Impendulo isicelo lesiguli, "Chaza indlela lapho kumiswa umchamo eyinhloko"

Man ngokuvamile aphuze mayelana 2.5 amalitha amanzi ngosuku. Ukuze lokhu kufanele wanezela ngevolumu 400 ml, okuyinto umphumela ekonakaleni kwamafutha, ukudla okumahhadla nomoya-amaprotheni. Izidumbu main athwala amanzi excretion emzimbeni, izinso. Ingcenye encani yalokhu kubonakala kulula, isikhumba kanye indle. Abaningi baye bezwa amazwi anjengokuthi umchamo zamabanga aphansi naphezulu. Kodwa abaningi abazi ukuthi siyini. Ngokuvamile iziguli kudokotela nesicelo. "Chaza indlela lapho eyinhloko umchamo yakheke," - bona Cela. Isihloko Sizokwenza lolu daba kabanzi.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Esikhathini izinso nephrons waphawula ezimbili isigaba kumiswa ketshezi. Wabe uyiswa uhlelo excretory nezinso. Masizame wakuchaza kanjani ukwakheka etholakalayo uketshezi nezinso. Ngakho ukuphendula umbuzo ezivamile iziguli cela ifomu elandelayo: ". Chaza ukuthi nalapho kumiswa umchamo eyinhloko" Kanjani izigaba? umchamo Primary kwakheka nephrons corpuscles. Isigaba sesibili senzeka tubules we nephron. umchamo Primary kwakhiwa kusukela glomeruli amaphilisi capillary izindonga kanye ungqimba kwangaphakathi okuyinto babe impahla filtration. Capillary igazi glomeruli senzeka ngaphansi kwengcindezi ezingaphezu kuka kwezinye izitho. It is adalwe umehluko ububanzi eziveza sekuthunjweni imithambo yegazi, okuyinto ekuqaleni kabili. High blood pressure kunomthelela filtration yayo ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi lwama-capillary ye glomerulus phakathi capsule. Ngakho, umchamo eyinhloko ezakhiwe umehluko ingcindezi. Zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-izinso ngokwayo badabula igazi okuyinto ukuxhumana kwangaphakathi isitsha izindonga. endaweni yabo glomeruli ifinyelela 1.5-2 amamitha. Ukuphendula isicelo iziguli, "Chaza indlela lapho kumiswa umchamo eyinhloko," kufanele kuholele futhi abanye izinombolo. Ngakho, ngosuku ekhiqizwa cishe 180 amalitha uketshezi, okuyinto ke zithutha kusuka emzimbeni. Ngakho ilitha ke elicwengekileyo nge 10 amalitha esilazayo igazi.

isakhiwo

Ukuphendula isicelo, "Chaza indlela lapho kumiswa umchamo eyinhloko," kumele kusho, kanye nokwakheka kwayo, njengoba indawo kumiswa uketshezi kunomthelela oqonde ngqo ku oyiyo. Esikhathini 1st isigaba kumiswa iqukethe cishe zonke izingxenye igazi. Okuhlukile eliphezulu yamangqamuzana amaprotheni isisindo corpuscles. Futhi, umchamo esasingahlala e primary umzimba imikhiqizo efana urea, uric acid nabanye. Ngokulandelayo, wabe e glomeruli kusukela tubules ka nephrons, lapho reabsorption wenziwa egazini amino acid, amavithamini, glucose, amanzi kanye nosawoti. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi reabsorption. Endabeni igazi elikhulu inani ngabanye izinto, ezinye ingxenye okungukuthi hhayi ukusivumela emuva.

izakhiwo

I izici eziyinhloko zamakhambi umchamo eyinhloko zihlanganisa:

1. I ongaphakeme ingcindezi osmotic, okuyinto eyenzeka ngokuqondene ne yakhoibrium ulwelwesi.
2. Kumiswa umthamo omkhulu ngosuku. Kungaba azisizi amashumi amalitha. Njengoba sazi ukuthi lonke igazi sidlula izinso izikhathi cishe angamakhulu amathathu, emini umzimba uyakwazi ukuhlunga kuze amalitha ayizinkulungwane kwegazi. Ngakho-ke, senziwa ngu-180 wamalitha umchamo yokuqala esigabeni.

Kusukela umchamo kwakheka isigaba sokuqala, igazi ukusivumela izinto eziwusizo ukuze umzimba.

Glomerular filtration isilinganiso (GFR)

GFR kulawulwa esebenzisa izindlela kwemizwa kanye humoral. Glomerular filtration isilinganiso kuthonywa zingxenye ezilandelayo:

- glomerular arteriolar ithoni, ukulalela inombolo kanye nezinga edlulisa wegazi filtration;

- ithoni mesangial amaseli okuyizinto ezicutshini elise phakathi capillary nephron glomerular kanye ebusweni zokuhlunga;

- amandla visceral amaseli EPITHELIAL futhi ukusebenza kwawo.

Eminye yale miphumela humoral, okuhlanganisa prostaglandidy, epinephrine, norepinephrine, atriopeptidy, adenosine, nabanye, bayakwazi ukwandisa noma ukunciphisa glomerular filtration isilinganiso. Indima ebaluleke kunazo zonke e nokudlala wakhe njalo cortical ukugeleza kwegazi autoregulation.

yesibili umchamo kwetinhlavu kanye ngezithako zawo

Usuku lonke ukhiqiza 1.5 amalitha uketshezi. Ukuze lasungulwa kudinga 150-180 amalitha eyinhloko. Ngokusebenzisa esidlangalaleni ngendlela ukuwa ku esinyeni. Kule incazelo it is excreted ngaphandle. I tubules esikuthola mayelana 99% amanzi eziqukethwe umchamo primary, futhi iqukethe umsoco. Ngu yesibili Ukwakheka uketshezi kuyahluka kakhulu kusukela kwakheka isigaba 1st. Akukona aqukethe ushukela, usawoti kakhulu futhi ama-amino acid. Nokho, kukhona ezingeni anda emakamu sulfate urea, uric acid, phosphate kanye nezinye izingxenye.

nokusebenza kwezinso

Esimeni ukushoda emzimbeni usawoti, it is hhayi excreted ku umchamo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinso enze umsebenzi ukuzinza of ezingeni izinto ezidingekayo emzimbeni womuntu. Okungukuthi, ukusiza ukuqeda ukubambezeleka okungadingekile kanye izingxenye abalahlekile. I tubules we nephron, ngaphandle reabsorption yamanzi nokuba kulo izinto ageleze kungenzeka izakhi umchamo, okuyinto abakwazi ukudlula isihlungi izinso endleleni esuka capillary phakathi capsule glomerular. izakhi ezinjalo izidakamizwa (ikakhulukazi antibiotic), upende kanye nabanye. Umchamo kwakhiwa okuyinto e izinso, ureters ingena kusukela izinkomishi kwezinso odlulayo ukhalo. Ngenxa Rhythmic Kufinyeta of imisipha ezokuthutha iziteshi, uketshezi notshwala ku esinyeni. Nokho, kukhona umchamo imisiwe isikhathi esithile ngaphambi kokuba ligcwele.