Inkolo yaseJalimane: Umlando kanye nesimanje

Umbuzo wokuthi iyiphi inkolo eJalimane ibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wesifundazwe saseJalimane, kanye namathemba okuthuthukiswa komphakathi esikhathini esizayo. Izinqubo zenkolo zinomthelela oqondile ngokuqondile futhi ongaqondile empilweni yomphakathi waseYurophu, ngakho-ke le ndawo kufanele inikelwe ukunakekelwa okufanele.

I-Germany yangaphambi kobuKristu

Ake siqale ngemvelaphi. Inkolo yaseJalimane lasendulo , njengabo bonke amaqembu kazwelonke asezweni laseYurophu, yayimelwe ezikhathini zasendulo ngobuqaba. Kulolu cala sikhuluma ngohlobo lweNordic lwezenkolo, emlandisweni futhi senze okufanayo namasiko eqiniso eScandinavia.

Inhloko yezwe laseJalimane lasendulo nguWotan, uyise wabonkulunkulu. Yena kanye nama-retinue akhe, amalungu ayo abizwa ngokuthi ama-Ases, ahlala ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu ezingu-9 - Asgard. Futhi indawo engavamile yokuhlala kwabo emhlabeni yiGrave Engcwele.

Izizwe zamaqaba zamazwe aseJalimane zazixhomeke emandleni obupristi. Nakuba amalungelo abo kanye namalungelo abo emphakathini kuya emphakathini bashintsha cishe, ngokuvamile, abapristi babegxila ezandleni zabo ijaji, babephethe imisebenzi yokuzidela futhi babehlanganyela esiprofethweni.

Ngezikhulu zangekhulu le-10 amasiko wamaqaba emadolobheni aseJalimane ayefike ekugcineni kokugcina mayelana nokusabalaliswa kobuKristu.

Ukuguqulwa kweJalimane

Inkolo yaseJalimane yaqala ukushintsha kusukela ngekhulu le-IV, kanye nomsebenzi wokushumayela osebenzayo wezithunywa zevangeli zesonto - ama-Irish nama-Anglo-Saxons. Ekuqaleni, amazwe aseJalimane ayebona inguqulo ye-Arian yobuKristu, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngaphansi kwengcindezi yeziphathimandla zezwe, izinqubo zezombangazwe ezenzakalweni zomhlaba wonke kanye nemisebenzi yabashumayeli bamaKatolika, inani labantu baseJalimane liye lagcwala umoya we-orthodoxy. Ukuguquka kwalokhu kuwukuthunywa kukaSaint Boncece, owekhulu lesishiyagalombili wakwazi ukuhlela kabusha impilo yenkolo yezizwe eziningi zaseJalimane futhi wabumbana ngaphansi komthetho we-metropolia owodwa oseCologne. Ukuzibophezela komuntu uBoiface weSonto LamaRoma nokuzinikela esihlalweni sobukhosi sepapa sekuzimisele ngamakhulu eminyaka ukuqondiswa kwenkolo eJalimane, okwenza kube izwe lamaKatolika.

Ukuguqulwa kwenkolo nokuvela kwesonto lonke

Ngekhulu le-XVI, inkolo yaseJalimane, okuyi-Roman Catholicism, yalahleka kakhulu ukwethembeka kwayo futhi yalahlekelwa isikhundla sayo. Lokhu kungenxa yenkulumo yomnumzane wase-Augustinian uMartin Luther, owavukela imibono yakhe yenkolo ngokumelene nokuhlukunyezwa okungaka kweSonto LamaKatolika. Inhlangano yamaLuthani, ekuqaleni eyakhelwe njengenguquko yesonto, yaphenduka inhlangano ehlukene enezici zesimilo, imfundiso kanye nezokuziphatha, okuthiwa amaProthestani. Cishe ngokushesha, yahlukana yaba uchungechunge lwezimpande ezizimeleyo, okuqala inqubo yokuchotshoza ngokweqile okuqhubekayo. Amagatsha amathathu amakhulu amaProthestani, abhekisela ebusweni benkolo baseJalimane - amasonto amaLutheran, Reformed kanye neAvangelical.

Inkolo yamaFascist eJalimane

Isikhathi sobudlova bamaNazi kufanele sikhulume ngokuhlukile mayelana nokuthuthukiswa komlando wenkolo emhlabathini waseJalimane. Okokuqala, ixhunywe nezinqubo zokushushiswa kwezinhlangano zenkolo - yobuKristu, isiqaba futhi, empeleni, amaJuda. Uhlelo lukaHitler lwaluhlose ukubhujiswa ngokuphelele komthetho wamaKristu emasiko, emfundweni nasekufundiseni eJalimane. Okwesibili, i-NSDAP yabhalwa iziphakamiso eziningana zokukhulekela okuhlukile. Zonke izinyathelo ezinjalo zihlukaniswe ngamakamu amabili, okungahle kube ngokoqobo ngokuthi i-ariochristianism neopopanism.

I-first of theseories icacisa ukuhlaziya kabusha izindinganiso zobuKristu, umlando kanye nenkolelo ekukhanyeni kwemfundiso yamaNazi. Emkhakheni wezimfundiso zobuKristu, ubuKristu buhlukanisa ngokuphelele nezimpande zakwaJuda, futhi uKristu, ngokusho kwalo mfundiso, wayengumqhawe wama-Aryan ngokumelene namaJuda. U-Adolf Hitler wabuye wamemezela ukuthi ungumesiya omusha, obizwa ngokuthi aqhubeke nomsebenzi weqiniso, uNordic uJesu.

Ngemuva kokuhluleka kohlelo lwe-Ario-Christian abaholi bamaReich baqala umqondo wokuvuselela ubuqaba basendulo ngesisekelo se-iriminism ejwayelekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokungafani ukulahla i-votanizm yomlando wamaJalimane, ama-fascists agxila ekucindezelweni kwezikhungo zobuqaba ezingamaNazi, ewabhubhisa ngokuphelele ngo-1941. Kodwa-ke, lo mzamo wokuhlela kabusha izizinda ezingokomoya zezwe awuzange uphumelele, futhi inkolo ehloniphekile yaseJalimane yayingakahlanganiswa kahle namasonto angamaKristu.

Izinqubo zenkolo eJalimane namuhla

Namuhla, inkolo yaseJalimane ayimelwe isonto elilodwa noma eliyinhloko. Izikhundla eziholayo zikwabiwa ngamaKatolika namaLuthela. Inye yalezi zinkolo ihlanganisa abantu abangaphezu kuka-30%. Abahlali abangaba ngu-30% kuleli zwe bacabanga ukuthi bangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu nokuthi bangabakholelwa ku-agnostics. Abancane abasele bahlukana phakathi kwabo ngamaSulumane, amaKrestu wezinye izinkolo kanye nabamele ezinye izinhlangano zenkolo.

Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi eJalimane yanamuhla kukhona ukuphuma okukhulu kwamahlelo amasonto angamaKristu. Futhi amaProthestani, nobuKatolika, futhi ngisho nangokwengeziwe kunazo zonke eYurophu, ama-Orthodoxy eminyakeni embalwa edlule, kwalahlekelwa kakhulu isisindo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, emphakathini waseJalimane kukhona ukuqinisa ama-propaganda amaSulumane. Ubuqaba bamaBagan kanye nobuBuddha abuyena isikhundla esivelele, nakuba bethandwa kubantu abasha. Ngakho-ke, izitayela eziyinhloko zezenkolo eJalimane zanamuhla zingabhekwa njengamaSulumane ashukumisayo kanye nokuhlonishwa kwabantu.