Ireland, Dublin. Maka-Ireland - isithombe. Dublin - Izikhangibavakashi

Northern Europe, kukhona ubuhle emangalisayo wezwe yayo - Ireland. Dublin - the dolobha ye-republic. Lo muzi ubizwa etholakala ekhelini confluence isayithi. Lofii ekhatsi Dublin Bay, esemgwaqweni Sea Irish. endaweni yaso lingana kuze fike neshumi nanhlanu amakhilomitha square. Dublin yilona port eyinhloko yezwe, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukhonza njengomPristi maphakathi ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe, kwezomnotho kanye namasiko of the State.

Umsuka igama

Kukholakala ukuthi igama elithi "Dublin" yavela ngenxa nokuhlanganiswa amagama amabili Irish - ". Abamnyama" "Dubh" futhi "Linn", okuyinto uhumusha njengoba "pool" futhi Nokho, abanye abacwaningi abathi ngokwezinga baye bangabaza kule nguqulo, okusikisela ukuthi igama inhlokodolobha sika kwamiswa kusukela zaseScandinavia izwi inhlanganisela «djup Lind» -. «Ezijulile emfudlaneni" Nokho, izazi-mlando eziningi zezilimi, inketho usengathi ecace kakhudlwana.

yesimanje Irish kanjani shayela idolobha labo ngolimi lwabo lwendabuko? Baile Atha Cliath. Uma lihunyushwa, kusho "isiphetho ngesikhathi ezibukweni." Lesi sihloko eside ngokuvamile Limiselelwe isifinyezo nina. Emzini esine okuxubile okufushane Anglo-Irish kwegama belingana ne-Irish bomdabu.

Imininingwane zomlando

Ancient ukuthi kuleli zwe - Ireland? Dublin, isibonelo, 140 BC kakade kwaba isiphetho agcwele Celtic ne sezindela. Kamuva waba inqaba emibuso zaseScandinavia esiqhingini. Ngo 902, amaViking axoshwe Dublin, kanye nabantu bomdabu, kodwa Scandinavians abangalawuleki babuyela ezweni owakhiwe 917 Ngo 1014 impi Clontarf, lapho amaCelt eholwa inkosi yabo Brian Boru wahlasela Viking ibutho. party ayenqotshiwe banamathela Inqubomgomo ukuthula izivumelwano nemifelandawonye ngokuvumela amaViking isinqumo emazweni awo alandelayo namakhulu eminyaka amathathu.

Ephakathi

Ngo 1169 ke wahlaselwa amabutho uHenry II Plantagenet Ireland. Dublin ngenxa ukunqoba laba bahlaseli waba siphephelo uhulumeni waseBrithani. Ngenxa ukuqashelwa uPapa, uHenry II ezamenyezelwa uJehova Ireland, Newcastle edolobheni lakho lebukhosi. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1171. Khona-ke, abanqobi anglo-norman waqala ngenkuthalo amunca isiko lendawo, bafunde ulimi Irish namasiko. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, futhi waqala eduze, nakuba ayengafiki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuba nobuhlobo okulula phakathi kwezinhlelo Irish kanye nesiNgisi.

ikoloni

Tudor uye wafuna ukuqiniseka ukuthi walalela zonke Ireland. Dublin njengoba idolobha elikhulu walesi siqhingi kwakungumbusi okunabileko.

Ngo-1592, ngenxa yemizamo ye-Queen Elizabeth the Okokuqala, enhlokodolobha yase ekolishi "Ziqu-zintathu" yasungulwa. Yena wayengumbulali esikoleni amaProthestani i izikhulu Irish. Dublin kwamaqembu abacebe wenqaba bafundise izingane zabo lapho. Kunalokho, izikhulu zendawo inzalo okuphephile waya izikole zamaKatolika kulelivekati.

Ngemva kwalokho, iziphathimandla zaseBrithani wenza izinguquko eziningi ukuze abeke iningi lamaKatolika izimfuneko zawo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, okuthiwa British entsha baba umgogodla ekuphathweni wezwe. Lesi simo uyalandelwa kuze yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye.

