I-Rama 9, iNkosi yaseThailand: usuku lokuzalwa, i-biography, umndeni, isithombe

Akuwona wonke umuntu owazi igama leNkosi yaseThailand. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi izwe eliyingqayizivele litholakala kude kakhulu nezwe lakithi, futhi isimo asikuthandi abantu bakithi. Njengamanje, inhloko yezwe yiRama 9. INkosi yaseThailand iyumuntu othakazelisayo. Masilandele imininingwane yakhe ngokuningiliziwe.

Umsuka

Okokuqala, sifunda imvelaphi yomndeni lapho iNkosi yaseThailand ezayo izalwa khona. Futhi, masihlale sibhekene nama-nuances okuzalwa kwakhe.

Ubaba kaRama, uMahidola Adulyadej, wayengummeli wendodana yobukhosi eThailand - Chakri. Lo mndeni okhazimulayo waqala ukubusa eThailand kusukela ngo-1782, lapho uBuddha Yodfa Chulaloke enyukela esihlalweni sobukhosi, owaziwa nangokuthi uRama 1. Wakha umbuso owaziwa ngokuthi uRattanakosin.

UMahidola Adulyadej wayeyindodana yeNkosi uChulalongkorn, owaziwa nangokuthi uRama 5. Le nkosi yiyona inkosi enkulu eThailand. Akayena lutho wanikezwa isiteketiso "Royal Buddha". I-Rama 5 yakwazi ukuvuselela ukuphathwa kwezwe kanye nomnotho ngasentshonalanga, kepha, ngokungafani namanye amazwe ase-Indochina, wakwazi ukugcina ubukhosi bombuso wakhe, futhi awuzange ube yi-koloni.

Njengoba uMahidola Adulladet engesiyena indodana endala emndenini, ngemuva kokufa kukaRama 5 ngo-1910, isihlalo sobukhosi saseThailand sasizuzwa ifa lakhe ngabafowabo uVchiravud (Rama 6) noPradidipok (Rama 7). Lesi sigaba sasilawulwa yizinguquko zikaSamam ka-1932, ngenxa yalokho iThailand yaguqulwa kusukela ebukhosini obuphelele kuze kube umbuso wezomthethosisekelo. Futhi eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, uRama 7 wenqaba ngokuphelele isihlalo sobukhosi ngenxa yendodana endala kaMahidol Adulyadej - Anand Mahidon.

U-Mahidol Adulyadet washada no-Sangwan Talafat ngo-1900, kamuva wabizwa ngeSinakharinthra. Akazange avele emndenini ohloniphekile. Lo mbhangqwana wahlala phesheya isikhathi eside: eJalimane, eFrance, eSwitzerland, eU.SA. Ngokuyinhloko, i-Mahidola Adulyadet yaqeqeshwa kuphrofayli yezokwelapha e-United States, e- Harvard University, ngesikhathi ingane yesithathu ezalwa emndenini - i-King of Thailand i-Phumipon Adulladet. Ngaphandle kwakhe, uMahidol Adulyadej wayenenye indodana (iRama 8 ezayo) nendodakazi.

Ukuzalwa kweRama 9

U-Phumipon Adulyadej, kanye ncamashi negama leNkosi yaseThailand yaseRama 9 ngaphambi kokuba afakwe esihlalweni sobukhosi, wazalwa ngo-1927 edolobheni laseMelika laseCambridge, eMassachusetts, emndenini kaMahidol Adulyadej noShawan Talafat.

Usuku lokuzalwa lweNkosi yaseThailand Rama 9 luwela ngoDisemba 5. Njengamanje, lokhu akuyona nje usuku olujwayelekile. Iholidi lezwe liwukuzalwa kweNkosi eThailand. Indlela yokugubha lapha, mhlawumbe, ungagubhi izinsuku zokuzalwa zamakhosi noma kuphi emhlabeni. Ngokusemthethweni ibizwa ngokuthi uBaba likaBaba futhi usuku olungasebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usuku lokuzalwa lweNkosi yaseThailand luhlale luqhutshwa imikhosi eminingi kanye nemicimbi ehambisana nabo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lo mkhosi ngezinye izikhathi ubuhlanganisa okwesikhashana abaphikisi bezombusazwe.

Ngakho, uSuku lweNkosi eThailand ngempela liholide likazwelonke.

Ubuntwana nentsha

Ngakho, unyaka wokuqala wokuphila, iNkosi yaseThailand yesikhathi esizayo, i-Rama 5 eyayichitha e-US. Ngemva kokuqeda imfundo kayise eHarvard University, lo mndeni wabuyela eThailand ngo-1928. Ngemva konyaka wahlupheka kakhulu. Ngo-1929, ngenxa yezifo ezinzima zesibindi, washona uMahidola Adulladet, owayeneminyaka engu-37 ubudala ngaleso sikhathi. Ngakho, eneminyaka emibili, i-Phumipon Adulladet yasala ngaphandle kobaba. Umthwalo wonke wokukhulisa izingane ezintathu wabekwa emahlombe womama - Sangwan Talafat. Enhloko - dolobha yaseThailand, i- Bangkok, i-Phumipong Adulladet yathola imfundo yakhe eyinhloko.

