Isiphi isithonjana sokukhala esizoyitshela?

Izithombe ze-Mirotochenie ezingcwele kanye nokukhanya nomnandi - yizibonakaliso ezikhethekile zesithonjana sikaNkulunkulu, izimpawu zokubeka kulo msebenzi othile okhethekile kubantu, ukuletha umlayezo kubantu. Emlandweni weSonto Lobu-Orthodox kunezithombe eziningi ezimangalisayo.

Ummeli Womama

Akumangalisi ukuthi iningi lalezi zithombe limelelwa yizithombe zeNdlovukazi, uMsindisi waseZulwini wesintu. Ubani omunye okhathazeka ngakho ngezingane zakhe, hhayi umama? Isithonjana sikhala iTheotokos ngenxa yezingane zayo ezinganaki, okungukuthi, ngokwethu, zikhala ngenxa yokunganaki kwethu, zihlushwa ukuwa kwethu. Izithombe aziveli nje kuphela izinyembezi noma i-mira, kodwa futhi negazi, ukubukeka kwalo okubhekwa njengento ecacile, ukukhishwa kwezinkinga.

Izithombe zeNdodana Ezingcwele zazibonakala ziyisimangaliso lapho zisiza abantu - zaphulukisa abagulayo, zazizivikela ezitheni nasezinhleleleni zemvelo. Ama-icons ashukunyiswa, atholakala, ayingoma-mlilo, usizo lwabo ngezinye izikhathi lwahambisana nokubonakala kweNdodanakazi kumuntu ephusheni, lapho echaza indawo yokuthola isithombe saKhe.

Izithombe ezingcwele ezimangalisayo ze-Virgin

Izithonjana ezivame ukukhala ngokubukeka kweNdlovukazi yiPryazhevskaya, i-Ilinskaya-Chernigovskaya, neKazzan-Vysochinovskaya, isithonjana se-Novgorod se-Our Lady, sikhala ngokuthi "Ukuthambekela" futhi lokhu akulona uhlu oluphelele lwezithombe ezingcwele ezaziwa emhlabeni we-Orthodox.

Amaqiniso omlando "wokukhala" kwezithombe

Isimangaliso esibizwa ngokuthi "isithonjana sokukhala" sibonakala kubantu basendulo. Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-4 AD, isithombe sePisidiya se-Our Lady eSozopol sasijabule. Ngekhulu le-13, abantu baseDolobheni baseVeliky Ustyug bathandazela insindiso yomuzi esichotho sesichotho, futhi isimangaliso esimangalisayo sabonakala esithombeni se-Annunciation. Ngo-1592, isithonjana se-Our Lady sizikhalela, "Ukudumisa iNdodana Ebusisiwe", yazisindisa. Abaphangi babamba isithombe esingcwele eNtabeni i-Athos, besaba lapho uphawu lukhala, futhi lwalubuyisela ngokushesha endaweni yaso.

Ngo-1848, emzini waseMoscow we-colonel ka-Easter, uhlu lwasomama kaMama kaNkulunkulu "UMninimzi Wezoni" wawunzima. Amaconsi amaMiro, ayenamafutha amaningi kanye nephunga elimnandi kakhulu, waphulukisa abagulayo.

Ngo-1991, kulabo abangcwele eMoscow e-Nikolo-Perervinsky izindlu zezindela, iIcon yaseDerzhavnaya yakhala , ehlobo lonyaka, ekhoneni laseVologda, izinyembezi zavela emehlweni kaMsindisi, isithonjana esikhalayo ebusweni bukaMariya ethempelini lendawo sashaya izakhamuzi zaseGeorgia.

Izimpawu eziphindaphindiwe futhi ezimangalisayo zabangcwele abangabanikazi bama- tsars aseRussia, isibonelo, isithonjana se-Myrrh-ekhishwe i-Fedorov ngo-1994. Lokhu kwenzeka eTsarskoye Selo. Lapho amalungu omndeni wasebukhosini ehlonishwa ngokusemthethweni njengabafel 'ukholo, iVladimir Icon yeVirginia yaxosha umoya ovuthayo, owawuthandwa nguMpress Alexandra Feodorovna. Kamuva lokhu kumnandi kwaziwa kubo bonke "i-Red Moscow".

