Indawo zesimanje ohlelweni zomhlaba organic

Ososayensi abakubiza ngokuthi anthropology kusukela yethula amafomu East Afrika bokuqala yokhokho (eminyakeni engaba ngu-1.7 million edlule) kuze kube namuhla, kanye bazama ukuthola indawo komuntu isimiso sezwe organic. Waba yini umphumela walesi cwaningo ukudalwa lonke iqembu eyala yesayensi: anthropology, Psychology kwezenhlalo, socionics, ngubani babheka umuntu njengesidalwa into emhlabeni isilwane, akhumbula ukuthi ngempela eliyingqayizivele ukuba ezingokomoya. Kulesi sihloko, thina siphendule lo mbuzo, iyiphi indawo yomuntu ohlelweni eziphilayo emhlabeni ngenxa webumbacambili salo ukuhlanganisa izici umlingisi engokomzimba ezicashile.

Isikhundla taxonomic ka Homo sapiens

Zonke izidalwa eziphilayo ezihlala kule planethi yethu, abe isikhundla kahle kuchaziwe ohlelweni ngezigaba nemvelo. Ake sibheke ukuthi iyindawo yomuntu ohlelweni ezweni organic.

Empire - kuyisigaba evelele ehlelekile. Ibizwa ngokuthi ukuphila. Kube sekulandela taxon like lesizinda (superkingdom). Life kuhlanganisa ezimbili superkingdom: prokaryotes futhi eukaryotes. Indoda ingena esizindeni eukaryotes (eziphilayo Nuclear). Lokhu kulandelwa kwezilwane, uhlobo Chordates, Ezilwane Ezincelisayo ekilasini infraclass esinomhlapho, wezinkawu, umndeni hominid, People bohlobo uhlobo Homo sapiens. Bonke laba bantu abahlala, kufakwe amayunithi ngenhla taxonomic, yakha iqoqo ngokuthi isintu.

Kanjani ukufakazela umsuka isilwane yomuntu

Ucwaningo olwenziwe ososayensi kanye taxonomists isikuqinisekisile ukuthi indawo wale ndoda ohlelweni zomhlaba organic - isigaba Ezilwane Ezincelisayo, okuyinto sihlanganisa enjalo izilwane taxa like amakati, izinja Amalulwane, namagundane, Artiodactyla, nokunye D. Naphezu umehluko zangaphandle. isakhiwo, abamele ezincelisayo esinomhlapho, okubandakanya abantu, kukhona izici ezivamile yokwakheka bokuphila. Lezi zihlanganisa inhliziyo 4-chamber, amabili ukuzungeza, efudumele-bloodedness. Isakhiwo jikelele we plan of the imilenze front and indluzelekazi, kanye amabhande abo bonke izilwane yaleli taxon kufana komzimba womuntu. Ngokwesibonelo, esitho elingenhla kuzo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo siqukethe ehlombe, le ulna kanye engaba namathambo carpal, metacarpal futhi phalanges.

Ngokwanele efanayo abantu futhi esinomhlapho mammalian ukuphendula umzimba. Ngokwesibonelo, cleavage of organic compounds ngenxa yesenzo ama-enzyme, umoya-mpilo ezokuthutha amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, ukwakheka uric acid njengoba umsebenzi ekupheleni umkhiqizo uhlelo excretory. Ingabe izindlela ezivamile isiqondiso Neuro-humoral zokuphila. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ngempela lo muntu ohlelweni eziphilayo emhlabeni buhlobene eduze ne yezilwane ezinomgogodla kufakwe isigaba Ezincelisayo Zasolwandle.

ubufakazi Embryological ubunjalo isilwane yomuntu

Imiphumela Akukhona nje emkhakheni nokwakheka zomzimba ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi thina banendabuko efanayo nezwe isilwane. ubufakazi Serious leli qiniso kukhona izifundo emkhakheni Embryology, ukutadisha ukuthuthukiswa embryonic yezilwane ezinomgogodla, kusukela izinhlanzi esigabeni superclass ezincelisayo. umthetho Biogenetic owasungulwa Haeckel F. 'uMüller, wajoyina ekuthuthukiseni zomlando zohlobo ngalunye oluphilayo zakwazi ne ontogeny lomuntu oyedwa olungelo. Zonke izilwane yezilwane ezinomgogodla, kuhlanganise nabantu, ebanjwa embryogenesis kwesiteji amaqanda, ungqimba olulodwa umbungu - blastula embungwini kabili ungqimba ehlanganisa yi-ectoderm futhi endoderm - gastrula.

Okwakuhlalwa kuzo lapho kusaqalwa yentuthuko ngothi chordate imibungu babe izimbotshana gill, umsila kanye komzimba efanayo. Lokhu kunikeza ubufakazi bokuthi umuntu ohlelweni eziphilayo emhlabeni useduze izilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ososayensi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi bonke ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo ezweni kwaqala entweni zokukhulekela zenkolo ezazivame yokhokho.

Iziqalo kanye atavism

Nge eyala ezifana anatomy ukuqhathanisa, ozichazayo indawo womuntu ohlelweni eziphilayo emhlabeni, njengoba Ukuklanywa komzimba futhi ngabanye izitho ezincelisayo ungabona uxhumano ecacile. Ngokwesibonelo, i-appendix - a rudiment, eqinisekisa ukuthi amadlozi sonke esiba babe herbivorous isilwane amajamo. Futhi nakuba walahlekelwa ukubaluleka yayo ukugaya umuntu uyaqhubeka ukwenza indima ebalulekile ukubhidlika cellulose nezinye eziyivulayo ayabulala izilwane ezidla uhlaza. Lokhu iminonjana njengoba leso lwesithathu, lingasebenzi umsebenzi emzimbeni wabantu, idlala indima ebalulekile ekilasini ezihuquzelayo ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo ezifana nezinyoka.

