Uyini umqondo kwemisipha? inani layo

Bayingcosana kithi cabanga ngomqondo kwemisipha ne ulunika ukubaluleka ezehlukile. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ngenxa yakhe, ngisho namehlo akhe uvaliwe, Lowaya muntu azizwa yini isikhundla maqondana ngekwendzawo yisandla sakhe - ke uzimisele noma esitshekile up isikhundla eliwumzimba wakhe - uhlezi noma imele. mithetho ukunyakaza eliqhutshwa umsebenzi proprioceptors ekhethekile ngokufanele ezicutshini, amaphilisi ngokuhlanganyela, nemisipha, esikhumbeni. Ake sicabangele lokho umqondo kwemisipha.

Ifomu ekhethekile yolwazi

I eyinkimbinkimbi emizweni, okuyinto zenzeka ngenxa umsebenzi of the system zemisipha of emzimbeni, ebizwa ngokuthi imisipha umqondo. Lo mqondo ayiswa ukusetshenziswa I. M. Sechenovym. Scientific umangalele ukuthi, isibonelo, abantu ukuhamba ukubaluleka hhayi kuphela lokujabulela imilenze uxhumane ebusweni, kodwa futhi lokho okubizwa ngokuthi emizweni kwemisipha ezihambisana nokwehla kwezitho elihambisana.

Ukwelashwa umbuzo yini umqondo kwemisipha, I. M. Sechenovym linikwe njengohlobo mkhakha okhethekile Ulwazi lomuntu ubudlelwano isikhala esigcwele imvelo yakhe.

umqondo kwemisipha, yena unamathisele umsebenzi okhethekile e ukulawulwa ukunyakaza. Yena umbono, udlala indima nabalawuli esilandelayo, sibonga ngalo umuntu uyakwazi ucatsanise tintfo letingemadayimenshini lamatsatfu, ukwenza imisebenzi elula nokuhlaziya zamagama.

"Isimo Esibucayi" umuzwa

Kwemisipha umqondo umuntu ngokuthi "emnyama" futhi ngempela isikhathi eside usuke hhayi uhlukane ethintekayo, Haptic libhekisela kukho kokubili imiqondo. Ngakho, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uWilliam uJakobe naye wagcizelela ukungaqiniseki okukhulu umqondo. Njengoba akucaci ukuthi imayelana - mayelana imizwa bokungasetshenziswa kwezimo ezihlukahlukene noma ukunyakaza noma ezinye amaza efferent ithunyelwa ingqondo.

Kwaba njalo ngempela, ezimweni eziningi, abantu abawazi umsebenzi imisipha, kodwa ukunyakaza kuphela. Sensations nayo lapho ezihambayo, ukugcina ukuma ezithile, isimo esishubile yezwi, noma eminye imicikilisho, waqaphela neze.

kinaesthesia

Ekuqaleni kwawo-the XIX futhi XX eminyaka kwi-ajenda kwakuseyimpi udaba nezokusigcoba okungukuthi umqondo kwemisipha futhi ukuthi uwuchaza kanjani it. Neurologist uHenry Charlton Bastian lo mqondo, noma, njengoba abhala, "umuzwa ukunyakaza", yamukelwa ukuba baveze igama elithi "kinaesthesia".

Ngaphansi emizimbeni kuqondwe ikhono ubuchopho bayaqaphela ngokuqhubekayo ukunyakaza nokuma komzimba kwemisipha kwezingxenye zalo ezihlukahlukene. Leli khono kufezwa ngokusebenzisa proprioceptors ezithumela amaza ebuchosheni nge emalungeni, imisipha kanye nemisipha.

Kuchazwa ngolimi lwesayensi, igama elithi baba ngokuqinile ngokwanele ngisho emenza ukuvela eziningi imiqondo esuselwe, ezifana uzwela kinesthetic, kinesthetic injabulo umcabango kinesthetic, okuyinto aqondwe njengokufaka ukukhululwa izindlela evamile futhi ejwayelekile ukuhambisa kanye nekhono ukudala ukunyakaza "izenzakalo" entsha.

proprioreceptors

Kanjani ukuba siqonde lokho umqondo kwemisipha?

Ukuqaphela isikhundla kanye nokunyakaza imisipha nomzimba futhi izingxenye ezihlukahlukene ezihlobene nomsebenzi we proprioceptors ekhethekile - eziyimpumelelo ezinzwa sise uhlelo musculo-articular. excitation ukungezwani noma imisipha yabo ishayela ithunyelwa receptor ku imicu yezinzwa isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko. It ivumela umuntu hhayi ukuzilawula ukunyakaza kwabo kahle, ukushintsha isikhundla umzimba noma indlela omi ngayo, kwenza ukuhamba okunembile kwezindikimba umunwe uthinte ichopho ekhaleni.

