IRed Encwadi endaweni uVladimir: izitshalo nezilwane. Londoloza isimo

Ngo-2008, it yanyatheliswa okokuqala Red egwalweni uVladimir esifundeni. Izimila nezilwane zifakwe kuwo, liye yaqashelwa ngokomthetho njengezwe zilwane yokuqothulwa. Sokuphrinta yencwadi okwakhishwa ngo-2010

Kuhloswe hhayi kuphela Ochwepheshe kodwa futhi ukuba ezahlukene abafundi. Le ncwadi iqukethe uhlu kanye nencazelo emfushane kwezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingavamile yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene: isikhunta (10 zinhlobo), izitshalo (160 zinhlobo), izilwane (160 zinhlobo).

Flora nezilwane ezihlukahlukene endaweni

I izitshalo esifundeni wehlukile ngempela. It is ikakhulukazi emelelwa ehlathini enyakatho, ihlathi asemaqeleni zezinto eziphilayo Western Europe futhi eningizimu. Ezikhathini zasendulo, lapho nensimu ayesebuyela yeqhwa, kanye Kwathi marten, ibhange vole, polecat, lesiqophamithi oluhlaza. Eyayenziwe ke kwakwenzeka 30-40-yalolucwaningo we izingulube zasendle, okuyinto libhujiswa cishe ngokuphelele, kodwa ke abantu ibuyiselwe ngezithukuthuku izilwane amazwe. Ngakho-ke, i-Red egwalweni uVladimir esifundeni, izitshalo nezilwane zazo ezisengozini yokushabalala, kulokhu ngeke agcwaliswa izinhlobo ezintsha zezitshalo. Ngenxa yalokho komnikazi izitshalo coniferous baseSiberia ukusabalala onogwaja, amaphiva, grouse futhi intendele.

Izakhamuzi esivamile esifundeni kukhona izingwejeje, izimvukuzane ngisho ezihlukahlukene abamele namagundane. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke kubo - beaver, zaphumela naye isimo esifana yasendle. amadamu amaningi kwimfunda ukuthi ebusika ayigongobali kuya phansi, izimpilo muskrat.

Fungus kanye izitshalo

Okuvame kakhulu ezindaweni landscape amahlathi okuxubile. Evumayo esipholile sezulu yezwekazi inikeza ngezimo ekahle ukuthuthukiswa kanye nezitshalo nezilwane ezinhlobonhlobo. Leli hlathi imayelana 56% of the ndawo Imininingwane. Wabusa ikakhulukazi zikaphayini, sonwele kanye birch, amahlathi-oak zitholakala osebeni lomfula emfuleni. Ukuze ukwakheka kwabantu uVladimir esifundeni presents izipho best: ngokuchichima amakhowe, amajikijolo, izitshalo zokwelapha. flora Ubude kuhlanganisa 1370 zilwane, kuhlanganise 19 zezintaka ulele futhi wona 230 zilwane.

Zonke izitshalo encwadini zihlukaniswe cishe yokuqothulwa, ezisengozini, anda encishisiwe, ezingavamile, ngesimo ezisengcupheni futhi akuqinisekile. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ukunciphisa nesibalo izimo libhekisela eyodwa kuphela zinhlobo - raspberry, okuyinto eyaziwa berry ukhohlwe. Yesikhathi eside izihlahlana ubalekela ezindaweni zalo zemvelo ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi. Enye Red Incwadi Vladimir esifundeni (izitshalo nezilwane embhalweni) zihlanganisa izinhlobo ezisengozini yokushabalala. Lokhu iconsi izicathulo. isitshalo zisetshenziswa ayiwavikeli ngisho lability yayo imvelo, okungukuthi ikhono likhule nenhlabathi abampofu futhi yomile. Inombolo ukuncipha mnogoryadnik Brown, Naiad amancane nezimo, Fritillaria Meleagris, malaxis monophyllos, ama-cloudberry pobegonosnoe abasha.

Isifunda futhi ikhula inqwaba isikhunta labizwa ngokuthi zezinyoni ezingavamile: truffle ezimhlophe, osinovik, greasers lezihlahla, Veselka abavamile, Grifola frondosa.

