Theodolite :, injongo, ezihlukahlukene

Lapho efeza zobunjiniyela, ukufakwa kanye nomsebenzi wokwakha kuyinto ukunemba kubaluleke kakhulu. Futhi ukwenza ukwakhiwa kuyinkimbinkimbi nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi "iso" Ezimweni ezinjalo akwamukeleki. Kukhona inani elikhulu amathuluzi geodetic ezivumela ngokuphumelelayo enze izilinganiso futhi izibalo. Ngokwesibonelo, amazinga, ukulinganisa amateyipu, tachometers nezinye izinsimbi.

Phakathi kwabo kufanele ukugqamisa theodolite. Lona main idivayisi okusezingeni eliphezulu eqinisekisa operation lesifanele abahloli. Theodolites kukhona optical nawe-elekthronikhi. Zenza i shot emincane, ukulinganisa ngesikhathi esifanayo, kokubili engeli evundla mpo.

izicelo

Le divayisi geodetic wasebenzisa ezindaweni ezilandelayo:

• uma udinga ukwakha amabalazwe ngesimo sendawo futhi izinhlelo, noma inethiwekhi amaphuzu geodetic ukwakha sezwe unxantathu;
• lapho kudingekile ukunquma indawo amaphuzu phezu isihlobo itulo nomunye;
• ukuze kwakhiwe imisebenzi, isibonelo, uma kudingekile ukulungisa enezingqimba noma mpo wokwakha izakhiwo (yinqwaba, izinsika, njll ...);

Ukusebenza theodolite akunzima. Ukwenza izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi izilinganiso, kudingeka bathole amakhono athile.

Ukwahlukaniswa amadivayisi

Theodolites babe izinhlobo eziningana. Ziyakwazi:

1. theodolites Optical. Amadivayisi yalolu hlobo nkinga ivame kakhulu. Ziyakwazi nalikhuluma ngemlandvo futsi letsembekile ukusetshenziswa emkhakheni. Theodolites yalolu hlobo ezithandwa kakhulu abahloli. Sinenkosi okumbalwa phezu kwabafowenu electronic: akudingeki amabhethri, isebenze futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa. theodolites Optical ongenza umsebenzi ngendlela ebanzi lokushisa ububanzi, ngisho noma kushisa ngaphansi kwezinga-qhwa. Theodolites kwalesi silwane ube kungenzeka ubuncane. Imibiko eyalo isikali Goniometric. Uma ithuluzi ayiqukethe i imemori yangaphakathi, kuyodingeka uthole iphephabhuku zasendle, ezikhona okuyokwenziwa yonke idatha.
2. Laser theodolite nayo nzima ukusebenza. Leli thuluzi lisebenzisa ugongolo laser okuyinto ukhonza njengomdala inkomba olunembile. Ngo idivayisi kuhlanganiswe imisebenzi amadivayisi ezimbili - reticle futhi imvamisa high ithuluzi electronic for izilinganiso. Idivayisi ifakwe processor enamandla eyenza zonke izibalo kanye nemiphumela ayaboniswa kudivayisi ukubonisa. I lula ukusetshenziswa kanye lula theodolite zisobala.
3. Ngo theodolites digital ayisebenzi imibuthano mpo futhi enezingqimba equkethe yomdwebo pogradusnuyu. Kunalokho basebenzisa akwazi ukugcina one bar-code. Insimbi wenza izilinganiso ngendlela ezenzakalelayo. Umklamo thuluzi yakhiwa kudivayisi imemori. izitolo Theodolite idatha kumemori layo langaphakathi. Nge theodolites digital akufanele sisebenze endaweni enzima futhi ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphansi, njengoba lezi amadivaysi aqukethe imithombo kanye iphaneli LCD.
4. Phototheodolites futhi kinoteodolity basonta isigaba zokubethwa babe ngenjongo ethile. Ukwakhiwa ngowokuqala ehlanganisa theodolite futhi ikhamera, ebheka izixhumanisi topographic. Injongo eyinhloko kinoteodolitov - ukulungisa trajectory of izinto ezihambayo kokubili emhlabathini emoyeni.

izingxenye kudivayisi

Ngu design, theodolites zihlukaniswe lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• Simple. Ngo izikimu theodolite alidade kanye Ukudayela uphendukisa ngokuzimela.
• Sokuvuselela. Ukuzungelezisa mshini kanye alidade singenzeka bengabantu ngabanye futhi ngokuhlanganyela.