Esikhathini 1640s, izinkulungwane amaProthestani wabalekela Dublin. Inhlokodolobha Kwase kusele kancane wokuvukela. Ukungahlaliseki wagwenywa, kodwa amaKatolika ngihlalé eziyivelakancane.

izici Physiographic

Dublin Modern ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili cishe kulingana - nasenyakatho naseningizimu - emfuleni Liffey. Ngulona logeleta usuke entshonalanga uye empumalanga futhi agelezela oLwandle Irish. Umfula isikhathi eside esizicabangelayo njengezaba isithiyo ngenxa waterlogging ezinzima ingxenye esentshonalanga nomlomo. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka ambalwa, le nkinga yaxazululeka sibonga ukugcwaliswa kwamaxhaphozi ube ukuqina lokhutsele embankments. Okwamanje, kukhona ukuthambekela ukuthi siphakamise izinga yamanzi Liffey.

idatha zezulu

Ingabe isimo sivune Dublin? Capital libhekene izinguquko ezincane lokushisa, ubusika bakhona abubandi ehlobo cool. Olufudumele ngo-June nango-July. Lina ekhatsi Dublin mayelana ezimbili izikhathi ngaphansana Western Ireland, futhi kuyafana eLondon. Ngokuvamile lina ngo-August no-December. nesomiso kakhulu, ngokuvamile ngo-Ephreli. Imvula yonyaka isezingeni 762 mm. Lena esingaphansi, isibonelo, e-New York, eSydney noma Dallas.

ibalazwe Geographic of Dublin ikuvumela ukuba ubone ukuthi Lidolobha latitude okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, enhloko-dolobha ehlobo kungaba ukukhanya amahora nesishiyagalolunye ngosuku, futhi ebusika - ngaphambi nje kokuba ayisishiyagalolunye.

Umuzi ingenye nephephile ngokuya izinhlekelele zemvelo. Wayengasabi ka-tsunami, ukuzamazama komhlaba, iziphepho kanye neziphepho. Ekhatsi Dublin ngezinye izikhathi wavele imimoya enamandla kanye gusty, kodwa Ireland uhlushwa kubo okuningi nakwamanye amadolobha.

Ochwepheshe baye baphawula lokushisa umehluko encane phakathi nendawo futhi emaphethelweni enhloko-dolobha. Ngakho, ngo-enkabeni yedolobha ukuze degrees ezimbili noma ezintathu ukufudumala. Enomoya ngoDisemba, ngoJanuwari noFebhuwari. Esikhathini kusuka November kuya ku-April iqhwa ingase iwe, kodwa ngokuvamile liyancibilika ezinsukwini ezine kuya kweziyisihlanu. Nokuduma ezingajwayelekile, ngokuvamile ehlobo.

amandla uhlelo

Umuzi ngaphansi kokulawulwa Dublin City Council. Lokhu umzimba ummeleli. Ukukhethwa kwamalunga enkulu njalo emva kweminyaka emihlanu. Esikhundleni uMkhandlu ungase ufanelekele abameleli kokubili umphakathi kanye namaqembu ezepolitiki. Kuyinto isitho elikhulu abaphathi bakaMasipala zonke-Ireland. UMkhandlu ubukene nekuchibiyela izikweletu, ilawula isabelo semali sikaMasipala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-focus endaweni yayo - ikhwalithi imigwaqo, amanzi kanye nempilo yomphakathi. A uyisihluthulelo zomzimba - lemenenja yedolobha. Ihhovisi Central itholakala isakhiwo phezu yashayisa unqenqema eningizimu. Liffey eduze maphakathi nenhloko-dolobha.

Umnotho, ingqalasizinda

I entsha yeminyaka yaletha nokwanda okuphawulekayo enhlalakahleni abakhileyo of Republic of Ireland. Dublin (isithombe leli dolobha elihle ethulwa esihlokweni) kule ndaba iyathinteka. Manje kuthatha indawo nesithupha kule simo lamadolobha amadala kakhulu eqolo emhlabeni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo inkokhelo futhi phakathi eliphakeme.

