. Lokhu kwakuyilapho:

1. Ukwandisa izinga lokushisa kuya ku-450-500 ° C, futhi futhi ekucindezelekeni kuka-150-200 kPa, elilingana ne-1.5-2 atmospheres.
2. Ingxube ye-acetylene ne-oksijeni engcindezini yomoya nayo iyingozi, uma i-acetylene iqukethe ama-2.3-93%. Ukuqhuma kungavela ekushiseni okunamandla, amalangabi avulekile ngisho nasezinhlathini.
3. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo, ukuqhuma kwengxube yomoya ne-acetylene kwenzeka uma iqukethe 2.2-80.7% i-acetylene.
4. Uma igesi lixhumene nento yethusi noma yesiliva isikhathi eside, khona-ke ingakhi yesiliva noma ithusi eqhumayo i-acetylenic. Lesi sici siyingozi kakhulu. Ukuqhuma kungavela emthonjeni oqinile noma ngenxa yokwanda kwamazinga okushisa. Ukusebenza negesi kufanele kube ngokucophelela.

Izici zomuthi

I-Acetylene, izakhiwo kanye nesicelo esingafundiwe ngokugcwele, kungaholela engozini kanye nokubhujiswa okukhulu ngenxa yokuqhuma. Nazi ezinye idatha. Ekuqhumeni kwekhilimu eyodwa yalesi sici, kukhishwa izikhathi ezingu-2 ezingaphezu kwamandla okushisa ngaphandle kokuqhuma kwesilinganiso esifanayo se-TNT, futhi izikhathi eziphindwe izikhathi nesigamu ngaphezu kokuqhuma kwekhiligramu eyodwa ye-nitroglycerin.

Izindawo zokusebenzisa i-acetylene

I-Acetylene yigesi elivuthayo elisetshenziswa ekufakweni kwegesi. Ngokuvamile lisetshenziselwa ukusika oksijini. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi izinga lokushisa lokushisa lomxube we-oxygen ne-acetylene lingama-3300 ° C. Ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo, into ejwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukukhwelisa. I-Acetylene ngokuvamile ishintshwa igesi yemvelo kanye ne-propane-butane. I-substance inikeza ukukhiqizwa nokukhishwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu.

Ukunikezwa kwegesi yokusika nokwehlisa kungenziwa ekhiqiza ye- acetylene noma ku-cylinders ene-acetylene. Ukugcinwa kwalesi sici, iziqukathi ezimhlophe zivame ukusetshenziswa. Njengomthetho, banombhalo oqoshiwe othi "i-Acetylene", obhalwe ngopende olubomvu. Kuyafaneleka ukucabangela ukuthi kukhona iGOST 5457-75. Ngokwale dokhumenti yokucubungula izinsimbi ezisetshenziselwa ubuchwepheshe be-acetylene B encibilikisiwe yobuchwepheshe noma i-substance efomini eligesi.

I-Acetylene welding: ukuqinisekisa

Ubuchwepheshe bokushisa nale gazi kulula. Kodwa-ke, uma usebenza ngento, ukubekezela nokulalela kuyadingeka. Ukuze kusetshenziswe welding, kusetshenziselwa ukushisa okhethekile, ngokubeka uphawu 0-5. Ukuzikhethela kwayo kuxhomeke ekubuneni kwezingxenye ezimele zifakwe. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi inkulu ubukhulu bomshini, izinga eliphezulu lokugeleza.

I-Acetylene welding yenziwa kuphela emva kokuba imishini ihlolwe futhi ihlelwe. Ngokwenza kanjalo, phawula inombolo yephophu nenombolo ye-injection yegesi, eseduze nesibambo sishisayo ngaphansi komboni. Futhi hlola zonke izimpawu.

Inqubo yokudonsa

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-acetylene ekufakweni kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela futhi ngokuhambisana nemithetho ethile. Ukuze uqale, ukushisa kumele kuhlanjululwe ngegesi. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kuze kube khona iphunga le-acetylene. Ngemuva kwalokho, igesi igwetshiwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-oksijeni kufanele ifakwe kuze kube yilapho ilangabi lizoqina. Kusukela ku-reducer ekuphumeni, ukucindezela kwe-acetylene kufanele kube kusuka ema-atmospheres angu-2 kuya kwangu-4, ne-oksijini evela ema-atmospheres amabili.