Theodolites ngokunemba yabo ihlukaniswe yaba:

• ukunemba Technical kokuba 15 - 60 amasekhondi angu-arc.
• Elinembile ngephutha imizuzwana engaphansi kuka-10.
• Ukwenza kahle hle. Vumela ukwenza izilinganiso nge ukunemba engafinyelela kwengu-1 wesibili ka arc.

kudivayisi Jikelele

Theodolite inalokhu zici ezilandelayo:

• Ngemishini tube. Uneziqu kokukhulisa ezithile. Le ngxenye athe njó amakholomu amabili, zazo ogibele tripod.
• A izindlela readout. Lezi zihlanganisa umbuthano mpo futhi enezingqimba (esitho). Eyokuqala kukholamu, eyesibili ihloselwe base.
• Owudeshi noma shkalovoy ngesibonakhulu. Lokhu theodolite kudivayisi yokufunda elisetshenziswa umshini amathuluzi. Esikhathini ukubala kuqala owenziwa Inkomba unhlangothi, kanti eyesibili - esikalini. Microscope yakhelwe ufunda nasemilenzeni.
• Alidade. Ingabe umugqa kokuphenduka ukuthi has a uxhumano eqinile nakho ngeke kusize nge esitho umzimba. Iqukethe isithenjwa indlela - vernier.
• Adaptha nezikulufi ngasocansini. Phakathi isithako nomuthi futhi ukulungisa lezi nezikulufi babike kudivayisi ukunyakaza ezithambile izindlela.
• Ukwehla. Nale umthofu wokuqondisa okuhlangene optical wenziwa ngqo edzimelele phezu phuzu.
• Tripod. Lo msuka isetshenziswa lapho abasebenza endaweni ethile. It ukusetha theodolite.

Ngasiphi isisekelo imisebenzi kudivayisi

theodolite Mechanical usebenza kanje. Umsebenzisi uyaphawula izithombe amaphuzu ezahlukene isakhiwo ngokusebenzisa eyepiece isibonakude. Lapho emehlweni uvezwa endaweni waphawula ku eyepiece ka-microscope, okuyinto has a igrafu yebha yomdwebo kunodeshi fixed kokubili engela mpo futhi enezingqimba. Eyokuqala i-engeli, kanti eyesibili - engela isiqondiso.

ngokulandelana Specialist eliqondisa ipayipi control design iphuzu, alinganise engeli bese ubhala izinkomba iphephabhuku idatha. Konke lokhu kwenziwa uma isicelo theodolite optical. Izilinganiso ye-engeli ezenziwa Umdabuli ukudlala indima ebalulekile. Bavumela wena ukucacisa kahle kanjani iphrojekthi uyabulawa.

Ngo isicelo amadivaysi e-elekthronikhi ezingadingekile engeli ezibukwayo nenkanuko edlulele. Phela, izinzwa electronic imibuthano evundla mpo uthumele ngokuzenzakalelayo yonke idatha kudivayisi LCD isibonisi the human evamile ngedijithali. Futhi, yonke idatha egcinwe kumemori. Ukusetshenziswa theodolites electronic ethuthukisa ukusebenza onguchwepheshe zabasebenzi kanye nokuqedwa amaphutha ngenxa okungalungile count okubonakalayo ebufakazini obutholakalayo esimweni sokulinganisa engeli imodeli optical.

Usebenza kanjani nge theodolite?

Kanjani ukuze sithole ukuthi iphuzu kudingekile zase zihleliwe yokulinganisa engela? Zonke anemisila theodolites amazinga. Ngesikhathi ufaka, kumelwe babe abaphile isiqiniseko sokumisa. Ukulungisa ngezikulufo, ungathola ezingeni oyifunayo. esitho isikhungo ukunemba usethe Intambo yomthofu wokumisa noma umthofu wokuqondisa optical. Lapho bezwa lokho izakhi uyithuluzi, ungaqala nge theodolite.

Ukufakwa kanye ukumisa ifoni ye

Pho-ke, ukusebenzisa leli thuluzi? Okokuqala udinga ukufaka yedivayisi tripod. Khona-ke kubalulekile ukuchaza amaphuzu amabili ukwesekwa, okuzokwenza unxenxelwe ezibukwayo ithuluzi tube. Okokuqala, kusikisela iphuzu lokuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho isebenze kudivayisi nenkanuko edlulele kanye kukalwa esebenzisa intambo mpo. Kwalandela inkosikazi engumakhelwane nayo engela ovundlile. Yonke idatha Kufanele kurekhodwe log, bese ususa i-lock. Okulandelayo udinga ukulandela Iphuzu lesibili. Ukuze wenze lokhu, vula ngokwewashi theodolite. In the isinyathelo esilandelayo kwesibonakude liphenduka.

