Iklabishi "umqali": incazelo ezihlukahlukene

Akukhona nje gardener lotidzelako injabulo ukubeka iklabishi ukuthi ngesikhathi sasehlobo kukhona amasaladi fresh and borscht okumnandi, kanti ebusika bazithokozise ukhukhamba zifakwe emanzini anosawoti.

Kuye izimo sezulu zonke wensimu ekhetha ezihlukahlukene iklabishi, elisetendeni sezulu layo ukunikeza isivuno enkulu. Kodwa kukhona F1 iklabishi umqali - izinhlobo sekwephuzile-yokuvuthwa, ngokukhethekile abalimi Dutch sikhule ngisho izimo ezinzima kakhulu umkhankaso.

izinhlobonhlobo Hybrid iklabishi

Zonke izinhlobonhlobo iklabishi zihlukaniswe yokuvuthwa:

• Zakuqala-ukukhula izinhlobonhlobo iveza isitshalo ngo-June, inkathi izimila kuthatha izinsuku ezingu-120. Lezi izinhlobo agcinwa isikhathi esifushane kakhulu, kufanelekile stewing, abilayo futhi salads.
• izinhlobonhlobo okulingene ekuseni uvuthwe ngaphezulu kwezinsuku 121-130 elandelayo. Leli thebula uhlobo iklabishi asifanele pickling.
• Mid-amamaki okufuna izinsuku 131 kuya ku-145 ngaphambi kokuvuna. agcinwe kahle kuze kufike uNyaka Omusha, okuhle ngaso pickling nokupheka.
• izinhlobonhlobo Srednepozdnie - kusuka 146 kuya 160 izinsuku yokuguga. Okuhle agcinwe, idluliselwe zokuthutha, babe isethulo amahle isicelo jikelele.
• izinhlobo sekwephuzile-yokuvuthwa (izinsuku ezingu 161-180) zigcinwa kuze kube sekuvuneni esilandelayo, kukhona kangcono salting, pickling futhi marinades.

Ukuze ulondoloze isikhala kwisayithi, wekadeni phakathi ebangeni kumele singeqi 10-15% of the iklabishi zokutshala kanye srednepozdnie nezinhlobonhlobo ngasekupheleni hlala 70-90% kwendawo kutshalwa. Kuyinto okunengqondo maqondana nokuphila eshalofini kanye nekhwalithi ngasekupheleni iklabishi ukhukhamba.

Ngokwesibonelo, hybrid iklabishi umqali, ikakhulukazi incazelo ezihlukahlukene ke idonsela ukunakekela, elakhelwe pickling, futhi walondoloza ngokuphelele kuze kube sekuvuneni esilandelayo. izinhlobonhlobo Early ayifanele pickling futhi ezibhekwa Cutlery.

incazelo umqali ezihlukahlukene

Abazalanisi ezivela emazweni ahlukahlukene baye bazishisa umsebenzi ukuletha izinhlobonhlobo imifino okuyokunika okusezingeni eliphezulu isivuno ukusebenza ngisho izimo ezinzima kakhulu. Maqondana iklabishi ngenkathi ehola ososayensi Dutch.

Iklabishi umqali F1, zichazele kahle ngokuzokwenzeka hybrid:

• Libhekisela ngasekupheleni-grade;
• Aging isikhathi kusuka ayihlwanyelayo ukuba yokuvuthwa kuthatha izinsuku 120;
• stably iyezwa okushisa kanye ukungabikho ukuthambisa njalo;
• efanelekayo imbewu emhlabathini evulekile;
• Inikeza 100% ukuhluma;
• iklabishi akuzona ekuthonyweni ngokuhlaziya;
• It siye sathuthukisa ukukhuthazela;
• hybrid akuyona afune izinto ngenkani kwabanye ukunakekelwa okukhethekile;
• It has palatability eliphezulu;
• ezifanele ukusetshenziswa ku ifomu fresh futhi isibilile;
• yamazinga aphezulu okungabi ukuphila eshalofini;
• iklabishi abe isisindo 3-5 kg, round noma ukuma flat;
• olumelana timo letisisekelo.

