Ichibi likaBubensky, esifundeni saseVologda: incazelo, izici zokudoba nokubuyekezwa

Engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia ibona iLubensky Lake. Ngezansi, sizocubungula incazelo yayo.

Indawo yendawo

I-Lake of glacial origin, eyakhiwe phakathi kwehlathi eliqhelile emaphandleni enamanzi, lagcwala ngamanzi ashubile abuyela enyakatho ye-glacier. Itholakala ezindaweni ezingenhla zeNyakatho Dvina, engamakhilomitha angu-30 enyakatho yeVologda. I-Kubensky Lake isolwe kusukela eningizimu-mpumalanga kuya enyakatho-ntshonalanga, ubude bayo buyizingalo eziyi-54, ububanzi - 12 km, indawo - cishe i-370 sq. Km. I-Km. Ubukhulu buyashintsha ngenxa yokwehla okukhulu kwezintwasahlobo kanye nokugcwaliswa kwamanzi nemithombo. Ngesikhathi sezimvula zasehlobo nasekwindla, indawo yayo ingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-410 square. I-Km. Itholakala kuBubenskoe Lake ephakeme ngamamitha angu-110 ngaphezu kolwandle.

Incazelo yechibi

Ugu lolwandle olusempumalanga, oluhlanganiswe nehlathi, emathafeni phansi emanzini futhi evame ukukhukhula, ogwini olusentshonalanga kukhona intaba encane. Ukujula kwesilinganiso seLibensky Lake kungamamitha ayi-1.2-2, kepha ngesikhathi seqhwa leqhwa, amanzi angakhuphuka amamitha ayi-13.

Ukulawula izinga lamanzi futhi uqinisekise ukuhamba ngo-1834 ku-Sukhona 7.5 km ukusuka emthonjeni wakhiwa ibhande "Famous". Lokhu empeleni kwaphenduka iLubenky Lake ibe yindawo enamanzi ane-controlled drain. Ebusika kuze kube sekupheleni kwamanzi aphezulu entwasahlobo e-Sukhona, isisekelo se-sluice siwela phansi, ngoba ukugubha kwamanzi ashubile kubangela ukugeleza okuqhubekayo emfuleni.

Ichibi Kubenskoe (esifundeni saseVologda) sondla ngamanzi emifula engaphezu kwezingamashumi amathathu, ibhasi layo lokudoba liyizinkulungwane ezingu-14,400 square. I-Km. I-tributary enkulu kunazozonke umfula waseKuben onobude obungama-368 km, ugeleza emgodini ovela empumalanga, okwenza i-delta enkulu. Umfula wesibili ngobukhulu, u-Uftuga (117 km), ugeleza ungene echibini ukusuka enyakatho. Amancane amancane: iPorozovitsa (34 km) enyakatho ne-Greater Elma (60 km) entshonalanga. Imifula eyishumi imine inebude obuyi-10-20 km. I-Stoke evela echibini iqhutshwa eMfuleni iSukhona, egeleza imifudlana emibili evela eningizimu-ntshonalanga.

Izinga lamanzi elincane echibini lirekhodiwe ngo-Mashi, ubuningi buyiMeyi, futhi ngoJuni kuyancipha. Esikhathini samanje ehamba phambili e-Sukhona, amanzi eLubenky Lake afika ku-30-40 cm ngosuku. Ehlobo, iziphepho nezivunguvungu zivame ukufika echibini, likhululeka ngasekupheleni kukaNovemba nasekuqaleni kukaDisemba, ukukhishwa kwiqhwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.

Umlando

Ichibi lithatha igama layo kusuka eMfuleni iKubena. Ukuphela kwe-"-ena" mhlawumbe i-Finno-Ugric, okusho ukuthi "amanzi amakhulu", futhi incazelo yomsuka "cube" ayiyaziwa. Kungenzeka ukuthi livela olimini lwezizwe ezanyamalala, ezazihlala ezikhathini zasendulo endaweni yesifunda saseVologda.

Ekhulwini le-11 le-12 isifundazwe esenyakatho yeLubensky Lake sasixhomeke kwiRiphabhliki yaseNovodod, eyabeka indlela yokuhweba ehambisana neSheksna eya echibini kuya eSukhona, bese ihamba ngaseNyakatho Dvina eya eLwandle OluMhlophe. Amazwe aseSami Kubensky ayengaphansi kwezikhulu zaseRostov-Suzdal, futhi kamuva kwakukhona amakhomishana athile kaJaroslavl Rurikovich.