Ngemuva kwe-Revolution ka-1932, u-Phumipon Adulyadej omncane wabalekela nomndeni wakhe eSwitzerland Lausanne, ekuphikiseni kukaMgogo Savang Vadhana (umfelokazi wamaRama 5), owayesaba impilo yezindlalifa zakhe ngenxa yezigameko ezishintshayo. Kukhona lapha ukuthi wathola imfundo yesibili. Kodwa ngonyaka ka-1935, iNkosi yaseThailand uPradidipok inqabile ukuvuma umshana wakhe oneminyaka eyisikhombisa u-Anand Mahidon - umfowabo omdala kaPhumipon Adulyadej. Ngemva kwalokhu, u-Anand Mahidon wathatha igama likaRama 8, kanti uPhumipon Adulyadej waba yindlalifa yesikhundla sobukhosi futhi wathola nodadewabo isihloko esiphakeme se-Prince - Chao Fa.

Kodwa-ke, u-Anand Mahidon, uPhumipon Adulladet namanye amalungu omndeni aqhubeka nokuhlala eSwitzerland. I-Thailand, i-Rama 8, kanye nomfowabo nomama bavakashela iminyaka emithathu kuphela ngemuva kokungena esihlalweni sobukhosi. Konke lokhu leli zwe lalibuswa yi-regents egameni lenkosi. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nangemva kokubuya kweRama 8 empeleni akazange ahlanganyele ekuphathweni kwaseThailand, futhi ngaphandle kokuba abe yinkosi ekhishwe ngokomthetho.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, u-Phumipon Adulladet waqhubeka nokufundiswa kwakhe eLusanne, lapho aqala khona ukufunda isayensi yezombusazwe nomthetho eyunivesithi yendawo, eyayibhekwa njengeziko eliphakeme kakhulu lemfundo.

Ukuvumelanisa esihlalweni sobukhosi

Ngezimo ezibuhlungu kakhulu, ukufakwa kwesihlalo sobukhosi saseThailand nguPhumipon Adulyadej kuxhunyiwe. Ngo-June 1946, umfowabo iNkosi uRama 8 watholakala efile ekamelweni. Isizathu sokushona kwaba isibhamu esihlokweni sesibhamu. Ukuze uphenye lesi sigameko, ikhomishana yasungulwa, eyakwazi ukucacisa ukuthi ukufa akubanga ngenxa yengozi. Kodwa kwakukhona ukubulala noma ukuzibulala, kwakungeke kusungulwe. Kamuva, ngemuva kokuqala uphenyo, abantu abathathu batholakala benecala ekubulaweni, ababulawa ngo-1955. Kodwa abacwaningi abaningi bacabanga ukuthi lesi sigwebo sishukumisekile kwezombusazwe, futhi izizathu zangempela zokufa kwenkosi azitholakali.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwakunjani, kodwa ngo-1946, umfowabo weNkosi yaseThailand u-Phumipon Adulladet, owamukela igama likaRama, waba iNkosi yaseThailand.

Iminyaka yokuqala kahulumeni

U-Rama 9 waqala kanjani? INkosi yaseThailand? Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi nakuba amandla omthetho wezwe kuleli zwe ayelinganiselwe kakhulu, kodwa uPhumipon Adulyadej, ngokungafani nomfowabo, kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zikahulumeni wabonisa isithakazelo esimweni sezombangazwe nezomnotho ezweni. Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi ngalesi sikhathi, uRama 9 wagcwalisa izifundo zakhe eSwitzerland, wayesengakapheli isikhathi esivela eThailand futhi akakwazanga ukuthatha ingxenye ngqo kuhulumeni wombuso.

Kule nkathi yokuphila kweRama 9 yingozi, lapho eya khona emgwaqweni omkhulu waseGeneva-Lausanne ngo-1948. Ukulimala okubuhlungu emuva nokuhlukunyezwa okuningi kule ngozi yengozi yamukelwa yiNkosi yaseThailand. Izithombe zePhumipon Adulyadej ngaleso sikhathi zazivame ukwenziwa kuphela lapho ebesezibuko ezibumnyama ukuze zifihle ukukhishwa.

Kodwa-ke, ukulimala sekuphelile, futhi ngemva kokuphothula ukuqeqeshwa inkosi yabuyela eThailand ngo-1951.