Lezi zimpawu kubaluleke kakhulu ukuma somzimba emkhathini. Ngaphandle kwabo, abantu ngeke bakwazi ukwenza kunoma iziphi izinhlangano ezixuba ehlelekile. umqondo kwemisipha emisebenzini abantu ezifana ohlinzayo, umshayeli, a violin, wopiyano, a draftsman, Turner nabanye abaningi, ufeza indima ebalulekile. amaza zokulawula Specific abanike ithuba ukwenza ukunyakaza ezicashile kanye eqondile.

Indoda iyazi, njalo azizwa isimo yokwenziwa noma asebenzayo izingxenye zawo wonke umzimba futhi ukunyakazisa amalunga omzimba. Bazimisele ngempela ngokunembile ukumelana ngamunye ukunyakaza kwabo. ikhono okunjalo kwezinkolo kubizwa ngokuthi emizimbeni ndawonye njengoba abafanele ukushukuma proprioceptive (yokwamukela) is hhayi okuvela imvelo bangaphandle kusuka umzimba ngokwawo. Lesi Sikhungo esivame ukubizwa kucikelela ezijulile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iningi la mangqamuzana elise izakhiwo extracutaneous: emisipheni, amalunga amaphilisi abo, imisipha, nemisipha, periosteum, fascia.

umuzwa Musculoarticular ngokusebenzisa proprioceptive, kuvumela yini ngomuntu ukuba abe nomuzwa isikhundla umzimba wami emkhathini, kanye umuzwa wokuba namandla kanye nokunyakaza. Eyokuqala cishe engakutholanga lithathelwe futhi liqukethe ulwazi ngalokho engela okwamanje ngokuhlanganyela ezithile, futhi, ngokufanelekile, kuzo zonke izikhundla sekupheleni. Umuzwa ukunyakaza ikuvumela ukuba uqonde isiqondiso nesivinini ukunyakazisa amalunga omzimba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo abantu imisipha ngokulinganayo amukela isinyathelo yekwentiwa. Embundwini bezibona ukunyakaza incike amplitude kanye velocity izinguquko flexion engela.

Umuzwa amandla ukuhlola amandla kwemisipha, okuyilona elidingekayo ukuze umuntu ukunyakaza noma ukubamba emalungeni endaweni ethile.

Okusho umqondo kwemisipha

Ngoba indoda izinzwa imisipha ngokuhlanganyela ke kubaluleke kakhulu. It ikuvumela ukuba uthole izinto kwesokudla futhi ukucacisa isikhundla umzimba emkhathini ngamehlo uvaliwe. umqondo kwemisipha kusiza ukucacisa mass nevolumu lezinto, zihlolisisa ezicashile ukunyakaza kanye nokudidiyela yabo. ukubaluleka kwalo kwandisa ikakhulukazi ekwindla ka noma ukulahlekelwa.

Ukwephula izinzwa imisipha ngokuhlanganyela, ukungasebenzi kwekhono phambili motor analyzer yokuthi umuntu ulahlekelwa ngokunemba ukunyakaza. Gait yakhe iyaxokozela futhi akuqinisekile, ulahlekelwa ukulinganisela kwakhe. Abantu abanale nkinga yokungadli kahle enjalo e ngekwendzawo orientation umsebenzi lo okuthiwa Umlawuli eliseduze uthembisa umbono.

umqondo kwemisipha weightlessness

umqondo kwemisipha flight yomuntu isikhala ayitholakali. In the state isisindo okukhona kuyo amandla ukuxhumana zemizimba kungekho ukwesekwa, ua ubudlelwane ngekwendzawo ziqondakala okuqonda sibonwa futhi ukuhlolwa ezibukwayo.

Experience izindiza esemkhathini nangaphakathi kuleli engasekelwe isikhala osomkhathi selukhombisile ukuthi umuntu uyakwazi vumelanisa nezimo obungajwayelekile ngaye. Phakathi izinzwa lapho ubhekana nezinye ubudlelwano. Ukubaluleka eziyinhloko emizweni ethintekayo, musculo-articular ukungaboni awakuthinti sakugcina isibaluli okuwuphawu yidivayisi otolith. uhlelo ezinjalo obusebenzayo ongaphakeme ukuzinza analyzers.

Ngo ohambweni esizayo zezinkanyezi kanye ngokuqhubeka emkhathini ukwesekwa-free akusho ukuvala amathuba disorientation lubandlululo kanye ukukhohlisa. Yingakho le nkinga ye orientation komuntu e Isikhala ngempela efanele.