Iyini umuthi wokugoma? Iyini ukugoma?

Imithi yanamuhla ekhulwini lama-20 yakwazi ukunqoba izifo eziningi ezibulalayo, indima ebalulekile kulokhu yadlala inqubo yokuqapha, njengemigomo. Iyini umgomo futhi kufanele isetshenziswe nini? Masikhulume ngalesi sihloko esivuthayo, ngoba abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ukwethulwa kwemigomo emzimbeni womuntu kuyindlela engafanele yokuvimbela izifo.

Incazelo yegama elithi "ukugoma"

Ngakho, uyini umgomo? Empeleni, izidakamizwa ezinjalo zisebenza ngokuzikhandla, umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko ukuvikela umzimba kusuka ezigulini ezinengculazi nezinye izifo. Isimiso sokugoma silula, senza ukuzivikela kwesifo ngisho nangaphambi kwesikhathi sokutheleleka. Kamuva, ngesikhathi sengozini yangempela empilweni, umzimba womuntu usuvele unamandla okulwa nezifo eziphilayo futhi uzihlulele ngisho. Ukugoma kufanele kuhlangabezane nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo:

• Ungabi nomthelela omubi empilweni.
• Ukuhlinzeka ngokuzivikela okuhlala njalo, okuhlala njalo.
• Ukukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwama-antibodies.

Izinhlobonhlobo ezikhona eziyinhloko zemithi yokugoma

Ukuphendula umbuzo mayelana nokuthi umgomo ungubani, akunakwenzeka ukuba ungakhulumi ngezinhlobo zawo eziyinhloko. Ukwaziswa okunjalo kunomzimba okhethekile wezokwelapha futhi akuvamile ukusetshenziselwa ukuphila kwansuku zonke, kodwa kwezinye izimo kungasiza abaningi:

• Kuhlangene . Ummeleli odumile kakhulu walesi sigaba yi-DTP, umjovo ovela ezigulini eziningana eziyingozi - i-pertussis, i-tetanus ne-diphtheria. Imithi enjalo inikeza ukuvikelwa okuphelele.
• Alive . Emithi yokwelashwa ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba poliomyelitis, isifo sofuba, isifo kanye nezinye eziningi ziyawa. Amalungiselelo anjalo ahlanganisa ukuphila, kodwa izintuthwane ezibuthakathaka zezinambuzane kanye nezinsizakalo ezincane, okungenzeka empilweni yangempela kungabangela izifo ezibalulwe ngenhla. Uma kungeniswa emzimbeni womuntu, bavusa izifo ezibuthakathaka kakhulu kanye nokubunjwa kwegciwane lesikhathi eside.
• Ayisebenzi . Ngokungafani nokuphila, badalwa ngesisekelo sezinkinga ezibulewe. Isibonelo somuthi wokugoma okunjalo kuyisisombululo se-rabies. Imithi enjalo ayisebenzisi kangako, kodwa ngokuphathwa okuhleliwe okuhleliwe futhi kwakha ukuvikelwa okudingekayo.
• Amakhemikhali . Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa ikholera, umkhuhlane we-typhoid. Ziyingxube ye-antigens ehlukile, amaprotheni, lipids nezinye izingxenye. Yethula inkambo ngesamba esikhulu kakhulu.

Ulwazi olujwayelekile ngokugoma

Manje ukuthi uyazi ukuthi umuthi wokugoma ungubani nokuthi ungubani, sekuyisikhathi sokukhuluma ngemigomo ethile ekhuthazwa uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lwasekhaya kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila kunoma yimuphi umuntu. Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi kunesimiso sokugoma kuwo wonke amazwe. Kuncike esimweni esikuyo, okucacile, izinkambiso ze-WHO ngisho nombuzo wezezimali.

Ukwethulwa kwemigomo ezweni lethu kuhloswe kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila komntwana. Ukujola kwenziwa kuqala esibhedlela sokubeletha, bese ku-nursery nase-adult polyclinic, ngokulandelana. Imithi yokugoma iyinkonzo yamahhala yabantu, noma kunjalo, kuye ngezinkolelo zomuntu siqu, umuntu angayenqaba (ngokwabo kanye nengane yabo encane).

