Amasosha omzimba humoral

Amasosha omzimba ivikela umzimba womuntu eziphila ngezinye, amagciwane, ama-bacterium ayingozi, imikhiqizo anobuthi ukuphila kwawo, futhi hhayi kuphela. Kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa phakathi ukumelana umzimba ezifweni ezifana isegazini (non-ethize) kusukela uhlobo aluthola (ethize). Ukuvikelwa isegazini ngokumelene amagciwane kubangelwa ufuzo. Izindlela nonspecific (noma isegazini) amasosha omzimba ukuba Amagciwane amaningi izici phagocytosis nokuvuvukala.

amasosha omzimba Specific kuyinto ngqo Inzwa ukuthola uhlelo komzimba. isenzo sayo sibhekiswe kufundwa ulwazi kusuka bahlaseli pathogenic - antigen nokugcina kwabo. Intracellular atholwe ukumelana ukutheleleka isebenza ukuvikela amaseli isikhala kwangaphakathi. amasosha omzimba humoral It kwenziwe uketshezi extracellular.

amaseli Okokuqala zokuzivikela itheleleke umzimba macrophage ukuthi uthuthe ngokukhululekile oketshezini intercellular, hlanganisa antigen, it is siyachazwa. Ngokuyenga impendulo zokuzivikela ukuxhuma asizayo T umsizi amaseli bese isebenze B-lymphocyte. lymphocyte Ngokushesha kuthiwa Ushintshe, siguqulelwa plasma emangqamuzaneni okuthiwa ukukhiqiza omzimba athile. kwakhiwa elizuzwa ngaleyo ndlela humoral amasosha omzimba kanye kumiswa inkumbulo amaseli ethize, ukugcina ulwazi i antigen. Lapho antigen yesibili kungena emzimbeni efanayo ukuphendula run enamandla omzimba impendulo ingqondo, isibonelo, izimo nomzimba.

amasosha omzimba Humoral incike isilinganiso akhiqizwa umnkantsha ka-T-abasizi ne-T-suppressors, advantageously 2: 1. Lokhu kuqhathaniswa woniwa e-AIDS ncamashi okuphambene 1: 2, ngokuba die T-umsizi amaseli, igciwane itheleleke. Ngakho-ke, uma unesifo uhlala engaziwa, okungukuthi imbangela yokufa umzimba.

Ukwahlukanisa masosha omzimba aphakathi extracellular umzimba

Antigen imvelo ezihlukahlukene ukuze ukulawula kubo uhlelo humoral angakhiqiza 108 ezahlukene kusukela omzimba athile. izigaba eziningi amaprotheni DNA bahlukile isakhiwo yabo, ukucacisa ukwehluka omzimba.

Immunoglobulin, ayisiza kwaba namakilasi amahlanu athatha ukunikeza esitebeleni zokuzivikela impendulo antigen.

1. Class G.

Immunoglobulin G ekilasini emzimbeni womuntu phezu lonke (kufika ku 18 g ilitha). Ig G ukulwa ubuthi, amagciwane kukhona egazini futhi lymph.

2. Class A.

Immunoglobulin, ayisiza kukhona serum-class, labo ukuthi aluka egazini nezindlala secretory ku uketshezi lomzimba. amaprotheni Globular wegazi serum banesibopho amasosha omzimba jikelele. immunoglobulin uketshezi uyabavikela wendawo ezifweni, ubuthi, ukudala yisithiyo kwema- mass yabo. amasosha omzimba Humoral inikezwa yi Iga amasosha omzimba siboniswa Ari, inyumoniya, ezithathelwanayo lesion Tinsita.

3. Ikilasi E.

Class E immunoglobulin, ayisiza abahileleke ngokuqondile ukubhidlika ubuthi phagocytosis izinhlayiya angaphandle, kunenze nisondelane yabo futhi neutralization, ukubhubhisa izingqimba engenhla lamaseli virus. Okuqukethwe Ig E e nokusaketshezi intercellular kwandisa yezifo ezifana ukutheleleka abadala kanye nezingane. Iqembu kuhlanganisa Ig E amasosha erythrocyte abadabuka kwamanye amazwe.

4. Class D.

Immunoglobulin ekilasini D aluka ikakhulukazi nolwelwesi plasma sezitokisi, bese kuthi lokuhlushwa serum kuqhathaniswa ongaphakeme. Umsebenzi amaprotheni Ig D B lymphocyte abonisa lunye okudingekayo, afakiwe nase umsebenzi izinqubo sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba.

5. Class M.

Immunoglobulin Ig M aluka ngaphakathi ezitsheni, ka siguqulwe plasma amaseli ezimweni esiyinhloko ingress antigen emzimbeni. Amaphrotheni Ig M kufaka amasosha omzimba enamandla humoral e bacteremia.