Kuyinto esingesihle kubantu indlebe imisipha, ngakho pinna cishe ongasanyakazi. Kodwa ngo-oda Carnivora, leli qembu kwemisipha kahle kakhulu athuthukile, babanike ukunakekelwa kanye orientation imvelo.

Atavism: ukubukeka umsila, multimammate, ukukhula obuningi izinwele ebusweni nezinye izingxenye zomzimba - ukhombise indawo yomuntu ohlelweni we organic izwe umbono yomsuka isilwane.

izici yokwakheka elihlobene ne bipedalism

mpo ukuma mkhuba uye waholela ukuvela ezinye izici ku isakhiwo yokwakheka komzimba womuntu. Ngokwesibonelo, S emise emgogodleni ukuma, okwandisa eguquguqukayo kanye ithambisa igalelo anikine ukuhamba futhi egijima, ukuma cupped we ukhalo, okuyinto iyisonto izibilini, ikakhulukazi isakhiwo unyawo - it has a isethi enikeza cushioning kanye nokuvikeleka nasemilenzeni aphansi uma uhamba. Zonke lezi zici iyingqayizivele abantu futhi engatholakali yinoma uluphi uhlobo isilwane. Lokhu kubonisa indawo ekhethekile emhlabeni womuntu uhlelo yesimanje organic ehlukanisa kusuka kwamanye amalungu kwezilwane.

izici zomphakathi yokuziphendukela kwemvelo

Bipedalism zifeze indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni abantu womuntu. esitho Upper - isandla - ebugqilini nemisebenzi ukunyakaza futhi zaqala ukusetshenziswa ukwenza obucayi eziyinkimbinkimbi imisebenzi: izincwadi, yesiteleka, ukudlala izinsimbi zomculo, njll Ikhono kukhishwe bese usebenzisa umlilo isivikelo, futhi kokulungiselela ukudla thermally kusetshenzwe ngokuphelele .. wehlukanisa amalungu zinhlobo Homo sapiens kwezinye izilwane, futhi kumakwe nomuntu okuhlukile isimiso sezwe organic.

Ukuthuthukiswa ukucabanga futhi inkulumo

Ukusetshenziswa amathuluzi yokufakelwa futhi ukuphila emiphakathini bakudala okuye kwaholela ekwakhekeni uhlelo mkhosi qualitatively ezahlukene, okuyinto ihlukile "ulimi isilwane". Inkinga oxhumana interneural ngakwesokungxele nenkabazwe futhi frontal Lobe (endaweni Wernicke futhi Broca) enikeziwe ukusebenza izindawo ukuqonda kanye motor amakhono yokukhuluma. Ikhono imisebenzi eziyinkimbinkimbi engqondo: ukuhlaziya, zamagama, Abstraction - kuwumphumela yokuziphendukela kwemvelo - anthropogenesis. It kwaholela ekumisweni zanamuhla begazi kwezinhlobo Homo sapiens.

kwemvelo kanye nemvelo ezimbili yomuntu

Ukuba yingxenye nemvelo futhi kuncike ukuthuthukiswa yayo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo umphakathi wabantu uwonke, kanye zonke ngamunye ke kuveza ubuhlobo bakhe social ziye zasungula ngenxa izici zomlando, zenkolo namasiko kwenani womuntu ezahlukene. Lokhu isiyalo wezesayensi sociobiology, okuyinto ngokuyisisekelo iyiqoqo zofuzo, kwabantu, biology, Psychology, uzama ukuxhumanisa ku lonke okuhlala kwemvelo, esebenza emvelweni, nge asho into ngeso lomuntu ezifana sokukhathalela namasiko. Ziyakwazi alawula izimpendulo womuntu zokuziphatha futhi zibangele umehluko yayo olukhulu kusukela ikhaliphe futhi isilwane imizwelo engokwemvelo.

Humanity kanye model yayo nomphakathi

Elibanzi ahlola indima yabaphathi begazi yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, kodwa futhi ngenxa Okusondele nemvelo, kumelwe sikhumbule ukuthi zonke amaqiniso angenhla ukufakazela ukuthi Sapiens zinhlobo Homo kulo anthropogenesis kwakhiwa ngaphansi komthetho ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi wesintu, owayefundelwa kwabantu, i-social science, Psychology . ebuhlotsheni bomuntu emhlabeni isilwane kubonakala kahle isayensi ezifana biology. Beka umuntu ohlelweni eziphilayo emhlabeni uhlukile, ngoba uyisidalwa ezimbili.

Lokhu kuboniswa zonke lezi zinkolelo-mbono ezingokomoya nefilosofi eyaziwa ukuthi zibe khona eBhabhiloni lasendulo, Greece Nombuso WaseRoma. Bakhandwa aguqulwe futhi kwavela njengoba imibono lezinkolo ezinkulu emhlabeni: yobuJuda, ubuKristu, ubuSulumane nobuBuddha. Izizinda ngobukhulu impucuko izwe kwavela ngesisekelo ubudlelwane kwezenhlalo noma kwezomnotho. Siyabonga kubo, naye bakha ifomu ekhethekile lwezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni, esibizwa esintwini.