Igatsha esemqoka yedolobha ukuthi emakhulwini amaningana eminyaka uthuthuva. A foamy isiphuzo owaziwa Guinness ukwenziwa e Dublin kusukela 1759. Okwamanje ku-dolobha usebenza izinhlangano eziningi zezimboni onguchwepheshe imikhiqizo eyenza imithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ehola izinkampani wahlanganyela ulwazi nobuchwepheshe, futhi, babe amahhovisi abo eDublin emaphandleni ezizungezile. Phakathi lezi zidlakela-Google, i-Microsoft, i-PayPal, i-Amazon, futhi Yahoo!. Inkampani Hewlett Packard futhi Intel ngumnikazi izimboni ezinkulu e Kidler County, elise amakhilomitha ayishumi nanhlanu entshonalanga yenhloko-dolobha.

Okusanda ekhatsi Dublin umnotho eminye kuqinisa isikhundla yasebhange. Ngakho, edolobheni ngempumelelo usebenza legatsha Commerzbank futhi Citibank.

Phakathi boom kwezomnotho kwaqina ukwakhiwa, futhi namuhla le ndawo kubhekwa umthombo oyinhloko imisebenzi. Noma kunjalo, ngo-2007 Dubliners abhekene nenkinga yokwesweleka kwemisebenzi ngenxa yokuthi isiphakamiso bekulokhu ngaphambi nesidingo emakethe yezabasebenzi. Namuhla, ngenkuthalo ukuhlola izindawo okuhlazisayo yezimboni edolobheni, kukhona inani elikhulayo izakhiwo ezahlukahlukene. Phakathi izinhlelo esikhathini esizayo esiseduze - ukwakhiwa esitimeleni.

Edolobheni kukhona ezine zemfundo ephakeme. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kubo - University of Dublin, kubuye kube omdala.

Emkhakheni isiko

Dublin - lapho kudabuka khona abantu abaningi abanamakhono. Izwe lonke uyazi ngabantu abadumile ozalwa kuleli dolobha. Phakathi kwabo kukhona Semyuel Bekket, George. George Bernard Shaw Uilyam Batler Yeyts, Dzhonatan Svift and Oskar Uayld futhi Bram Stoker. Nokho, futhi elalidume kunawo wonke Dublin sibonga lokusungula kaJakobe uJoyce. Ungomunye abasunguli yesimanjemanje ezincwadini. Portrait yomlobi kuyabonakala noma ngesikhathi bill, anamanci mahlanu. imisebenzi kaJoyce ugcwele imininingwane bezijabulisa kusukela izimpilo ababephila ngesikhathi sakhe owayehlala Dublin.

Enhloko-dolobha, wavula eNational Museum of heraldry. It yasungulwa eminyakeni engaphezu kweyikhulu edlule - ngo-1908, futhi ingenye iminyuziyamu endala kakhulu emhlabeni zezikhonzi efanayo. No kancane ezithakazelisayo kuba ukuvakashela Irish Museum of Art Modern.

Dublin. zokungcebeleka edolobheni

St Patrick Cathedral singesikhulu kunazo zonke kwezingu izakhiwo ezinjalo e-Ireland. Ngesinye isikhathi kwakuyizwi wesigodlo abadumile Dzhon Svift, owaba sibonga elidume umsebenzi wakhe ngokuthi "Travels Gulliver sika."

manje Dublin Castle siyindawo dislocation we uhulumeni isiqhingi. It lamiswao ngemiyalo yezikhulu King Ioanna Bezzemelnogo ukuze kuvikelwe ekuhlaselweni kwe-Normans. Le nqaba livulekele izivakashi, uma kungenziwanga babeqhuba imihlangano uhulumeni ezibalulekile.

"Spire of Dublin" kuyinto yezakhiwo okubusa idolobha. Lesi sithombe esiyisikhumbuzo iyabonakala kusukela cishe zonke amaphuzu yenhloko-dolobha. Umklamo we "inaliti" ilula: at 121 metres esinyuka kancane kancane tapering steel Spire.