Uma igazi ligeleza ngokusebenzisa izithombe

Lapho isithombe esingcwele siphala, akuyona nje isithonjana sokukhala. Iphupho lapho ubona khona lihunyushwa yizibalo ze-somnologists njengemifanekiso yesenzakalo esibi, esibuhlungu. Amaqiniso omlando wokuphuma kwezingcwele ezingcwele kanye nemicimbi eyenzeka kamuva, omunye angase abheke ukuhlangana okulula, kodwa abefundisi abaningi babheka ukubonakala kwegazi esithombeni esingcwele njengesibonakaliso senkinga.

Isibonelo, esontweni laseJerusalema le- Sepulcher Engcwele, kukhona uphawu olukhala ngegazi. Kungenxa yesithombe esithi "I-Crown of Thorns." Isakhiwo salo indaba mayelana namaRoma ahlukumeza uJesu emahoreni wokugcina okuphila kwakhe.

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwenkathi yethu, lesi sithombe siphume kathathu, futhi zonke izimo zenzeka ngesikhathi sePhasika. Ngo-1572, izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kobusuku beSt. Bartholomew , amanzi egazi aphuma emfanekisweni, futhi ngo-Agasti 24 cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zabantu babulawa eParis. Icala lesibili lafika ngo-1939, ngaphambi nje kokuqubuka kweMpi Yezwe II. Ekugcineni, ngo-Ephreli 2001, iqiniso lokukhishwa kwesithombe esingcwele laboniswa abahamba ngezinyawo ebusuku ngoMgqibelo Omkhulu, kanti ngoSeptemba 11, 2001 emva kokuhlaselwa kwamaphekula, izakhiwo zezingodo zaseNew York zawa, inhlekelele yabulala abantu abaningi. Ngakho-ke akuzona yini amaqiniso okubonakala kwezinyembezi zamanzi esithombeni uhlobo lwempawu ezibonisa inkathazo?

Yini esingayisho mayelana nokuthi isithonjana sokukhala sethempeli lase-Iberia emzaneni waseZelenchukska washaya bonke abantu bendawo bekhala izinyembezi ngaphambi kokuqala kwempi yaseChechen? Futhi isibonakaliso esibuhlungu kwakuyizinyembezi esithombeni ngaphambi kokuba kuthathwe isikole eBeslan ngoSepthemba 1, 2004.

Isayensi encane

Ngesikhathi samanje, izinhlangano ezikhethekile zenziwe futhi zisebenza ukuthola izimbangela nemithombo ye-myrr ukusakaza kwezithonjana. Lezi zinkomidi zihlanganisa amaqembu ochwepheshe abavela ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene kanye nezingane ezifundiswayo.

Ngonyaka ka-1999, uMphathiswa WaseMoscow waseMoscow wavuma ukusekwa kweKomidi, ogama lakhe liwukuchaza amaqiniso ezimangaliso ezimangaliso ezenzeka eRussia. Kwavela ukuthi izwe lihlukile ngokubukeka, umbala, iphunga nokuvumelana - kunezintambo, ezibucayi njenge-resin, futhi libala, njengamazolo. I-Miro inephunga eliqinile kakhulu elinomsoco wama-roses, i-lilac noma impepho. Ukuma nobukhulu bamaconsi abuye ahluke kakhulu komunye nomunye. Ngezinye izikhathi amaconsi avela kulo lonke isithombe, ngezinye izikhathi aqhubeke ngokucacile. Kunezimo ezaziwayo zokugeleza kwezwe ngokumelene namandla okukhangwa - kusukela ngezansi kuya phezulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, kunombono wokuthi ithonya lesiyisimangaliso livuselela uphawu, imibala yesithombe iba lula.

Ingabe bayaphila?

I-Patriarchate yaseMoscow nayo ihilelekile ekutadisheni umhlaba, okwabekwa yizimpawu. Iziphetho, okushiwo yi-Patriarchy ngokuphathelene nokubunjwa kwempahla emihle, kuthiwa yiprotheni engumthombo ongaziwa. Kuye kwacutshungulwa izinhlobo eziningi ze-miro, ezinye zazo zifana nokubunjwa ngamafutha, izinyembezi zomuntu noma i-plasma yegazi lakhe. Isibonelo, ukuhlaziywa kokubunjwa kwezwe, okuxoshwa yizingqungquthela ezingcwele ezihlala eKie-Pechersk Lavra, kubonise ukuthi kusekelwe kumaprotheni okuwukuphela kwesidalwa esiphilayo esingakwazi ukukhiqiza. Futhi ingabe isithonjana sokukhala sikhipha ngempela izimpawu eziwusizo kithi? Ososayensi abanakho impendulo yalo mbuzo. Futhi wena?