Kuyini iLutheranism? Ukuqhathaniswa kwamaLutheran noCalvinism. Ukufana nokungafani phakathi kwamaLuthani noCalvinism: itafula

AmaLuthela asho amanje amaProthestani ebuKristwini. Lena enye yezinkomba zakudala ezavela ekhulwini le-16. Njengamanje, amaLuthela asakazeka lapho avela khona - ikakhulu amazwe aseScandinavia, eJalimane, e-Estonia naseLatvia.

Umlando wemvelaphi yamaLuthela

Umlando wamaLuthela waqala ngo-1517 eJalimane ukusuka enhlanganweni yamaProthestani. Umfundisi wezinkolo wamaKatolika ogama lakhe linguMartin Luther wanquma ukukhipha inkolo yeziphambeko eziqakathekileko, ngokuphathelene nalokho okwakushiwo ukuthi uyamhlonipha. Kamuva waba umguqukisi, kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho waphoqeleka ukuba afihle endlini yaseWartburg e-Eisenach ngaphansi kwegama uGeorg Junker, lapho ahumusha iTestamente Elisha ngesiJalimane. Kamuva eLutheran waziwa ngokuthi iBhayibheli likaLuther. Ngo-1529, amaProthestani asemthethweni waba inhlangano yamaKatolika ngemuva kokusayina kwabesifazane abangu-20 ngaphansi kwesibhikisho se Speyer. Kwakuwumbhikisho wamadolobha ayisishiyagalolunye oMbuso WaseRoma nezikhulu eziyisithupha. Kodwa ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha impikiswano yaqhutshwa eMarburg phakathi kukaLuther no-Ulrich Zwingli, okwaholela ekuhlukaniseni ikamu lamaProthestani eLutanism naseCalvinism.

Lokhu kuzolandelwa ukufa kukaMartin Luther kanye neSmmalkald War, lapho amaLuthela ayohluleka khona. Bayothola ukugunyazwa kuphela ngo-1555 ngenxa yezwe lenkolo ye-Augsburg. Lesi sivumelwane sasivumela abamele imikhakha yobukhosi ukuba bakhethe inkolo yabo futhi babone ukuthi amaLuthela ayinkolo ensimini yoMbuso Ongcwele WaseRoma.

Okuyingqayizivele koKholo

Ukuphendula umbuzo mayelana nokuthi yiLutherani, umuntu akanakusiza ukuchaza okuyisisekelo semfundiso, okuyinto, ngendlela, isondelene kakhulu neKatolika. Isisekelo samaLuthani siyokholo kuZiqu-zintathu Ongcwele - uNkulunkulu uYise, uNkulunkulu iNdodana noNkulunkulu woMoya oNgcwele. UZiqu-zintathu Ongcwele yiwona amandla kaNkulunkulu owodwa.

Enhliziyweni yezimfundiso zefilosofi kuwukulingana kwabo bonke phambi kukaNkulunkulu. Abafundisi baseLutheran abanamalungelo, kuhlanganise lapho bethatha isakramente.

Amakramitjhini weLuthela Yamanje:

• Ubhapathizo.
• Ukudla.
• Ukuvuma.

Ubhapathizo luyisakramente eliholela umuntu ebuKristwini, isakramente ibopha umuntu nonkulunkulu, futhi ukuvuma kusiza ekukhululweni kwezono.

Akukho ukuhlukumezeka kokugcina umngcwabo, umshado kanye nokukhriswa emasontweni eLuthela. Umfundisi weLutheranism uyingcweti nje, futhi akukho lutho. Akahambanga ngaphesheya futhi akaphakamisi umpristi ngokulingana ngaphambi kwamalungu esonto. Inkonzo ephakeme kakhulu yesonto - i-liturgy - ihambisana nezinoma.

Izici zobuLuthela

Izimiso zamaLuthela zisekelwe encwadini ethi Concord, ebhalwe ngo-1580. Inombolo ephelele yamaLuthela emhlabeni wonke namuhla ingabantu abayizigidi ezingu-85. Le namba encane ihlukaniswe ngaphakathi ngaphakathi ezinkambeni ezihlukahlukene kanye namasonto. Isici esiyinhloko samaLuthela kukhona ukungabi khona kwebandla elihlanganisiwe nobuqotho.

Izinkinga endleleni eya ekwakheni ibandla elihlanganisiwe zaphawulwa ngezizathu zezwe, zezizathu nezomlando.

Ngokusho kwencwadi ye-Accord, izimpawu ezintathu zokholo zibhekwa njengeLuthela:

• I-Nicene.
• Afanasyevsky.
• Abaphostoli.

Kodwa-ke, akubona wonke amaLuthela abheka iNcwadi kaConstord njengombono owodwa. Amathrendi yanamuhla anempilo yamaLutheran ajwayelekile, angavumeli ukuya emisebenzini yokukhulekela.

ISonto laseSweden

Isonto elikhulu kunawo wonke lamaLuthela yiSonto laseSweden, labo abathandana nabo abangaphezu kuka-60% wabantu bezwe. Ngenombolo cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingu-6.5. Bambalwa kubo abaya emisebenzini njalo, kodwa babhekisela kubabekeli bale nkolo ethile.