Umshado kanye nokuCononation

Ngo-Ephreli 1950 eThailand, i-Rama 9 yayihlanganiswe nomshado ne-princess Sirikit. Yena, ngokungafani nenkosi, wayevela emndenini ohloniphekile, futhi uyise wayengummeli. Ngesikhathi somshado, uSirikit wayengakafiki iminyaka engu-18 ubudala, ngakho abazali bakhe bafaka isignesha esitifiketi somshado esikhundleni somakoti.

Indlovukazi yesikhathi esizayo yazalwa ngo-Agasti 12, 1932, futhi emva kokukhuphukela esihlalweni sayo usuku lokuzalwa lugujwa minyaka yonke eThailand njengoSuku lukaMama.

Ngokushesha ngemva komshado, ngo-May 1950, inkosi nenkosikazi zazikhishwa ngokomthetho. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, uMeyi 5 ugubha ngokusemthethweni njengoSuku lweCoronation.

Isikhathi esilandelayo sikahulumeni

Ngemuva kokushada, ukukhishwa ngamatshe kanye nokuqeda iziqu, uRama 9 waqala ukuthatha ingxenye ethintekayo ekubuseni izwe kunanini ngaphambili. Waqala ukubonisa umsebenzi kokubili ezombusazwe zombuso, nasesidlangalaleni, futhi wathonya inqubomgomo yangaphandle yaseThailand.

Uvakashele ezindaweni ezikude zasemaphandleni ukuze afunde kabanzi mayelana nokuphila nezidingo zezakhamuzi ezijwayelekile ukuze azame ukuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Phumipon Adulladet inikezela usizo ekuthuthukiseni izifunda hhayi nje kuphela ngezindleko zesabelomali sombuso, kodwa futhi nakwezimali zomuntu siqu, ngoba i-dollar billionaire. Kuyo yonke impilo yakhe wabamba iqhaza ekuxhaseni imali engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezintathu. Lokhu kwawuthandwa kakhulu eRama 9 ezweni.

Ngo-1956, u-Phumipon Adullatet wathatha isikhashana ubukhosi, njengoba kudingwa yinkolo yamaBuddha.

Wenza imizamo eminingi ekudambiseni umphakathi waseThailand, owabonakala ikakhulukazi eminyakeni eyi-90 yekhulu lama-XX. Ngisho nokusekela ukukhishwa kwezempi, i-Rama 9 yenza lokhu ngokuyinhloko ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abalingani bezombangazwe babengenakwenzeka empeleni.

Ngakho-ke, phakathi nokukhwabanisa kwezempi okwenzeka ngo-2006, inkosi yaxhasa leli junta, elalisusa uhulumeni obambe iqhaza oholwa nguThaksin Shinawat, ngoba waphula imigomo yentando yeningi futhi yahlanganiswa nezinhlelo ezikhohlakeleyo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-junta ayizange ifake amandla, kepha ngo-2007 yayisidlulisela kuhulumeni okhethwe ngokusemthethweni.

Ngesikhathi sokuxoshwa kuka-2014, uRama 9, nakuba engazange asekele obala ama-putschist noma uhulumeni omele, njengokungathi ahlukane nezingxabano zezombangazwe, kodwa ukhetha umholi weJunta u-General Prayut Chan-Ochch njengomholi wangempela wezwe, inkosi yacaca ukuthi .

Kodwa kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva, ngenxa yobudala bakhe nezinkinga zempilo, i-Phumipon Adulladet iyaqhubeka isuka kude nokuphathwa kwezindaba zomphakathi nezombusazwe, nakuba ezama ukuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kweThailand ukuze kuzuze izikhonzi zakhe ngangokunokwenzeka.

Amakilasi kwezinye izindawo

I-King Phumipon Adulladet iyinhlangano ehlukahlukene, futhi izithakazelo zakhe azihlanganisi kuphela uhlaka lukahulumeni.

I-monarch ibhekene nenkinga yokudala amafu okufakelwa, futhi unelungelo lobunikazi kulo mkhakha wocwaningo. Unezimpumelelo ezingu-Rama ezingu-9 zobunjiniyela. Yena ngokwakhe uqobo lwakhe wakha isikebhe, esiye sanyuka njalo kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. Kodwa lokhu akuwona umkhumbi kuphela owakhelwe ngokusho kwenkosi.

U-Phumipon Adulyadej uyakuthanda izithombe ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ebhange elingama-1000 baht ufaniswa nekhamera.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Rama 9 ezingeni eliphakeme linomdlalo ku-saxophone. Uyabhala futhi izingoma zakhe, ezaze zaboniswa ku Broadway. Kodwa lokhu akumangazi, ngoba uthisha wakhe wayengumqeqeshi omkhulu weJazz Benny Goodman.