Ngo-1692, lo mfana osemncane uPeter the Great wachitha izinyanga ezimbili echibini, ngemva kokuzama ukwakha imikhumbi ePereyaslavl Lake, efuna indawo enkulu. Ubude bechibi lahlatshwa umxhwele yi-tsar, kepha imiphumela yokulinganisa okujulile yayidumaza kakhulu.

Esikhathini sekhulu le-XIX leli chibi lalifakwe ohlelweni lwamanzi aseNyakatho-Dvina ngosizo lomsele we-Alexander Wirthberg (manje obizwa ngeNorth-Dvinsky Canal), owagugu ngo-1825-1829.

Ucwaningo olunzulu lweLibensky Lake lwalwenziwa ngo-1972 yi-Vologda-Arkhangelsk hydrographic expedition.

I-flora nezilwane

Ihlumela lolwandle limelelwa yizinhlobo ezingu-57 zezitshalo. Amahektha angaba ngu-4,800 ahlala emagqumeni amakhulu ase-sedge, enza ama- floodplain meadows emlonyeni weBubena, lapho kuhlanganiswa khona i-Uftyuga nezinye izingosi eziningana. Amapulangwe angamahlanga ahlanganisa indawo yamahektha angu-540, futhi iziqhingi zezintaba ze-amphibian zisondela ezingeni lika-2000 hayi futhi zikhona eduze nemilomo yemifula. Izinhlayiyana ezingavamile ze-rdesto zimboza indawo yamahektha angu-7000.

Ukudoba echibini laseKubensky kuhlale kucebile. Iqukethe izinhlobo ezingu-19 zezinhlanzi: i-perch, i-bream, i-ruff, i-bourge, i-crucian, i-gudgeon, i-eel, i-chub, i-asp, i-roach, i-chub, i-asp, i-dace, i-roach, i-chicken, i-bleach, i-pike, i-nelma, noma i-nelmushka (izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-whitefish, ezingavamile) Snotok, gustera, burbot. Kuze kube manje, kungavamile ukufihla i-sterlet. Kusukela ngawo-1950, i-perch perch ibonakale kaningi, ngaphambi kokuba ingatholakali echibini. Izinhlobo eziyishumi zezinhlanzi ziyizinto zokudoba ezentengiselwano, okuyizinto ezincane eziyehla kancane ngenxa yokungcola nokungcola kwechibi.

Izikhangibavakashi

Ngaphandle kobuhle bemvelo, ukukhanga okuyinhloko yiNdlunkulu yaseSpaso-Kamenny, enye endala kunazo zonke enyakatho yaseRussia, eyakhelwe ngesifungo ngo-1260 ngu-Prince Gleb Vasilkovich Belozersky, owasinda ngesikhathi sesiphepho esinamandla. Ngo-1528 wavakashelwa uMkhulu uDuke Vasily III. Phakathi nenkathi yeSoviet, yaqedwa, futhi izakhiwo zanikezwa embonini yezinhlanzi. I-Transfiguration Cathedral yaqhutshwa ngasekupheleni kwawo-1930 futhi yakhiwa ngo-2009. Emzaneni omkhulu kunawo wonke ogwini lwase-Ustye kukhona isonto elidala le-chapel, iminyuziyamu yomlando wendawo, futhi eduze nendlu yezindela zaseLysogorsky.

Udobi

Izinhlanzi zezinhlanzi zezilwandle ziyaqedwa kancane kancane, umthamo wokudoba ezimbonini uwela emashumini ambalwa eminyaka: kusukela kumathani angu-616 ngo-1938 kuya ku-285 ngo-1953, kuphela amathani angu-72 kuphela ngo-2013. Ngawo-1990, inani elikhulu lenhlanzi labanjwa abazingeli (ukulinganiselwa inani Ukubanjwa kwonyaka kungadlula amathani ayi-900). Inani lezinhlanzi lithinteka kabi ngokungajulile kwechibi, ngenxa yokuthi yiziphi izizathu zendabuko ezigcwalayo ezingahlanganiswa ngamanzi, kanye nokushisa okukhulu okungavamile iminyaka eminingana, enomthelela oqine kakhulu kwinani le-ruff.