I-Lutheran Church yaseSweden ibhekwa njengenkululeko ngoba ibumbene e-World Lutheran Federation. Lapha, ubupristi besifazane buvunyelwe, kubandakanya phakathi kwabantu abancane ngokobulili, futhi kusukela ngo-2005 isonto liye labhalisisa imibhangqwana engqingili, lapho kuhlanganiswa khona umkhosi omusha.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwamaProthestani nemiphumela yayo

Ukuxoxa ngombuzo wokuthi yiziphi iziLuthela, umuntu akanakusiza kodwa uthinte emlandweni weCalvinism. Eqinisweni, zombili izinkombandlela zigeleza kusukela ekuguqulweni kweMartin Luther, kodwa uCalvinism yazibiza okokuqala ngxabano edolobheni laseMarburg, okukhulunywe ngenhla. Le mpikiswano yahlukanisa abaguquleli bamaProthestani emakamu amabili - amaProthestani aseJalimane namaProtestanti aseSwitzerland.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uCalvinism yaqamba igama layo ngegama likaJean Calvin, ukuhlukana kwabonakala ngenxa yemizamo ka Ulrich Zwingli, owayenengxabano noMartin Luther ngokwakhe. Le mpikiswano yayiyindlela yokwenza isakramente, lapho uZwingli egcizelela khona, eyayiyodwa yemibono eyinhloko yokuguqulwa kwamaKatolika. U-Luther wagcizelela ukugcina isakramente njengesigramente esiyinhloko.

Ngemva kokufa kukaZwingli, icala laqhubeka ngumfundisi wesonto waseFrance uJohn Calvin. UCalvin ubhekwa njengenguquko yeqiniso, okuvela kuyo inkambo yeqiniso - Calvinism - isuke. Ukungafani phakathi kwamaLuthani noCalvin kubalulekile kakhulu, uma sibheka lezi zikhombisi-ndlela namuhla, emva kokuhamba kwamakhulu eminyaka. Ngaphambili, lapho abasunguli beshukumisela imibono yokuguqula isimo, umehluko wawubonakala unzima nakakhulu.

Ukuqhathaniswa kwezikhombisi ezimbili

Ekuqaleni, iCalvinism yazalwa njengento yokuhlanza isonto kuyo yonke into engadingeki ngayo ngokusho kweBhayibheli. Wayelindele izinguquko ezinkulu zesonto. Ake siqhathanise amaLutheran noCalvinism. Ithebula elichazwe ngezansi lizosivumela ukuba sicabangele le nkinga ngokuningiliziwe.

Ukufanana phakathi kwamaLuthela kanye neCalvin kunamaqiniso wokuthi lezi zimpondo zaqala ukuguqulwa futhi zaqala ukuvela kumaProthestani.

Ukufana okuyisisekelo kwemifudlana

AmaLuthela kanye neCalvin, empeleni, baphishekela umgomo owodwa - ukuguqulwa kwesonto. Ngokungafani noMartin Luther, uJean Calvin waqhubeka kakhulu ekushintsheni kwakhe. Phakathi kokufanako, singakwazi ukubona ukuphikiswa okungokomfanekiso kwemithetho yobupristi, kanye nezinyathelo ezibalulekile ekunqatsheni umkhuba, nakuba uCalvinism kule ndaba enesiqondiso esinzima kakhulu.

Ukungqubuzana kwemlando, izimo zemvelo kanye nezinye izizathu kuye kwafaka ingcindezi enkulu kuzo zombili izinkombandlela, ngakho-ke inkolo ngokwayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iCalvinism noma iLuthela, ayizange ifike ezinsukwini zethu njengendlela yokusakaza kanye nesonto. AmaCalvin ahlukaniswe amakamu amathathu:

• Presbyterianism.
• I-Congregationalism.
• Ukuguqulwa kabusha, ekuqaleni kwavela futhi kugcinwa eYurophu namuhla njengamanje wangempela.

Lokhu kufana kwamaLutheran noCalvinism kunciphile.

Umehluko phakathi kwamagundane amabili

Ngokusekelwe kulokho okufundwa yiLuthela, uMartin Luther ngokwakhe wayengenakuqaphela ngokugcwele ukubaluleka nokubaluleka kwemfihlakalo engcwele kanye nemfundiso yensindiso.

Njengoba ukuthuthukiswa kweCalvin kwakubangelwa ukuguqulwa okunamandla kuneLutheranism. Isonto eSwitzerland laqedwa ngokuphelele ngemisebenzi yobuciko, ubuciko be-monasticism bebunqatshelwa ngokuqinile, kuyilapho eLuthela kwagcinwa isikhathi eside. Ngo-Calvinism, ukuhlobana kokuqala nokuqonda okungavamile kwakungalungile. Ukuvutha kwakuqhutshwa esigxotsheni. Ukuqhathaniswa kwamaLuthani noCalvin namhlanje kunomlingiswa ohlukile.

Mayelana neLuthela noCalvin namhlanje

I-Lutheran namuhla ingenye yezinkolelo zenkolo ezikhulu kakhulu, lapho kungekho khona inkolo, kepha kukhona ukunqunywa kwesifazane. Isiqondiso esivumayo seLutherane sisaphikisana ngalolu daba, kanye nenkinga yemishado yobulili obufanayo, kodwa zonke izingxabano ne-current liberal zikhawulelwe kuphela izingxoxo.

I-Calvinism namuhla iye yahlala inkolo eqinile. Amakholwa eqiniso awabala amaholide ngaphandle kwamaSonto, enza imithandazo emasontweni alula ngisho nasemgwaqweni. Abaningi bayalahla uCalvinism ngokulula ngokweqile.

Esikhundleni sokuphetha

Ukuphikisana nombuzo walokho okuyiLutheran futhi nome umehluko ovela kuCalvinism, ngokungazelelwe uqaphele ukuthi, ngemva kokudlulela kwamakhulu eminyaka, ukungqubuzana okuncane phakathi kukaMartin Luther no-Ulrich Zwingli kwanika amagatsha amabili obuKristu ahlukene ngokuphelele.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bekungaguquguquki, kodwa ngokujwayelekile babambelela ekuthomeni kwabo.