I-Lichterovoz "Sevmorput": izici nezithombe

Umkhumbi weSoviet we-lightweight Sevmorput yi-icebreaker yezokuthutha ehlomelelwe uhlelo lwe-athomu lwamandla kagesi le-KLT-40. Umkhumbi ungomunye wezilinganiso ezine ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezihloselwe ukusebenza okungezona ezempi ngeyunithi yenyukliya. Ukuthutha nokuthuthukiswa kwezokuthutha eLeningrad (1978, i-CDB "Baltsuproject"). Ngokuhlelwa kukahulumeni we-USSR, umkhumbi wakhiwe eKerch ku-Zaliv Combine. Yabekwa ngoNovemba 1984, eyaqala ngoFebruwari 1986. Ukuqaliswa okusemthethweni komkhumbi kwenzeka ngo-1988.

Umlando wendalo

I-Likhterovoz I-Severmorput yiyona kuphela isitsha seprojekthi engu-10081. Kwakuhlelwe ukuthi kwakhiwe indawo efanayo yokubhukuda, kodwa ukuwa kweSoviet Union kwaphazamisa ukuvalwa komsebenzi ku-KB "Zaliv". Umkhumbi ocatshangelwayo uhloswe ukuthutha izimpahla ezihlukahlukene nge-container indlela eya ezindaweni ezikude ezisenyakatho zezwe. Ukunciphisa umkhumbi eqhweni kwenziwa nge-thickness kuze kube mitha eyodwa.

Phakathi nokuhlolwa kokuqala, i-Severmorput Lighter yaqhutshwa emgwaqweni womhlaba wonke eduze komgwaqo we-Odessa-Vietnam-Vladivostok-DPRK. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lo mkhumbi ungasebenza emanzini afudumele. Ukusebenza okulandelayo kwalowo mkhumbi kwenziwa engxenyeni ye-Murmansk-Dudinka-Murmansk. Ngo-2007, ochwepheshe beRostekhnadzor bavivinya ukufakwa kwezikhali zenuzi. Ekuphetheni, kuthiwa imishini ihlangabezana nezimfuneko zokulawula futhi inikeza ukuphepha kwemisebe.

Ngo-Agasti wonyaka ofanayo, iNkampani yaseMurmansk Shipping yamemezela ukuthi ukuguqulwa komkhumbi wesikhumbi kube yisitsha sokubhukuda. Ngokusho kohlelo lokuvuselela kabusha, umsebenzi wokulungisa kabusha isitsha kufanele wenze ngonyaka nonyaka. Isizathu esiyinhloko salesi sinqumo kwakuyizinga eliphansi lokukhokha ekusetshenzisweni kwabathwali bokukhanya. Lolu hlelo aluhlosiwe ukuthi lwenzeke. Ebusika ngo-2008, iphrojekthi yokuvuselela kabusha imisiwe, futhi isitsha sathunyelwa emandleni omunye opharetha.

Amaqiniso anentshisekelo

Ngomnyaka ka-2008 (Agasti), i-Severmorput lighter ekugcineni yathunyelwa ezinqoleni ze-Atomflot ezinqoleni zezinkliya. Ekwindla yonyaka ozayo, umqondisi jikelele wenkampani uVr. Ruksha uthe lesi sitsha asikho emsebenzini. Uma isimo samanje senzeke ngokuqhubekayo, kuzodingeka sinikezwe ukuxoshwa. Futhi lokhu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amandla akhe okwenzayo ngaleso sikhathi ayengaphansi kweminyaka engaphansi kwengu-15.