Ngenxa yalezi zimfanelo grade iklabishi umqali iba isivakashi njalo amasayithi izifunda ne sezulu ezingezinhle noma ukungabi ukuthambisa avamile. Iqiniso lokuthi lokhu hybrid akudingi abashayeli bamaloli ukunakekelwa njalo futhi yokudla, okwenza kube intandokazi zalabo abangakwazi ichitha isikhathi esiningi indawo yakhe.

izithombo ezikhulayo

Kusukela iklabishi umqali (incazelo kuqinisekisa lokhu) linamandla kakhulu izimo ezingezinhle, izithombo zingatshalwa ngokuqondile ekhanyayo. Kulabo balimi ngubani namanje ukhetha ngokwesiko ukuhlwanyela imbewu e izinkomishi noma Peat iphilisi, kufanele wenze kanjalo ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli.

Likhula izithombo ekhaya lidinga ukukhanya nokushisa, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi lapho imbewu dweba. Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni isitsha wokuhlwanyela kumele zigcinwe sill ohlangothini libalele ngesikhathi + 15-18 degrees. Njengoba zikhula, kukhona isidingo sokwenza amahlumela egumbini nge lokushisa 6-8, uma kungeke kwenzeke lokhu, kungenzeka ukuba ugcine usuku izithombo ngaphandle noma kuvulandi, futhi ebusuku ngibambe indlu.

Lokhu kumele kwenziwe ukuze amahlumela amasha awuhambanga okusheshayo ekukhuleni, noma welula, kodwa hhayi amahlumela eqinile afe.

izithombo ezikhulayo ekhanyayo

Zokuhlwanyela e ekhanyayo esiqhutshwa ngasekupheleni kuka-April. Ngenxa yalesi kusengaphambili kufanele uzilungiselele yisithombo flower embhedeni ohlangothini libalele futhi idrayivu nezikhonkwane ukudonsa ifilimu kubo.

Umhlabathi engadini humus ngokwanele ukuba zalisa buhlanjululwe ukuba izithombo bazibonise benamandla futhi wayengafuni ukuba yokudla ezengeziwe.

I izimbobo ezincane kumele aphonse nge imbewu 2-3, futhi aphume mncane, kokushiya amahlumela eziqine njengoba zikhula. Okokuqala kunesidingo ukubeka imbewu asanda achanyuselwa eshiya ifilimu ngobusuku, kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho ukuya ukukhula, Ukuvikelwa kungaba zisuswe.

Njengoba noma yimuphi izithombo iklabishi, kungakhathaliseki letihlungiwe noma hybrid, ayithandi Pick, ukufakelwa kusuka indawo ayijwayele yisithombo imibhede ayinhloko kukhona kancane ubuhlungu, futhi izinga lokusinda ishesha kakhulu.

Iklabishi "umqali" (incazelo, ukubuyekezwa labo ikhule dwebela) kunikeza 100% ukuhluma, izithombo etholakale okunamandla, futhi okusezingeni eliphezulu sokuvuna.

Uyabakhathalela iklabishi umqali

Ukuze uthole iklabishi amahle ngaphansi kwemifantu ezingaba nesisindo ngaphendle ezinhle, kukhona ezinye imithetho okufanele zilandelwe.

Iklabishi umqali F1, incazelo ezihlukahlukene njengoba kukhonjisiwe, akudingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, kodwa abanye imithetho kufanele kubhekwe:

• ukuchelela ayikwazi ukukhiqiza amanzi abandayo, kumele ukufuthelana lokushisa lasendlini;
• ukuhambisana ibanga at izithombo ayihlwanyelayo, futhi Swordplay wakhe ukunikeza iklabishi bakhulu banamandla;
• yobudala kwamagciwane ngoba Pick akufanele idlule izinsuku 35-40;
• pre-avundiswe humus nokumbiwa umquba umbhede ukugwema ukuvundiswa ezengeziwe futhi unike isivuno esihle.

Lezi zimfuneko ezimbalwa ukuthi kuzothatha isikhathi eside abalimi. Uma unga ukuthambisa hhayi njalo, kwanele ukuba uyibambe kanye ngesonto, kodwa kakhulu ngokucophelela. Ukuxega inhlabathi ngokwanele ukuchitha izikhathi 2-3 phakathi nayo yonke inkathi sokukhulelwa. Ngokokuqala ngqá e ngesonto emva Pick, ngokuzayo - amasonto 2-3, kanti owokugcina uyoba ngo - ngesikhathi kumiswa ikhanda.

Izinkomba okungalungile iklabishi ukukhula

Nakuba iklabishi umqali (incazelo isho lesi) akuyona hybrid ezihlotshisiwe, kodwa hhayi kwenziwe sparring qualitatively kwangaphambilini ngaphambi umsebenzi zingancishiswa "cha" zonke sokuvuna.