Okulandelayo, udinga ukushintsha isikhundla kumbuthano futhi ulethe ipayipi ephuzwini. Uma izilinganiso ube nomehluko omncane, ilungelo kube isilinganiso. Phakathi nesilinganiso esitho kumele kube kuqanda value nalokho eduze. Ukujikeleza alidade kufanele simiswe okwamanje lapho umdlalo ayiphulule ngeqanda nemagugu esitho futhi ngesibonakhulu. Zonke izilinganiso ngenhla lwenziwa umbuthano.

kukhethwa ithuluzi

Ngaphambi kokukhetha idivaysi kufanele banqume ukuthi uhlobo lomsebenzi ezokwenziwa phezu theodolite. Ezimweni eziningi, le elula asondele insimbi, okuyinto has izici isilinganiso. Ngokuvamile, lezi amadivaysi zamanani aphansi. Uma ukhetha theodolite kudivayisi kufanele unake kakhulu nemingcele ezifana idatha kanye inkumbulo yangaphakathi, njengoba abanaso ukusetshenziswa sokusebenza.

Operating Imiyalelo theodolites

Imishini esezingeni theodolite ngamunye ngempela kuhlanganisa yokusetshenziswa. Leli bhukwana uchaza ukulandelana kubulawa imisebenzi kudivayisi. Ukusebenzisa le ncwadi kancane, ungakwazi ukuthola nge lenyama theodolite. Umhlahlandlela yomsebenzisi - lokhu futhi lewaranti futhi idivayisi log. Intengo isilinganiso i theodolite elekthronikhi ruble ayizigidi 50-70.

kuhlelwe kanjani theodolite?

Iziqondiso kuya theodolite iqukethe ulwazi ubuncane mayelana idivayisi. Kuhlanganisa idatha elandelayo:

• ezibekiweko ezibaluleke kakhulu lobuchwepheshe;
• Ububanzi;
• izinkinobho;
• indlela ukufaka ithuluzi futhi ulungiselele ukukala;
• indlela yokusebenzisa idivayisi;
• isiqondiso elitsheni;
• indlela enze Samandla nokusetha ithuluzi;
• anakekele kudivayisi.

Ukufundiswa Ibhukwana ifomu ngephepha compact futhi enza izinto ezihlukahlukene, okungukuthi inzuzo enkulu. Akukona isikhala esiningi futhi ungakwazi ukuthatha nawe. Ngo umyalelo ezinjalo ngeke iqhwa isibonisi LCD, futhi ngeke ahlale kwenkokhelo. Kusukela nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ukuze uthole ukuthi ulwazi olufanele, ngisho noma kunguwena wedwa emkhakheni, esizeni noma umsebenzi.

Iziyalezo theodolite kudivayisi unayo yonke imininingwane mayelana ithuluzi azosiza ukulungisa yokuqinisekisa.

theodolite yasekhaya

4t30p Theodolite - ithandwa kakhulu insimbi geodetic zokukhiqiza yasekhaya. Kwenza Ural Optical kanye Mechanical Plant. Lokhu theodolite libhekwa njengoba lobuchwepheshe ngokunemba amathuluzi. 4t30p Theodolite has izinzuzo ezilandelayo:

• amasampula ziyasuswa nge shkalovogo microscope;
• Ingasetshenziselwa trehshtativny indlela. Kulokhu, sokumelela detachable nge esakhelwe umthofu wokuqondisa optical;
• isibonakude equkethwe isithombe ngqo;
• esitho permutation wenziwa ngesikhathi ujikelezisa screw idivayisi ekhethekile;
• kukhona tribrach esikhiphekayo;
• idivayisi ingasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezahlukene zezulu;
• isisindo ongaphakeme;
• Usayizi encane zedivayisi.

Theodolite isetjentiswe ezindaweni ezilandelayo ngempumelelo:

• ezolimo;
• ohlola;
• landscape design;
• nokwakheka;
• namahlathi.

Lokhu theodolite kudivayisi ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa ezimweni ensimini nokhahlo. Inani theodolite kuyinto ruble ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 50-60.

Ngakho, isinqumo ngesakho theodolite, okuyinto kuncike ngqo umsebenzi walo.