I-Saudi Arabia: ulwazi, ulwazi, izici ezijwayelekile. I-Saudi Arabia: ifomu likahulumeni

"Izwe lama-mosque amabili" (iMecca neMedina) - ngakho ngenye indlela ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi iSaudi Arabia. Uhlobo lukahulumeni walesi simo ubukhosi obuphelele. Ulwazi lwendawo, umlando omfushane kanye nokwaziswa ngesakhiwo sezombusazwe sase- Saudi Arabia kuzosiza ukwakha isithombe jikelele saleli zwe.

Ulwazi jikelele

I-Saudi Arabia yiyona ndawo enkulu kunazo zonke e-Peninsula yase-Arabia. Enyakatho, i-Iraq, i-Kuwait neJordani, empumalanga - ne-UAE ne-Qatar, eningizimu-ntshonalanga - ne-Oman, naseningizimu - ne-Yemen. Unengxenye engaphezu kuka-80 ye-peninsula, kanye neziqhingi eziningana emanzini asePersian Gulf naseLwandle Olubomvu.

Ingxenye engaphezu kwesigamu yensimu yezwe ibanjwe yihlane laseRub-el-Khali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, enyakatho liyingxenye yehlane laseSiriya, futhi eningizimu i-An-Nafud - enye indawo egwadule kakhulu. I-Plateau enkabeni yezwe iwela imifula eminingana, ngokuvamile ivame ngesikhathi esishisayo.

I-Saudi Arabia icebile kakhulu ngamafutha. Inzuzo evela ekudayiseni "igolide elimnyama" uhulumeni ubeka imali kancane ekuthuthukiseni izwe, ukutshala imali kancane emazweni athuthukile futhi isebenzise ukuhlinzeka ngemali eminye imibuso yama-Arab.

Uhlobo lukahulumeni waseSaudi Arabia lubukhosi obuphelele. AmaSulumane ahlonishwa njengenkolo yombuso. Isi-Arabic yilona ulimi olusemthethweni.

Igama lezwe lanikezwa yinkosi ebusayo - Saudi Arabia. Inhloko-dolobha yalo idolobha laseRiyadh. Abantu bezwe bangabantu abayizigidi ezingu-22.7, ikakhulukazi ama-Arabs.

Umlando wokuqala wase-Arabia

Ekhulwini leminyaka lokuqala BC emagwini oLwandle Olubomvu kwakuyiMbuso waseMayya. Egwini elisempumalanga kwakukhona i-Dilmun, ebhekwa njengombuso wezepolotiki kanye namasiko esifundeni.

Ngomnyaka ka-570, kwenzeka umcimbi owaqeda isiphetho se-Peninsula yase-Arabia - uMukhammed, umprofethi wesikhathi esizayo, wazalelwa eMecca. Ukufundisa kwakhe ngokoqobo kwaguqula umlando wala mazwe, kamuva waba nomthelela obala obala uhlobo lukahulumeni waseSaudi Arabia kanye nesiko lezwe.

Abalandeli bomprofethi, owaziwa ngokuthi ama-Caliph (ama-Caliph), banqoba cishe yonke indawo yaseMpumalanga Ephakathi, bephethe ama-Islam. Kodwa-ke, ngokufika kwe-caliphate, eyayiyinhloko yeDamaseku, kamuva - iBaghdad, ukubaluleka kwezwe lakubo lo mprofethi kwalahlekelwa kancane kancane. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIII, insimu yaseSaudi Arabia yayingaphansi kokubusa kweGibhithe, futhi ngemva kwamakhulu eminyaka amabili nengxenye la mazwe athuthela e-Ottoman Port.

Ukuvela kwe-Saudi Arabia

Phakathi nekhulu le-XVII umbuso waNazh wabonakala, owakwazi ukuzuza ukuzimela kusuka ePort. Phakathi nekhulu le-XIX, i-Riyadh yaba yinhloko-dolobha yayo. Kodwa impi yombango, eyaqhamuka ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, yabangela ukuthi izwe elibuthakathaka lahlukaniswa phakathi kwabo ngamandla angomakhelwane.

Ngo-1902, indodana kaShakh Oasis Dirrayah, Abdul-Aziz ibn Saud, yakwazi ukuthatha i-Riyadh. Eminyakeni emine kamuva, ngaphansi kokulawula kwakhe, kwakuyi-Chief of the whole. Ngo-1932, egcizelela ukubaluleka okukhethekile kwendlu yobukhosi emlandweni, wanika izwe leli gama igama le-Saudi Arabia. Ifomu likahulumeni wombuso lavumela i-Saudis ukuthi ifinyelele amandla aphelele ensimini yayo.

Kusukela phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, leli hulumeni liye laba ngumlingani oyinhloko kanye nomlingani omkhulu we-United States esifundeni saseMpumalanga Ephakathi.

I-Saudi Arabia: ifomu likahulumeni

UMthethosisekelo walesi sizwe umemezele ngokusemthethweni iKoran neSunnah yomprofethi Muhammad. Kodwa-ke, isakhiwo sikahulumeni saseSaudi Arabia, uhlobo lukahulumeni kanye nemigomo jikelele yamandla kunqunywe yi-Basic Nizam (umthetho), owaqala ukusebenza ngo-1992.

Lesi senzo sinezinhlinzeko zokuthi i-Saudi Arabia iyisimo esibukhosi samaSulumane, isimiso samandla esisezingeni eliphezulu. Isakhiwo sezwe sezwe sisekelwe ku-Sharia.

Inkosi yesizwe esilawulayo saseSaudis nayo ingumholi wenkolo kanye negunya eliphakeme lazo zonke izinhlobo zamandla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, unomsebenzi ophethe umphathi omkhulu-oyinhloko yebutho, unelungelo lokumisa kuzo zonke izinto ezibalulekile zomphakathi nezamasosha, amemezela impi kanye nesimo sokuphuthumayo ezweni. Ubuye aqaphele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isimo sezombusazwe jikelele sihlangabezana nezimiso zamaSulumane futhi silawula ukusetjenziswa kwezimiso ze-Sharia.

Iziphathimandla zikahulumeni

Amandla okuphatha embusweni asetshenziswa nguMkhandlu WeziNgqongqoshe. Inkosi ibambe isikhundla sikasihlalo wayo, nguyena onomsebenzi wokwakha nokuhlelwa kabusha. I-Nizamas, evunyelwe nguMkhandlu WeziNgqongqoshe, yenza imithetho yasebukhosini. IziNgqongqoshe ziphethwe yizinsizakalo ezifanele kanye neminyango, ngoba imisebenzi yabo ibhekene nenkosi.

Amandla omthetho aphinde asebenzise inkosi, lapho uMkhandlu Ocebisayo usebenza ngamalungelo okucebisa. Amalungu alo mkhandlu aveza umbono wabo emisebenzini ye-Nizam eyamukelwa yizikhonzi. Usihlalo weMkhandlu Wokucebisa namalungu angamashumi ayisithupha futhi aqokwe yiNkosi (eminyakeni emine).

I-Supreme Judicial Council iyisihloko senkantolo. Ngincoma yalo mkhandlu, inkosi iqoka futhi ichithe abahluleli.

I-Saudi Arabia, uhlobo lwaso lukahulumeni nesakhiwo sombuso esisekelwe emandleni aphelele kakhulu enkosi nasekukhulekeleni inkolo yamaSulumane, ngokusemthethweni ayinayo izinyunyana zabasebenzi noma amaqembu ezombangazwe. Isevisi yenkolo ehlukile, ngaphandle kwe-Islam, nayo ivunyelwe lapha.