Imbewu ukuhluma: imigomo nemibandela. Indlela hlola ukuhluma kwembewu ka pepper

Lapho kuqala izinsuku zokuqala kwentwasahlobo, balimi abalandeli bathoma ukucabanga isivuno sabo esisha. Futhi musa nje ucabange sebeqala kakade ukwenza. Phela, kule ndaba into esemqoka - ungaphuthelwa isikhashana.

Ngo kusaqalwa ekuqaleni ukuba anakekele ukulungiswa izithombo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abaningi bebuza: indlela yokuthuthukisa le mbewu? Akuwona wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ikusize uyifinyelele lokhu. Kodwa ukuphendula lo mbuzo, kumelwe lowo muntu siqonde kuqala ukuthi yini ukuhluma.

Umqondo ukuhluma

Ngaphansi le mbewu baqonde ikhono lazo ziqhume bese ukuqinisekisa izitshalo esikhathini esizayo. Eqinisweni, ungafaniswa nezempilo. Lo mqondo kuhilela isimo jikelele ngamunye imbewu, nokwethembeka kwalo beqinile, amandla kanye nesikhathi esidingekayo ukuze ukuhluma.

Imbewu ukuhluma ngokuvamile wezwakalisa njengoba amaphesenti. Kulinganiselwa njengoba isilinganiso sesibalo imbewu imila ingqikithi. Ungalindeli ukuthi izinga ukuhluma kuyoba ulingana 100%. Kumila ungalilahli miphumela. Njalo uhlala kuze kube-10% imbewu musa ziqhume. Lesi sibalo kubhekwa okuhle kakhulu.

Izimo letitsintsa ukuhluma

Amaphesenti ukuhluma kwezinhlobo imbewu kuncike ezicini eziningana. Phakathi kwabo kukhona lokhu okulandelayo:

• imbewu Age. Lezi imiqondo ezimbili inversely ezihlobene. Kukhula engu-imbewu, ephansi izinga ukuhluma. Ngakho-ke, imbewu balele isikhathi esithile, udinga ukuhlola ngokucophelela.

• Impilo. amasiko ahlukene obuhlukahlukene ukuphila eshalofini. Kwezinye, akusiyo esingaphezu konyaka, kuyilapho abanye bakwazi ukufinyelela iminyaka 5. imbewu oluhlaza zigcinwa okungenani (parsley, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, fennel nokunye). Kodwa imbewu utamatisi, ukhukhamba yabonisa ukuhluma okuhle ngisho nangemva kweminyaka 4-5.

• Norma ukuhluma isiko. Ngo izitshalo zinhlobo ezahlukene ihlukile futhi izinga esimisiwe ukuhluma. Ngokwesibonelo, imbewu okusanhlamvu, ubhontshisi, itheniphu show ukuhluma evamile 90-95%. Nokho, esikhundleni isilinganiso ukuhluma (60-70%) is ejwayelekile beetroot, iklabishi, utamatisi. Inani eliphansi kakhulu ukuhluma - imbewu dill, parsley. He is 35-55%.

• izimo Storage. Imbewu ukuhluma kuyoba ephakeme uma zigcinwa kahle. Lokhu kumele kwenziwe egumbini ezomile lapho izinga lokushisa luphakathi degrees 10 (hhayi ngaphezulu kuka Igumbi lokushisa). imbewu Isitolo Kunconywa ngendwangu izikhwama.

Ngaphezu mibandela engenhla, ke kwaphawuleka ukuthi imbewu eqoqwe mathupha igcinwe ezithengiwe kangcono. Futhi, ngokufanele, kungcono ziqhume. Kulokhu, ungaqiniseka of engu-imbewu, grade nokuphepha kwabo.

Indlela imbewu kufanele ihlolwe?

Hlola ukuhluma imbewu yemifino kungaba kusukela ngoFebhuwari. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngokuvamile hlola imbewu yemifino. Ngokuqondene imibala, bahlola ingase ihlale kuze kube sekupheleni entwasahlobo. Lokhu kuzoncika isikhathi kwezitshalo zokutshala.

Ukulungiselela imbewu kuyisinyathelo sokuqala ukuthola isivuno esihle. Futhi ukuchitha kulesi sigaba kumele kuhambisane nemithetho:

• On the isembozo njalo ecacisiwe laboratory ukuhluma. Lokhu value limelela ukuhluma kwezinhlobo imbewu ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele. Kodwa lesi silinganiso ongenakuwufinyelela empilweni yangempela. Ukuze uthole elilinganayo kulo msebenzi, kudingeka kuthathe amayunithi 15.

• Hlola usuku nokupakisha, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi lokuphekiwe isembozo. Uma imbewu zigcinwe izikhwama zepulasitiki ne ucwecwe, impilo eshalofini ke kungenziwa enwetshiwe kancane.

• Bheka okuhle umlayezo oyimfihlo, elitholakala kwi isembozo. Ukumaka «F1» kusho ukuthi imbewu zinezikhathi isivuno high, ukumelana. Ukukhonjwa uhlamvu "B" ibonisa ukuthi imbewu ziye zaphathwa nge-oksijini ukuze sokukhulisa iphesenti ukuhluma.

Lezi amathiphu kuyokusiza ukuthenga imbewu nge ukusebenza okuhamba phambili.