Uyini umuthi wokugoma wokuqala?

Ikhalenda likazwelonke lokugoma lihlanganisa izinyathelo eziyishumi eziyisibopho, amalungiselelo okuqhutshwa kwawo akwenziwa ensimini yezwe lethu. Uma befisa, iziguli zingasetshenziswa ngejoka ngemikhiqizo yangaphandle (ngokuvamile ngezindleko zabo).

Ukugonywa kokuqala kunikezwa ingane ngokushesha ngemva kokubeletha, ujojowe ngesidakamizwa esivela ku- virus ye-hepatitis B. Esikhathini esizayo, umjovo uzophindaphindiwe ngezinyanga zokuqala nezinyanga eziyisithupha zokuphila. Isidakamizwa esinjalo sinesifiso esihle kakhulu kuwo wonke umuntu futhi kunesibopho samalungu enhlangano engozini. Ungayigodli ukugoma, ukholelwa ukuthi i-hepatitis yalesi sigaba yilaba bantu abaningi abahlukunyezwayo, ingaba nesandulela ngendawo yokuhlala (isibonelo, kumuntu wezinwele).

Iziphi izifo ezigonywe ezweni lethu?

Ake sikhulume ngokuthi yiziphi ezinye izifo umjovo ohlinzekwa nguhulumeni ongasiza. Imishanguzo ephoqelelwe imelwe yimigomo ngokumelene nezifo ezilandelayo:

• Isifo sofuba (i-BCG, asihlinzeki ngokuvikela ukutheleleka, kepha kusiza inkinga yesifo).
• I-tetetus (ingafakwa kokubili ngokwahlukana futhi njengengxenye yemigomo eyinkimbinkimbi DTP, ADS).
• I-Diphtheria.
• I-Pertussis.
• I-Poliomyelitis.
• Izisulu.
• I-Rubella.
• I-parotitis (ama-mumps).

Ukugonywa ngevolumu ephelele kufanele kugcwaliswe izinyanga ezingu-20 zokuphila kwengane. Izijovo eziphindaphindiwe ziqhutshwa emva kwesikhathi esithile esiseduze naso-6, bese kuthi eminyakeni engu-14. Ezinye izingane zigonywa ngesimiso ngasinye.

Iziphi ezinye izifo ezingenayo inoculations?

Kodwa-ke, akukhona kuphela ukugonywa okugunyazayo, kodwa futhi nokujola okusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa. Ngakho-ke, izinsana ezinempilo ebuthakathaka zinconywa izijovo ezengeziwe kusuka ku-pneumococcus. Ngokuvamile, izinyathelo ezinjalo zifanele uma ingane isencane kakhulu ihlushwa umphimbo, i-bronchitis, imifudlana ehlukahlukene. Imishanguzo enjalo yokwelashwa ibhekwa njengenconywa futhi iphoqelekile kumazwe aseYurophu, eRussia amiswe ngokuyinhloko ngokulandelana ngokuvumelana nezinkomba. Ngaphandle kohlu olungenhla, imishanguzo elandelayo iyenziwa kaningi ezweni lakithi:

• Kusuka entanyeni ye- hemophilic.
• Kusukela kumkhuhlane.
• Kusuka ku-inkukhu (isikhumba senkukhu).

Indlela yokunquma isidingo somjovo owengeziwe?

Izijovo eziphakanyisiwe zihloselwe ngokuyinhloko ngesimo se-epidemiological esifundeni. Kulezi zinhlobo zemithi zingabizwa ngokuthi izidakamizwa ezivela e-rabies, i -encephalitis ethwala isifo se- typhoid noma i- tick. Vakashela umtholampilo ukuze kutholakale ukugoma okwengeziwe, futhi uma uhlela okwesikhashana ukuya endaweni eyingozi ngokwalezi zifo. Uma uhamba ngolwazi oluvela kwamanye amazwe mayelana nemigomo yokugunyazwa kwezwe kufanele kucaciswe hhayi kuphela kumaluleki, kodwa futhi ku-ejensi yokuhamba.