Amadokhumenti asemthethweni akhombisa ukuthi izitshalo zenuzi kumele zigcine ukuphela ngasekupheleni kuka-2012, ekuqaleni kuka-2013. Kakade ngoJuni 2013 insimbi yamandla enyukliya yomkhumbi yayigcwele ngokuphelele. Ngalesi sikhathi, isikebhe asipheli ngesikebhe esibuzwayo. Ngokwesimiso soMqondisi Jikelele weRosatom S. Kiriyenko, ekupheleni kuka-2013 umsebenzi waqala ekubuyiselweni kwe-Severmorput ye-nyukliya. Amacebo afaka ukuqaliswa kokusebenza kokufakelwa kwe nyukliya, ukuthengwa nokulayishwa kwephethiloli efanele. Usuku oluhleliwe lokuthumela umkhumbi ngokugcwele ngokugcwele ngoMashi 2016. Umsebenzi oyinhloko womkhumbi ngekusasa ukuthuthukisa nokuthuthukisa ishalofu le-deposit ye-Pavlovsky. Njengoba umqondisi jikelele esho, umkhumbi uzoba udinga, ngoba izilinganiso zawo azitholakali.

Ukubuyekeza

Ukuqedwa komkhumbi kwakuhloswe ukufaka esikhundleni sezingxenye zemishini nezakhi zobunjiniyela. I-"Sevmorput" evuselelwe yayisikhanyisa, okwakuzobe ifakwe izikhwama ezimbili ezengeziwe, uhlelo olusha lokunakekelwa kwamanzi ahlanzekile, amapayipu amaningi anesimiso kanye namayunithi okumpompa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakukhona isiteshi se-radar samanje. Izindleko zamanje zanamuhla ngaleso sikhathi zaziyi-ruble engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-55.

NgoNovemba 2015 isitsha sabuyela eMurmansk. Ngo-May 2016, umkhumbi wamanje wangena ohambweni lokuqala, oluya esiqhingini saseKotelny. Emkhunjini womkhumbi kwakukhona izinto zokwakha nokudla. Ngomzuzu wokugcina, i-icebreaker ethi "Sevmorput" iyona kuphela eyisibonelo esenzayo ekilasini, esetshenziselwa injini yeyunithi yamandla e-athomu.

Ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe

Ngezansi imingcele esemqoka yohlelo lobuchwepheshe lomkhumbi olubuzwayo:

• Umkhiqizi yi-Kerch Shipyard.
• Unyaka wokwakha - 1988.
• Ukufuduka - amathani ayizigidi ezingu-61,8.
• Ubude / ububanzi / ukuphakama - 260/32/18 amamitha.
• Uhlaka luyi-1180 mm.
• Isikhungo samandla ukufakwa kwe nyukliya GTZA-684 OM5.
• Isibonakaliso samandla singamahhashi angu-39.4 000.
• Isilawuli - ukuguqula okuguquguqukayo nama-four blades.
• Umkhawulo wejubane ungama-21 amajethi ngehora.
• Umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo - 74 ukukhanya noma iziqukathi eziyizinyawo ezingu-20.

Incazelo

Isiqhumane se-nyukliya "Sevmorput" yisitsha sezinyoni ezingasetshenziselwa ukuhamba ngezinyawo esenzelwe ukuthutha izinhlobo ezahlukene zempahla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlinzekwa kwabo kuhlinzekwa ngisho nangaphandle kokungabikho, ukulayishwa nokulayishwa kokuthuthwa kwempahla kwenziwa, lapho kwenzeka ukuthi imikhumbi ingakwazi ukungena echwebeni ngenxa yesikhulumi esikhulu.

Umkhumbi obhekene nawo unomthamo wamathani angaba ngu-300, ngenxa yesikhwama esinqunyiwe, kungenzeka kube emanzini ngokuzimela, njengebhageji. Uhlaka oluphansi lukuvumela ukuba udonsa izithuthi ngokuseduze nolwandle ngangokunokwenzeka ngosizo lomugudu ofanelekile.