Hlola ukuhluma ekhaya

Lesi sigaba belungiselela betshala, cabanga ngesibonelo esilandelayo. Ake sibone ukuthi ukuhlola imbewu ukuhluma kwezinhlobo pepper. Okokuqala, udinga ubambe Samandla yabo. Imbewu iphakethe ngeke kuphinde kube njengasekuqaleni. Kubo ukukhetha ezinkulu kakhulu futhi ezisindayo. Engenalutho, ezilimele, izindawo kungenziwa kulahliwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho okudingeke ukuba ulungiselele saline at lokuhlushwa 4-5%. Ngenxa yalesi usawoti isipuni u buhlanjululwe in 1 litre amanzi. Ukuze lokhu isixazululo ziyakhishwa imbewu akhethiwe of pepper kanye wasuka lapho mayelana 2 h. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, imbewu embi ukuntanta futhi onqenqema ezisebenzisekayo kuze kufike phansi. Labo ukuthi kuye kwavela, kungenziwa ilahlwe. Ezinye izindaba zika-usawoti waba wageza.

Isithombe esinembile kungatholakala ngenye indlela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, cwilisa ucezu gauze bese ugoba emkhatsini. Phakathi laphakathi ukubeka imbewu. imbewu abaningi akudingeki, kuyoba okwanele izinto nje 10. Shiya kubo amasonto amabili. Into esemqoka - ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi indwangu ingabe yini wome. Ekupheleni ukubala iphesenti ukuhluma. yi Good - 80%. Uma ukubaluleka lingaphansi kuka-30% imbewu esetshenziswa akwenzi mqondo.

Cabanga ngesibonelo kanjani ukuhlola imbewu ukuhluma kwezinhlobo pepper, ungaqala ukuthatha isinyathelo. Ngokusekelwe isibonelo, ungabheka imbewu kanye nezinye izitshalo.

Imigomo imbewu ukuhluma

On imbewu ukuhluma kuthonywa lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• Lokushisa. Ayanda ukubaluleka, ngokushesha lo izohluma. Lokhu kungenxa ukusetshenziswa enkulu amanzi.

• Inani lamanzi. Inani umswakama incike isiko oyifunayo. Iningi abadinga amanzi, i-sugar beet, ubhontshisi, imbewu yefilakisi.

• Oxygen. Phakathi ukuhluma kwezinhlobo imbewu ukudla iyakhula.

• Khanyisa. Le nkomba alithintwa nhlobo izitshalo. Kukhona amasiko ukuthi ayibi elangeni. Ukuze ekwandeni kwamanye kwelanga ukukhanya liyadingeka.

Uzokhetha kwezimiso uzothola izithombo sesilungile ukuhluma ngesikhathi esifanele.

Uma izithombo ongakulindela?

Ukubukeka amahlumela zokuqala - inqubo okuthakazelisayo. Ilinde kuye kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi amasonto. Isikhathi sokulinda kuzoncika nemibandela kokwehla. Timing ukuhluma kwezinhlobo imbewu ngezilimo ezihlukahlukene kungabonwa ethebuleni elingezansi.

Njengoba singabona, imbewu ngamanye bayakwazi ziqhume ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Indlela esheshayo sikhule amahlumela, radishes, isithombo, utamatisi. Badinga 4 kuphela 7 izinsuku ukutshala ngaphandle futhi kusukela 3 kuya kwezingu 6 lapho esekhulile endlini. Omude kunayo yonke owake kuyodingeka ulinde izaqathe, u-anyanisi, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi.

Icubungula isheshisa ukuhluma

Abalimi abanolwazi bayazi ukuthi kukhona izindlela ezimbalwa ukuze kusheshiswe ukuhluma imbewu. Zakhiwa ekufezeni a izinqubo ezimbalwa ezilula:

• Ukuzigcwalisa. Indishi ibekwe indwangu oswakanyiswe amanzi. Labeka imbewu nge ungqimba elincanyana. Ngaphezu kwakho konke evala ungqimba lendwangu wetted yesibili. Amanzi kufanele kube emazingeni okushisa okuvamile. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, imbewu uthuthukise umswakama, izimpande yimpandla. Lapho zitshala enhlabathini kubalulekile ukuba aphule off rostochku, okuyinto zintekenteke kakhulu. Le ndlela kufanelekile isitshalo seqanda imbewu, ubhontshisi, uphizi, ubhontshisi, ukhukhamba, utamatisi nokunye.

• Kwembulunga. Le ndlela hhayi kuphela isheshisa ukuhluma, kodwa futhi disinfects. Imbewu ukufuthelana at lokushisa 60 Ohhavini noma dryers. Isetshenziselwa ezikhulayo utamatisi, ukhukhamba.

• Aphuphumayo. Kubekwe esikhwameni imbewu izicubu lehliselwa emanzini. Nalokho yafakwa compressor kusuka ethangini ukuze injongo oxygenation. Imbewu ziqhume ngale ndlela usuku noma izinsuku ezimbili. indlela Ifanele izaqathe, anyanisi, parsley, dill.

Okunye okuvelele

izimo ukuhluma onkhe emasiko zihlukile. Ngokuvamile, imbewu ziqhume endlini efudumele ezingeni lokushisa 22-28 degrees. Kodwa kukhona abandayo izitshalo ukuthi ziqhume at degrees 18 (ulethisi, iklabishi).

Esinye isici ukuthi kuthinta ukuhluma, - ikhwalithi enhlabathini. Kakade inhlabathi ukulungele angathengwa at esitolo. Kulokhu, akadingi zalisa.

Futhi abathintekayo ukujula ukuhlwanyelwa. imbewu ezincane ezihlwanyelwe phezu kwenhlabathi futhi kuthiwa sicindezelwe. Nge ukwanda ubukhulu imbewu bese ukhulisa ukujula. Ngokwesibonelo, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi kulinywa kumuntu ka 0.5 cm, anyanisi ukujula - 1 cm, ukhukhamba futhi amakhabe - 1.5-2 cm.

Akunjalo ngempela usebenzise zonke yalezi zindlela. Kodwa ezinye zazo saziso. ukuqaliswa yabo sizonikeza onesibalo esikhulu ukuhluma futhi amahlumela ezinobungane.