Ukungcola kwezezimboni kudlala indima ebalulekile: emagqumeni enqoloba kukhona amapulazi angaphezu kuka-180 kwezolimo, amapulazi amabili ehagu kanye nezindawo ezihlukahlukene zokukhiqiza. Amathemba okubuyisela izinhlanzi zihlanganiswa nemiklamo ye-Sukhona yokulawulwa kwemikhakha engakwazi ukuphakamisa izinga lamanzi eliphakathi kwamamitha angu-1.2 kuya kwamamitha amabili adlule.

Ngenxa yamanzi angajulile, ukudoba amateur ehlobo kunokwenzeka kuphela ngezikebhe, ezigcwele izakhamuzi zendawo, ezibaqashisa izivakashi. Ukuze kuvikelwe iNelma, ukudoba akuvunyelwe ezindaweni zokuzala endaweni yomlomo weBubena kanye ne-confluence kaPelma neNyanga, amakhilomitha amathathu emanzini. Kulo lonke leli chibi, le nhlanzi, eyayingabandakanywa ngo-1999 evela eBhuku eliBomvu, ivunyelwe ukudoba.

Ngokungafani nabavakashi, kulabo abaningi abahambayo ekuthuthweni kwamanzi abagibeli, ama-anglers amateur avame ukukhononda ngokuntuleka kwemigwaqo yokufinyelela echwebeni elula, kodwa ahlomile kuwo.

Into eyinhloko yokudoba amateur yi-perch, etholakala ngobuningi, nakuba ngokwesilinganiso isisindo sayo singadluli ku-100-250 amagremu. Isibikezelo sokuluma esikebheni saseKubensky ngaso sonke isikhathi kuhle, ngaphandle kwesikhathi samanzi aphezulu. Ukunamathela kufinyelele ekuphakameni kwalo ngasekupheleni kwehlobo lehlobo-ekwindla.

Ukudoba kwebusika

Ukudoba kwebusika echibini laseKubensky kuthandwa kakhulu. Abadobi basendaweni bayazi kahle izindawo zokubambisana kwasebusika kwe-perch emagqumeni eduze kwemilomo. Ngemuva kweviki emva kokuqhwala, ukuqala kokubamba kakhulu kuqala, ukuqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJanuwari. NgoFebhuwari kanti ikakhulukazi ngo-March yinkathi encane ephumelelayo yokudoba kwasebusika. Lapho iqhwa liqala ukuncibilika, inhlanzi iqala ukukhukhuma futhi. Abadobi abanolwazi bathola i-perch emagqumeni e-ice floating, lapho bafika khona ngezikebhe. Bamba ebusika ku-balancer, mormyshku kanye nobusika be-spoon-bait. Ngokushaya okuhle kusuka emgodini owodwa, ungathola u-30 kg wezinhlanzi. Kunzima kakhulu ukubamba izinhlanzi ezimhlophe ebusika kunobusika. Ngaphambi nje kokuba iqhwa liqhume, i-roach ne-scoundrel bayaluma kahle.

Ukubuyekeza mayelana ne-Kubensky echibi

Abavakatjhi bathi kukhona okuzokubona. Ungaphatha isikhathi ogwini, ugibele ngosuku olushisayo lwehlobo. Zonke izivakashi zizama ukuvakashela i-Spas-Stone Monastery esiqhingini phakathi kwechibi. Futhi, abahambi bahle mayelana nezikhungo zokuzilibazisa eziseduze nolwandle, lapho ungayeka khona. Iningi lezisekelo zisezindaweni ezisemfuleni iKubene, kukhona indawo yekamu kanye nase-Ustye. Ekude ukusuka echibini kukhona "i-Morino Manor" ethokomele, futhi ebhange le-Great Elm kunehhotela elincane elithi "Omogayevsky". Ngokuyinhloko ukubuyekezwa okunamandla mayelana nomndeni wonke "Exokark Vysokovskoe", lapho izintshe, amapikoko, ama-pheasants kanye nabameleli bezilwane zasendle zendawo abahlala khona. Itholakala ngaphesheya kwe-Kubena.

Futhi kungenzeka ukuzwa kanye nezimpendulo zabazingeli abaza echibini Kubenskoe for game. Inkathi yokuzingela i-waterfowl ivula entwasahlobo, kodwa ayikho inqwaba yokubamba. Emahlathini azungezile kukhona ama-moose, amabhere kanye nezikhumba zasendle, ezizingelwa ekwindla nasebusika.

Abathengisi-abahlaziyi, ababelana ngezindlela zabo zokudoba kuleli chibi, bakhulume ngokumanga okuhle futhi njalo bebambe kakhulu.