Cape Canaveral. Eduzane Stars

Cape Canaveral, Florida - nansi main ukudedeleka pad BaseMpumalanga rocket ububanzi - isikhala main wase-United States ne-port.

phakathi umoba

Fikile ngekhulu le-16 ogwini Florida, baseYurophu awunika igama lokuthi iCape Canaveral, okuyinto elihunyushwe esuka izindlela Spanish "emahlozini umoba." Ngemva ukuxoshwa lalolo hlanga - izizwe Indian timakua, Calusa futhi Seminole - kuxazululwe phezu emazweni Cape zihlakazeke amapulazi, ogwini - abadobi abaqoqi nezimfanzi.

Maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka eledlule, uhlelo abasafufusa ohlelweni American isikhala wathatha umhlabathi missile ukuhlolwa. Kusukela ngo-1948, saqala ukuba afeze umsebenzi kabusha esiteshini asolwandle "Banana River" (US Navy) futhi indalo osekelwe kuyo US Air Force base nokuhlolwa isikhungo. Indawo awuzange ekhethwe ithuba. labantu kwaphela futhi budebuduze Atlantic Ocean ukunciphisa ingozi emvelweni uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka ukuqalisa sub-esemkhathini.

Uma ukuthola Cape Canaveral (spaceport) kumephu, eshaywa kunalokho ongaphakeme latitude izindawo - 28 ˚ N Ukuze uqhathanise: Baikonur - 45 ˚ N Lokhu kuqinisekisa izinzuzo ezengeziwe:

• Ukuze kuzuzwe the velocity lokuqala cosmic usebenzisa energy kinetic ukuzungeza Earth.
• Ukwanda kunobukhulu bendawo Inkokhelo rocket-30%.
• Okokhelekayo umnotho ngoba okukhiphayo iyunithi orbit geostationary.

ukuqalisa lokuqala

Umkhumbi wokuqala ezimbili isigaba imoto kwethulwa isayithi eCape Canaveral wathumela esibhakabhakeni ngoJulayi 1950. Ukulekelela rocket imoto "Bumper 2" uvumela ukufinyelela irekhodi ngesikhathi ukuphakama - 400 km. Kodwa ukuzama ukuletha ku-orbit satellite lokuqala yokufakelwa ngo-December 1957 kushabalele - ukuqhuma amathangi fuel wabhubhisa rocket yenethiwekhi "Vanguard TV-3" amasekhondi amabili ngemuva kokuqala. Ngo-1958, ukusebenza ekutadisheni emkhathini ukwakha isisekelo esingokwesayensi futhi lobuchwepheshe kuye kwaholela okudalwe federal uhulumeni ejensi - NASA.

Ukusebenza endaweni kwethulwa eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi izici ezilimazayo wembula lokhu: Cape Canaveral ugcwele neziphepho eqinile futhi nokuduma. Kabili sokuqala izakhiwo abangu kancane libhujiswa izinhlekelele zemvelo, futhi ilungiselelo umbani kwadingeka Shell out i amashumi ezengeziwe wezigidi zamadola.

Cape Canaveral - Spaceport noma Force Base?

Ngo-1962, i-Ejensi kaZwelonke uqalile ekwakheni izakhiwo ayo kwethulwa, eyaziwa ngokuthi Launch Centre, futhi kusukela ngo-November 1963 (ngemuva kokubulawa umongameli 35 USA), base uqambe Kennedy Space Center. Sekukonke, iCape futhi lesi siqhingi elingumakhelwane Merritt Island, exhumene ngumuntu ingqalasizinda ezivamile elalakhiwe pads engaphezu kuka amathathu.

I cindezela ngokuvamile spaceport eCape Canaveral ibizwa ngokuthi, eqinisweni, izilinganiso ezingamakhulu amabili zokuphatha okuqondene ejensi kahulumeni ezahlukene. Zonke ukuqalisa Kwakuseshwa kuze 1965 sizindza Air Force. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke mission:

• Ukwethulwa kwe-satellite wokuqala American (1958).
• Eyokuqala sub-esemkhathini American (1961) nokuthethwa esemkhathini (1962) ukundiza astronaut.
• Ukwethulwa kwe-crew wokuqala American amabili (1964) kanye ezintathu (1968) abantu.
• Ucwaningo mayelana nezinto zasemkhathini sonozungezilanga interplanetary iziteshi othomathikhi.

Kusukela "Gemini" ukuze "okomkhathi"

inkanyezi phezulu oludumile Centre. Kennedy usethule uchungechunge mkhathi bavimba imigwaqo "Gemini" nge osomkhathi ezimbili ebhodini. Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange-12 isikhala izindiza zazenziwa kulolu hambo. Impumelelo main kwaba spacewalk astronaut E. White.

Cape Canaveral ephelezelwa ngendiza zezinkanyezi ovakashele satellite yemvelo Zomhlaba. Konke kuqala ukulungiselela uhlelo kanye nokuqaliswa indiza bavimba imigwaqo kanye kokwehla on enyangeni ( "Apollo") pads ekhiqizwa we Centre.

Ngakho, kakhulu, waqala uhambo lwabo kuya eduze-Earth trajectory ezinhlanu American "Shuttle" - mkhathi. Kusukela ngo-1981 kuya ku-2011, 135 izindiza zazenziwa. Kuthunyelwe ku-orbit 1.6 thous. Amathani payloads kanye nemishini, kwenziwe ucwaningo mass, ukulungisa kanye ukufakwa umsebenzi.

Namuhla futhi kusasa

Kusukela 2011, Cape Canaveral ithwala ukuqalisa bavimba imigwaqo. Mayelana ukuncipha uxhaso Lwezinhlelo isikhala ukusebenza isekelwa pads kwethulwa ezine kuphela. Ingxenye izakhiwo zalungiswa ethuthukiselwa ukusebenzisa abathwali entsha. Ngokwesibonelo, ukufakwa LC-39A (okokuqala kusukela ngo-2011) ilungiselela ukuthumela uchungechunge rocket Falcon 9FT isikhala. Februwari-Mashi 2017 ezintathu kuqale okuhleliwe.

Igebe izibopho kwezomnotho ne Russia ubiza ku umbuzo ezinye US amaphrojekthi lezinkanyezi. Sekuthanda ukuthuthukiswa nakakhulu ezimele isikhala ejensi. Ngakho, amaphrojekthi Dragon futhi Falcon-9 kusukela ehamba SpaceX yenkampani ukunciphisa ukwencika umkhakha phezu izingxenye ezivela eRussia. Khonamanjalo NPO "ENERGOMASH" waqinisekisa ukuzimisela yayo ukubeka U.S ingakapheli iminyaka emibili 14 rocket injini RD-181 ngesivumelwano waphetha ngaphambili.