Enye yezinto ezisungulwe ku-Phumipone Adulyadej kwakungukudala ifomula yohlu olusha lwephethiloli esekelwe ingxube yamafutha edizili namafutha esundu.

Futhi uyaziwa yincwadi yenkosi, eya eThailand engcono kakhulu yokuthengisa, eyayizinikela ekuchazeni inja yakhe egama layo linguTongdaeng.

Kodwa lokhu kuyingxenye yazo zonke izimpumelelo zeNkosi yaseThailand emisebenzini ehlukahlukene yomsebenzi.

Umndeni

Umndeni wasebukhosini ngaphandle kukaRama 9 yena nomkakhe uSirikit siqukethe izingane zabo nabazukulu.

UMaha Vachiralongkorn yiyona yedwa indodana emndenini weNkosi, ngakho-ke uyindlalifa esihlalweni sobukhosi. Wazalelwa ngo-1952, okungukuthi, eminyakeni emibili emva komshado kaPhumipon Adulyadej no-Queen Sirikit. Wathola imfundo yakhe ephakeme e-Great Britain nasezwenikazi lase-Australia. Wanikela empilweni yakhe, wabamba iqhaza empini yokulwa nezibhamu zaseVietnam, unesibalo esiphezulu nesimemezelo.

Wayeshade kathathu. Emshadweni wakhe wokuqala, ube nomzala wakhe emgqeni womama kaSoamesavali Kitiyakara. Unyaka ngemva kokuphelelwa kwenyunyana, ngo-1978, babenendodakazi, Bajrakitiyabha. Kodwa lo mshado usuphelile.

Kwaphela isikhathi eside, uPrince Vachiralongkorn waphila ngaphandle komshado osemthethweni nomdlali we-actress Yuvadhida Polpraset. Bakha ubuhlobo babo ngokomthetho kuphela ngo-1994. Ngaleso sikhathi base benabantwana abayisithupha. Kodwa eminyakeni emibili kamuva le nyunyana nayo yahlukana, njengoba isikhulu sitshela umkakhe ngokuhlubuka.

Ngo-2001, u-Vachiralongkorn washada okwesibili, ngentombazane engezona eyimvelo, uSrirami Akkharpkhongprich. Ngo-2005, wamnika indodana kaDiepangkorn Ramiichoti, owathi ngemva kweVachiralongkorn uqobo lwakhe uthathwa njengowesibili ekulandeleni isihlalo sobukhosi. Kodwa ngo-2014, futhi lo mshado waqhekeka.

Ngaphandle kwendodana yakhe, iNkosi uPhumipon Adulladet inamadodakazi amathathu: Ubolrotana, Sirindhorn noChulabhorn Valailak. Owokugcina wabo ngo-1982 washada nommeli we-Virayud Tishiasarin. Emshadweni babenamadodakazi amabili: Siribachudabhorn neAdityadornkitik. Kodwa impilo yomndeni kaChulabhorn Valailak, njengomfowabo, ayizange iphumelele, futhi umshado waqedwa. Noma kunjalo, le nkosikazi yayifanele uthando lwabantu ngempumelelo yalo emkhakheni wokuthuthukiswa kwemithi.

Lezi izihlobo zeNkosi yaseThailand. Umndeni wenkosi ujabulela uthando nenhlonipho yabantu baseThai.

Izici ezijwayelekile

Siye safunda i-biography yeNkosi yaseThailand, i-Rama 9, futhi ngesisekelo salo singenza ezinye izahlulelo mayelana nenkosi njengomuntu.

I-Phumipon Adulladet iyinhlangano eguquguqukayo. Umkhakha wezintshisekelo zakhe uyamangalisa. Ivela emkhakheni wesayensi nobuciko emkhakheni wezombangazwe zomhlaba wonke. Inendima ebalulekile kulezo zintshisekelo eziningi zadlala imfundo yekhwalithi, okwathi ngesikhathi sayo yathola uRama 9.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi inkosi ayizange ihlale ingakhathaleli izinkinga zezikhonzi zakhe. Uzama ukuzixazulula ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kumlingisa njengomuntu ongenandaba. U-Rama 9, ngokungafani nomfowabo, uthonya kakhulu umgomo wezwe waseThailand, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo uzama ukwenza ngezindlela zentando yeningi, ngaphandle kokudlulela kwamandla akhe.

Isimo sengqondo sokuthula sihlangene nePhumipon Adulyadet nomndeni wakhe.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva, inkosi, okwamanje eyinkosi ebusayo kunazo zonke emhlabeni, iye yabhekana nezinkinga zempilo. Ikakhulukazi, unesifo esinjengobunzima bobuchopho. Kodwa masithemba ukuthi uRama 9 uzoqhubeka nokujabulisa izikhonzi zakhe isikhathi eside, ephethe iThailand.