Dublin Territory Botanical Garden iyamangalisa ngempela: ku esingamahektare amabili nanhlanu zingaphezu amabini anamahlanu amawaka ezihlukahlukene flora kusuka iplanethi. Le ndawo ngenhlonipho ukubizwa ngokuthi inhliziyo eluhlaza okotshani kwedolobha Dublin.

Okubonwayo yenhloko-dolobha akugcini lapho. Indawo lusetshenziswa sihambahamba Dubliners njalo ngokuthi Garden of Remembrance. Kukhona isikhumbuzo ikhumbule labo abanikela ukuphila kwabo ngenxa inhlalakahle kanye ukuzimela kunokuthula kulesi siqhingi. Naphezu imbangela ngokulwa ka, le ndawo igcwele yobukhazikhazi zemvelo ukuphila-evuma.

I zoo wendawo ungajabulela njengoba izilwane ezivamile zendawo abameleli ezingavamile nezilwane. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abasebenzi kulesi sikhungo nakanjani ukusekela sekulingisa olwenzeka endaweni yemvelo kakhulu ezigcemeni zabo.

izindlela ukunyakaza

inethiwekhi ezokuthutha Metropolitan imelelwa ngesivinini izitimela kagesi namabhasi. Intengo ithikithi luyehluka kuye isikhathi uhambo futhi uhla 1.65-4.3 euro. On ukudayiswa kukhona amathikithi ukuthi abavumelekile ku izitimela namabhasi. Njengomthetho, umsebenzi ezokuthutha ezisemadolobheni iqala ngo lesithupha ekuseni luphele seligamenxe eleshumi nanye ebusuku. Phakathi nenkathi kaKhisimusi, le nkathi singase siwathole ngabaphethe wendawo.

isixhumanisi

Indlela yokuxhumana ngaphansi kwezimo komuzi kuyahlangabezana nezindinganiso elawula kunazo kanye nenqubo. Ngo ezihlukahlukene imishini yocingo wedolobha, kanye zemali ungakwazi ukukhokha nge ikhadi lasebhange. Nokho, kudinga ngocingo amakhadi ezikhethekile abiza ishibhile ukuthenga kubo ezitolo ezinkulu, zonke newsagents kanye iziteshi ngophethiloli.

ukuxhumana Ucingo sinqamule isiqhingi usebenza GSM ejwayelekile. Nale isevisi kuzula atholakale iningi izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe. Alternative - ukuthenga i-Irish le-SIM. Ethandwa kakhulu opharetha wendawo - O2-Vodafone.

Phuma ukuze World Wide Web angaba yinoma imuphi umnyango enkulu zokuxhumana noma esitolo inthanethi.

uphawu isimo

Ireland Flag (izithombe kungabonwa ngezansi) kuyinto panel ehlanganisa amaviyo amathathu. Basuke ababethi imibala ezilandelayo: emhlophe - maphakathi, oluhlaza - onqenqemeni umkhonto, orange - unayo khulula. Kulokhu, umbala kuqala elifanekisela ubuhlobo obunokuthula emkhatsini izinkolo, kwesibili - amaKatolika, eyesithathu - amaProthestani. Ngokokuqala ngqá ifulegi isinyathelo, njengoba iwuphawu kazwelonke ngo-1916. Khona-ke lwaso lwaphakanyiswa phezu eposini dolobha phakathi ekugubheni amaholidi ePhasika.

Dublin isikhathi

Minyaka yonke yezwe ithela isikhathi emini-kokulondoloza. Umcibisholo ngenkathi ukuguquguquka ihora phambili. Ngakho, kukhona ukuphambuka kusuka GMT imizuzu ayisithupha. Ngo-2014, kwathatha senzeka ngo-March 30 kuya ku-Okthoba 26 Dubliners izohumusha imicibisholo iwashi ayesendlini ngehora.

isiphetho

Ngenhla uye wachaza ngokuningiliziwe inhloko-dolobha yaleli lizwe amahle European like Ireland. Isiqhingi ibalazwe, ifulege nezimpawu zomhlaba ziboniswa ngaphezu izithombe. Sithemba ukuthi uhambo olubonakalayo eye yakusiza ngayo yakha umbono ngaleli dolobha.