Into esemqoka kahle avundiswa inhlabathi. Isitshalo kumele kube endaweni ethile ukuthatha izakhi ukuze ikhule. Uma wensimu ngakho Ungakhathazeki, ngisho, isivuno siba simbi akudingekile ukuba asolwe, amahlumela ezinhle - it is a yemifino ukubonakala kwakhe lonke ubonisa ukuthi awunazo.

• Uma amaqabunga aphansi baqale phuzi futhi wome, kufanele kube ne ukuthambisa elilandelayo add nitrogen fertilizer.
• Lapho amahlamvu angabe esakwazi nokunwebeka, ekubeni wavy noma "ukushwabana", ukungabi khona potassium enhlabathini.
• Lapho amahlamvu abasha avele namabala amhlophe noma nemithende, kubalulekile ukondla isitshalo nge-calcium. Lokhu kumele kwenziwe uma nje awuzange kufakwe ngesikhathi yokuvuthwa yekhanda, noma ikhanda futhi ngeke kwakhiwa noma kuyoba engaqinile.
• Inkinga ezivamile ezifundeni kakhulu ukungabi khona inhlabathi magnesium manganese. Ngezinye iklabishi ke kubonakala ngesimo amahlamvu ziyaqothuka nge zemabula emithanjeni.
• Lapho amahlamvu iklabishi kodwa omunye ikhanda avele kochanchiki xaxa, noma isitshalo ngombala esikhundleni inhloko we esibelethweni, isivuno ngeke ngenxa yokuntuleka uxhumano lokudlulisa futhi molybdenum enhlabathini.
• Uma Amaqabunga zomile, futhi iklabishi kuthiwa esigaxe eside, "kusho" iklabishi ukuthi wayedinga phosphorus.

Ukuze ugweme lezi zinkinga, kungcono ukwenza ingxenye umquba ukukha yisithombo kanye kanye ngesikhathi kumiswa amakhanda. Iklabishi umqali (incazelo kuqinisekisa umkhiqizo high quality) ngeke ngiyabonga imizamo sokuvuna mningi ukuze lona, liyokuma kuze kube ukuhlwanyelwa esilandelayo.

izintwala

Njenganoma iyiphi isitshalo, iklabishi naso siye 'izitha' ngesimo izifo kanye izinambuzane eziwuhlupho. Ibanga umqali iklabishi (incazelo ukhuluma ukumelana isifo) is hhayi itheleleke nge Ukuswaba kanye thrips, kodwa awuvikele whiteflies kanye aphid, kusadingeka.

Ukuze avimbele ngokuphelele zitha uthanda ukudla iklabishi, kungaba eduze imibhede ukutshala dill, exosha izinambuzane. Isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi ayithandi iklabishi fly, ngakho-ke kuba uyelulekwa Tshala emehlweni.

Abalimi abanolwazi bathi aphid is kahle etshalwe yezinto ukusiza izimbali ubude Marigolds. Abenzi kuphela ukunikeza umthunzi nokugcina umswakama emhlabathini, kodwa futhi angenze aphid elinganeliseki. Ezinjalo njengoba iklabishi patch ibukeka emangalisayo futhi kumnandi.

Isitoreji kanye nokusetshenziswa izinhlobo umqali

Isitolo iklabishi iklabishi lokhu kalula, ngakho bayalondolozwa kahle kuze kube sekuvuneni esilandelayo. Lokhu kungenziwa endaweni sela noma idokodo eshalofini noma amabhokisi nge izimbobo. I umqali uphelele ngosawoti ebusika, pickling futhi ukusetshenziswa fresh.

Uma kungekho isikhala isitoreji emashalofini, ungakwazi ukubophela futhi iklabishi okwesikhashana ophahleni noma Racks, inqobo nje uma ningathinti nomunye.

Commercial izinga hybrid

Iklabishi umqali ebangeni kunenzuzo hhayi kuphela ukusetshenziswa siqu, kodwa futhi ngoba esakhula ukudayiswa. Uma inani lemali yezwe ivumela, lokhu ezihlukahlukene - ukhetho kangcono esikhulu eliphezulu izitshalo izindleko aphansi.

Futhi iklabishi transportable ngokuphelele, okuyinto neze kuthinta kakhulu ngokubukeka kwabo.