I-flame engathathi hlangothi iyadingeka ekwenzeni i-welding ferrous metals. Inomqhele ocacisiwe kahle futhi ingahlukaniswa izingxenye ezintathu ezikhanyayo: ingqikithi ibhakabhaka ekhanyayo ngendwangu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ilangabi elibuyiselwe liluhlaza oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amalangabi omlilo. Izindawo ezimbili zokugcina zingabasebenzi.

Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi, zonke izingxenye kufanele zihlanzwe, bese zilungiswa komunye nomunye. Lapho usebenza ne-burner, izindlela zesobunxele nezokudla nazo zisetshenziswa. Esikhathini esilandelayo, i-joint iyancipha kancane kancane. Izinto zokugcwalisa, njengomthetho, zihamba ngemuva kwesibisi. Ngendlela yesokunxele, ukuqina nokuqina komswakama kwanda. Kulokhu, ilangabi liyathunyelwa kusuka endaweni yokulondoloza. Izinto zokugcwalisa kufanele zengezwe echibini lomsele ngemuva kokushisa kwesibhamu.

Imithetho yokuphepha

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-acetylene ngaphandle kwamakhono nolwazi kungavunyelwe. Kunemithetho eminingana okufanele ibonwe lapho isebenza ngento:

1. Okuqukethwe kwe-acetylene ekamelweni emoyeni kufanele kuhlolwe njalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa amadivaysi othomathikhi asebenzayo akwazi ukwazisa mayelana nokuhlushwa okweqile kwegesi. Le nkomba akufanele ibe ngaphezu kuka-0.46%.
2. Izindawo zokusebenzisa i-acetylene zihluke kakhulu, kepha ngokuvamile zijwayele ukuxilongwa. Ukunakekela kufanele kuthathwe uma usebenzisa ama-cylinders agcwele leli gazi elithile. Kuvinjelwe ukubeka iziqukathi eduze kwamalangabi avulekile noma izinhlelo zokushisa eziseduzane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvunyelwe ukusebenza nge-cylinders esesimweni esinqunyiwe, futhi futhi uma ingagcinwa futhi ingalungile.
3. Uma usebenza ne-acetylene, sebenzisa amathuluzi okungewona okwehla, izinto zokusebenza kagesi nokukhanyisa izibani.
4. Uma ukuvuza kwe-acetylene kusuka ku-cylinder kwenzeka, i-valve yesitsha kufanele ivalwe ngokushesha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa ukhiye okhethekile ongawuqali. Thola ukuthi ukuvuza kungenziwa umsindo noma iphunga.

Okufanele ukwenze uma kukhona umlilo

Ukusetshenziswa okungalungile kwe-acetylene kungaholela emiphumeleni embi. Le gesi iqhuma futhi ibangele ukubhujiswa okukhulu. Yini okufanele uyenze uma kukhona umlilo?

1. Uma kwenzeka umlilo, wonke amathangi agcwele i-acetylene kufanele asuswe masinyane endaweni engozini. Lezo zindilinga eziye zahlala zifanele zihlale zihlile ngamanzi ajwayelekile noma zakhiwe ngokukhethekile. Amathangi kumele aphephe ngokuphelele.
2. Uma igesi eliphuma ku-cylinder livaliwe, bese uvala ngokushesha isitsha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa ikhi elingenayo ukukhipha. Ngemuva kwalokho, isitsha kufanele sikhanyiswe.
3. Uma kwenzeka umlilo omkhulu, cima umlilo kuphela ukusuka kude. Esimweni esinjalo kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izicima umlilo ezigcwala ukwakheka okuqukethe ukuhlushwa kwe-nitrogen ye-nitrogen ye-70% ngevolumu, kanye ne- carbon dioxide ka- 75% ngevolumu, isanti, ama-jets amanzi, i-nitrogen enomshini, i-asbestos indwangu nokunye.