Ezingavamile futhi ezisengcupheni nenhlanzi bone

I thutheleka fula badabula leyo ndawo esifundeni basonta somfula iVolga, ubude bazo Imininingwane kuyinto 8560 km. Bonke babe izici ejwayelekile flat: eyehlelayo encane, kwamanje ababuthakathaka, tortuosity okunzima isiteshi. Imifula kanye namachibi egcwele inhlanzi, kuhlanganise ukudoba ezibalulekile. INcwadi Red bubalwa Sturgeon isiRashiya, Sturgeon (isithombe), bullhead ezivamile, spike, minnow echibini. Isizathu esiyinhloko inombolo encane - ukuzingela ngokungemthetho nokungcoliswa kwamanzi ezimbonini.

IRed Encwadi endaweni uVladimir: inyoni

Uhlelo esisha sahlanganisa zezinyoni emashumi mathathu anamibini, abamele squads nambili. Lezi zihlanganisa black iphimbo diver, grebe, bittern, nefukezi isimungulu dada whooper, merlin, peregrine uheshe, kestrel ezivamile, isikhova, sasezindaweni, ukhuni Lark. Abasebucayini neyaziwayo black nonogolantethe. Lena zezinyoni ezingavamile kakhulu izinyoni ezisohlwini Red Book of Russia. He is namahloni, uhlala ezindaweni ehlathini uyazama ukugwema abantu. Indlela Yokuphila nesimilo izici ayiqondakali kahle ngenxa ukubukeka esilayidi. Ngesisekelo ukudla izinhlanzi.

Izilwane ezisohlwini Red Encwadi endaweni uVladimir: Izilwane zasendle

ezincelisayo ezidla ziphezulu eziwukudla, futhi kuncane noma akukho nhlobo izitha zemvelo ngaphandle indoda. Ziyakwazi wokuvikela zonke zinhlobo ezintathu. Of ukubaqeda nya, noma ngamanye amazwi, kuye kwanyamalala endaweni, kuyinto Ibhere elinsundu - omunye izilwane ezidla ezinye ngobukhulu izwe emhlabeni. Wake owakhiwe yonke iYurophu, futhi kule ndawo eningizimu kwendawo salo sifinyelela amazwe e-Afrika, e-East - China. Manje yokuqothulwa ezifundeni eziningi zaseRussia.

Ezisengozini kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili - i-lynx yase futhi Otter. Isilwane lokuqala - kummeleli umndeni ikati. Lezi zilwane esisenyakatho, ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo lapho kuziwa eScandinavia. It has a imvelo onezimfihlo futhi lukhetha zomile, ihlathi elimnyama. Izizathu inombolo encane ehambisana ngokubhujiswa yazo.

Ayikho ezithakazelisayo kancane kukhona izilwane esifundeni sethu njengoba umfula imithini. Isilwane esincelisayo usayizi encane kuyimpilo semi yasemanzini. Kuyinto ilungu ezivamile omkhaya ohlala kuyo yonke indawo eRussia, kodwa kule ndawo ngasizathu simbe, izinombolo zabo eminyakeni yamuva ziyancipha kakhulu.

ezincelisayo eziyivulayo-nezinselo ezivulekile, esigqoke futhi ezidla

Iqembu labadlali ababili Incwadi inikeza izinhlobo ezintathu. Ngo esifundeni uVladimir uhlalwe zezinyoni ezingavamile futhi relict komyalelo wokungabi izinambuzane - ke muskrat (isithombe). Isilwane esihlale sithola encane has a ukubukeka kakhulu angajwayelekile: lezi ekhaleni, Intshebe, flat njengomuntu umsila-beaver ngokuziphatha nginesikali, inhloko elincane kanye noboya enhle kakhulu obukhulu. Isici esiyinhloko iqhaza ekunciphiseni isibalo izilwane kwamahlathi nokuklaba e floodplains, ukungcola kwamanzi, nkinga kwamaxhaphozi.

Iqembu lesibili omele - the noctule giant. Ingenye nelulwane elikhulu kunawo wonke eYurophu. Ukukala kakhulu isibalo sabo nzima ngenxa yendlela nezimfihlo zokuphila, kodwa namanje uhlobo ezingeni likazwelonke ubhekwa sengozini.

Kusukela oda izilwane eziyivulayo ayabulala esifundeni sisonqenqemeni ukuqothulwa inyathi yaseYurophu. Wayengumuntu ummeleli wokugcina iqembu zezinkunzi zasendle on ensimini eYurophu namuhla.

Lokho sinjalo yemakhono Red egwalweni uVladimir esifundeni. Izimila nezilwane, ke eqoshiwe, ezisengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Ezimweni eziningi, umuntu unecala. Kanye ukwehluka ocebile zezinto eziphilayo njalo ngonyaka kuyehla hhayi qualitatively kuphela kodwa futhi quantitatively.