Ukuyingqayizivele komkhumbi kuwukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi usebenza ngaphandle kokutholakala kwemifula ejulile yolwandle. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba ulethe izimpahla ezindaweni ezingahlomele ngokuphelele izinjongo ezinjalo. I-hold and decks of the umkhumbi ivumela ukuthuthwa kweziqukathi ezingafika ku-74, ezifakwa emgodini okhethekile emigqeni emibili. Ukusebenzisa ukukhishwa okuqondile, idivaysi yokulayisha ilungisa ama-lighters ngokuqinile. Impahla ihanjiswa emanzini nge-aft ingxenye. Uma kunesidingo, ukulayishwa kungenziwa ngaphandle kokumisa umkhumbi.

Iyunithi yamandla

I-Lichterovoz "Sevmorput", isithombe esinikezwe ngenhla, ifakwe ukufakwa kwamandla okuvumela isikhathi esingenamkhawulo endleleni. I-unit enkulu ye-atomic ikhiqiza isithambile, futhi iqhubhisa i-turbine. Njengenjini yokusekela iyinjini ye-diesel, iyashisa ukushisa futhi ikhipha amathani angama-50 wesitimu ngehora.

Umkhumbi wemikhumbi unamakhemikhali amathathu ama-turbine, amandla angu-1700 kW, kanye nama-analogue aphuthumayo amahlanu, amandla angu-1400 kW. Umkhumbi unesipelingi esine-pitch eguquguqukayo, eyenza sikwazi ukuyivikela ekuqhekekeni lapho ama-blade eshaywa ngokumelene neqhwa elikhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, incinerator yamakhokliya enamandla angama-kilogram ayi-50 ngehora inikezwa emkhunjini we-nyukliya. Kukhona nesistimu yokuhlanza nokucwiliswa kwe-ice ice, okunikeza ukuhlala okuzimele kwabasebenzi. Ithimba linikeza i-sauna, ichibi lokubhukuda, i-gym, amakamelo ahlukene.

Umlando wanamuhla

I-Likhterovoz "Sevmorput", izici zazo ezinikezwe ngenhla - yilo kuphela umkhumbi emhlabeni ohlonyelwe ukufakwa kwe-athomu. Umkhumbi wempahla uchithe isikhathi esiningi endaweni yokupaka (kusukela ngo-2007 kuya ku-2013). Kodwa-ke, umkhumbi awuzange wehlelwe phansi, kodwa wagcwalisa ngempumelelo ukuhlolwa ngemva kweminyaka emibili yokulungisa. Ngemuva kokuphothulwa kwedokodo kanye namachabini, kuhlelwe ukuthi kutholakale indlela yokusebenza eyenziwe yesikhukhula esiphethe amandla enuzi. Ngokusho kochwepheshe basekhaya nabangaphandle, i-Sevmorput iyinhlangano yangempela yekhulu lama-21.

Umkhumbi wamiswa ngo-1988, uyakwazi ukuhlinzekela ngokugcwele ukulethwa kwenyakatho ensimini ye-Arctic yaseRussia. Manje ukukhanya kwezokuthutha sekulungele ukuhamba ngezinyawo, ngakho-ke isisetshenziswa saso sizokwenza eminyakeni engaphansi kwengu-15.

Ekuphethweni

Ukusetshenziswa komphakathi kwabaphathi be-light liqala ukuthuthukisa ngokugcwele ema-70s ekhulwini lokugcina. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuqaliswa kokuthuthukiswa kwezindlela ezihamba phambili ze-polar, kanye nokwethulwa kosizo lwabantu emazweni aswele. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokunciphisa ukusebenza kwemikhumbi enjalo kwakuwukuwa kwe-USSR nokuntuleka kokunikezwa kwamanye amazwe. Izisekelo zaseMpiya zaqedwa, futhi ukuhlolwa kwezinto zokudweba kwamapulazi asezindaweni ezikude ezisenyakatho kwaqedwa. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kuwo wonke umlando wenkonzo umkhumbi we-nyukliya u-Sevmorput uthumele amathani angaphezu kuka-1.5 million wempahla.