Imfundiso yokuziphendukela inkontileka nomphakathi - essence yayo nomlando ukuthuthukiswa

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela inkontileka kwezenhlalo ezavela engu- ifilosofi Ukukhanyiselwa, uthi indlela enjalo nomphakathi njengoba isimo kwandulelwe isimo engokwemvelo yomuntu. zefilosofi Advanced kwaleso sikhathi, Hobbes, Rousseau nabanye njengento engokwemvelo inkululeko siqu angenamkhawulo, kodwa abanye bacabanga ukuthi ukuthi le nkululeko Ngakho abaphikisa intando yabantu ababebazungezile, nabanye - ukuthi kwaba isisekelo sokuthethelelwa ukuthula emphakathini lasekuqaleni.

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela inkontileka social Hobbes nezinye zefilosofi imfundo kusho nokuthi ukuvela isimo kwaba umphumela isenzo zomthetho - eqinisweni, engokwemvelo kakhulu yesivumelwano, okuyinto umphumela we entandweni yabantu abaye yanquma beveza indlela ye-lula abaphilayo ukuqinisekisa kangcono inkululeko. Engingakusho evula isikhathi walo wawenziwe embonweni wokuthi amandla nkosi kaveli kuNkulunkulu, kodwa kubantu, nokuthi umsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko kufanele kube ngaphezu kwakho konke, kuvikelwe namalungelo kanye nenkululeko yezakhamizi. ngokugcwele Iningi umbono uboniswe imisebenzi kaPawulu Holbach. Ngokwalokho akuloba, umqondo intando engcwele yenkosi futhi ilungelo ukukhonza kuphela njengezaba zokungasebenzi ukuze bathole amandla engalawuliwe futhi umbuso wendluzula kuphela. Okusho ukuthi, ingxenye umphakathi esetshenziswa esikhethekile futhi esephula isivumelwano zemvelo. Ukusebenzisa isimiso yokungezwani "uhlukanise futhi umthetho" Amakhosi Nihlwanyelé phakathi izakhamuzi ukuze abe umbusi ngokuphelele. Whim yenkosi lamiswao phakathi komthetho, futhi ephendukezela le kwesokudla yemvelo abantu ekushintsheni ezingqondweni zabo futhi ukuhlwanyela imbewu okubi. Umbono wakhe sasekelwa zefilosofi eziningi imfundo ngaleso sikhathi futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, Radischev, ngokuvumelana umbono ukuthi isimo ayidalwanga ngesikhathi bethanda ekuhlaleni kwenkosi esihlalweni sobukhosi, futhi sokuvikelwa esiphumelela ngokwengeziwe amalungelo kwabacindezelwe.

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela inkontileka social Locke wagomela ngokuthi iyiphi ekudalweni obunokuthula isimo kwaba isizathu isivumelwano phakathi kwezakhamizi kanye Ngakho-ke kufanele kube isimiso ematheni ukusungulwa isimo.

Kodwa ukuchaza ngokucacile kakhulu umqondo 'theory inkontileka social "wanika isazi sefilosofi Rousseau. Ngokusho kwakhe, umsebenzi oyinhloko yesivumelwano yezenhlalakahle nokuthola leli fomu sobunye phakathi kwabantu, lapho ngamunye ukuxhuma zonke, kuyilapho uyalalela yena kuphela futhi uhlala mathupha khulula. Isimo ekahle Russo - lena amandla lapho izakhamuzi ngokuzithandela ukunikeza abanye inkululeko yabo ukuze kuzuzwe benhlalakahle yomphakathi. Ngakho, abantu Akasekho umuntu, kodwa hlobo luni lomphakathi - umuntu ngokomthetho (obizwa nangokuthi i-republic nomphakathi civil). A indima enkulu kudlalwa yimithetho fair lo mphakathi. Ngokusho Rousseau uhlelo efiseleka kakhulu lithembeke umthetho oqondile. Kuphela inhlanganisela uquqaba izophela imithetho evimbela inkululeko ngenxa ukuze kufinyelelwe umgomo ofanayo, futhi akukho eNgophezukonke alinalo ilungelo awephule. Komphakathi theory inkontileka lithi futhi abantu banelungelo simelane omashiqela, nokukhawulela amalungelo abo esisemthethweni, kanye nomqondo ilungelo waphezulu ohlanga ngokuphelele - hhayi ningi than isifiso abonakele amandla abalambele nkosi. Lomqondo uye waba wamavukelambuso ngempela isikhathi.

Rousseau wagomela ukuthi nombuso, okusekelwe othandweni yezakhamuzi zakhe ezinhle, kodwa kunemibandela kuphela, futhi kungase kungabi imbangela amalungelo ayo ekhethekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma yimuphi njengoMbusi wendawo yonke ekuphishekeleni amandla azothanda buthaka abantu, kangangokuba wayengeke Ungamniki ukumelana futhi kungagcini amandla akhe ezazizozuzisa uyohlale ngaye kwasekuqaleni.

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela inkontileka kwezenhlalo kwakheka isisekelo imibono eminingi uthi eziphambili ezikhathini zanamuhla - United States of America, French Republic, futhi lelo yilungelo eliqinisekiswe imithethosisekelo yabo.