Hellas sidilizwa. Kuyini "ekuqaleni impucuko European"?

IGrisi yasendulo ngephutha elibizwa ngokuthi isizinda sokucabanga impucuko European. Leli zwe elincane lunomthelela omkhulu ukuthuthukiswa bezigaba ezihlukahlukene kakhulu ukuphila komuntu. Ngokwesibonelo, izinganekwane isiGreki sasendulo kungukuthi elahlekile ngokuhlathulula ukusebenza kwawo namuhla. Njengoba ngalezo zinsuku, abasakwazi ngokucacile tikhombisa kwangaphakathi yomuntu, ubuhlobo phakathi kwabantu futhi amandla emvelo.

Lisho ukuthini "Hellas"

Enye igama lapho amaGreki ngokuthi ezweni lawo - Greece. Kuyini "Hellas", yini ukubaluleka endowed leli gama? Iqiniso lokuthi yilokhu amaGreki ngokuthi ezweni lenkaba yawo. AmaGreki amaGreki ngokuthi amaRoma asendulo. Kuhunyushwe kusuka "ngesiGreki" ngolimi lwabo kusho "croaking". Ngokusobala, lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi amaRoma asendulo akakuthandanga umsindo ulimi amaGreki. Lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi igama lesiGreki "Hellas" kusho "Dawn."

Cradle of Europe amasiko

eyala amaningi, njengamasayithi imithi, ezombusazwe, ubuciko kanye nezincwadi, bazalelwa insimu yaseGrisi yasendulo. Ososayensi bayavumelana ngokuthi uma impucuko womuntu ayikwazanga ukwenzeka ngaphandle ukuthuthukiswa kolwazi yesimanje anawo eGrisi lasendulo ngesikhathi. Kwakuwusuku imiqondo lokuqala zefilosofi, nesebenzela zonke isayensi yamanje kwamiswa ku insimu yalo. Kube babekwa nezindinganiso ezingokomoya impucuko European. Abasubathi yaseGrisi basendulo Champions kuqala-Olympic. Imibono wokuqala mayelana nezwe - kokubili ezingokoqobo futhi angaphatheki - Kuye kwahlongozwa isazi sefilosofi yamaGreki asendulo-Aristotle.

Ancient Greece - okwazalelwa yobuciko nesayensi

Uma sithatha yiliphi igatsha wesayensi noma ubuciko, kuba ngandlela-thile ngeke uphinde ube nolwazi etholakala phakathi nesikhathi eGrisi lasendulo. A umnikelo omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni ulwazi zomlando senziwa ososayensi uHerodotus. Imisebenzi yakhe ziye enikelwe ekutadisheni izimpi yamaGreki WasePheresiya. Futhi iqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni wezibalo imfundiso Pythagoras futhi Archimedes. AmaGreki asendulo yasungulwa lenqwaba amadivayisi ezisetshenziswa ikakhulukazi nomkhankaso wempi.

Isithakazelo izazi zanamuhla futhi indlela yokuphila yamaGreki, eyayizoba Hellas ekhaya. Yini ophilayo ekuqaleni impucuko, it is ngokucace kakhulu echazwe umsebenzi enesihloko esithi "The Iliad." Lesi sithombe esiyisikhumbuzo, izincwadi, okuyinto uyasinda namuhla, uchaza izenzakalo ezingokomlando isikhathi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke amaGreki. Umsebenzi eyigugu kakhulu "Iliad" - lena empeleni lichaza izenzakalo.

intuthuko yesimanje kanye Hellas. Uyini "iwumthombo impucuko European"?

Enkathini yokuqala ukuthuthukiswa impucuko yamaGreki asendulo ngokomthetho ngokuthi iNkathi Emnyama Age. It ewela eminyakeni 1050-750 BC. e. Lesi yisikhathi lapho lachithwa isiko Mycenaean - wemiphakathi ephucuke ezinhle kakhulu, okuye kwaziwa ngokubhala. Nokho, incazelo "Dark Ubudala" kunalokho ibhekisela ukuntula ulwazi mayelana nalesi sikhathi, kunokuba nezenzakalo ezithile eziqondile. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umbhalo kakade lalahleka ngalesi sikhathi baqale ukukhombisa izakhiwo zezombusazwe futhi ngenxa yobuhle, okuyinto ine Hellas lasendulo. Phakathi nale nkathi, ekuqaleni seSimbi zikhona kakade prototypes of emadolobheni nasemazweni anamuhla. Greece has abaholi sebeqala Asebenza emiphakathini emincane. Inkathi entsha ekwelapheni kanye Umdwebo izitsha zobumba.

Ukuqala ukuthuthukiswa okusimeme isiko yamaGreki asendulo kubhekwe epics zikaHomer, okungokwendlela 776 BC. e. Zalotshwa ngosizo zamagama, okuyinto lathathwa abaseFenike Hellas. Meaning of izwi lokuthi uEmanuweli okungukuthi ngokuhunyushwa kokusa 'kulesi simo buyafaneleka: ekuqaleni ukuthuthukiswa isiko yamaGreki asendulo kuvumelana ukuzalwa isiko European.

I izimbali esikhulu kunazo zonke Hellas ihlangabezana inkathi ebizwa ngokuthi classical. Libhekisela eminyakeni 480-323 BC. e. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi wahlala zefilosofi ezifana uSocrates, uPlato, u-Aristotle, oSophocles Aristophanes. Kuba imisebenzi ebudisi sculptural. Baqala lekuveta ngayo simo zomzimba womuntu owujami, kodwa ashukumisayo. AmaGreki langaleso sikhathi ngikuthanda yokuzijwayeza, usebenzisa izimonyo ukwenza zezinwele.

Hellas Literary. Kuyini nhlekelele?

ukucabangela Hlukanisa kumele inikezwe ukuvela izinhlobo inhlekelele amahlaya, ephinde ebangela kwesikhathi classical emlandweni eGrisi lasendulo. Le nhlekelele ifinyelela isiqongo salo kule 5th ekhulwini BC. e. Kwezinsizi edume kakhulu lesi sikhathi kukhona imisebenzi oSophocles Aeschylus no-Euripides. Uhlobo zaqhamuka ziphuma kule emcimbini sibonisa Dionysus, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho kudlalwa izigcawu ezise nokuphila kukaNkulunkulu. Okokuqala idlalwe kule nhlekelele kuyinto umlingisi eyodwa nje. Ngakho, kokubili lapho kwazalelwa cinema yesimanje futhi Ellada. Lokhu (ukuthi siyazi yonke mlando) kuwubufakazi obengeziwe yokuthi umsuka isiko European Kufanele kufunwe endaweni yaseGrisi yasendulo.

Aeschylus wasungula umlingisi wesibili e yaseshashalazini, ngaleyondlela eba umdali inkulumompendulwano nesenzeko okukhulu. Ngo oSophocles inani elifanayo abadlali Usufike kakade ezintathu. Tragedy ukudalula ukushayisana yomuntu kanye isiphetho inexorable. Ebhekene nazo ungamandla angaphili eyayivamile semvelo nesomphakathi, protagonist aqaphele ukuthi iyini intando yonkulunkulu futhi wamlalela wakhe. AmaGreki ayekholelwa ukuthi injongo eyinhloko le nhlekelele - a-catharsis, noma ukuhlanzwa, okwenzeka lapho uzwela umbukeli heroes wakhe.