I-Virus yabantu

Ama-virus ayizinhlobo ezingenaselula, ezimelela indlela encane yokuphila. Izakhiwo zabo zisebenza njengalezi zici ezidingekayo ezivumela ukuba khona kwe-parasitic nokukhiqiza okuqhubekayo. Ubukhulu begciwane lincane kakhulu. Zisezinhla zamashumi amaningana kuya ezinkulungwaneni zama-nanometer.

Ama-virus ahlukaniswa njengesigaba sama-parasites weselula. Isici sabo esiyinhloko ikhono lokuzala futhi likhona ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Izinsiza ezidingekayo zokusebenza, zingatholakala kuphela esitokisini esitokisini, esibhekwa njengeseli, esithintekile yigciwane. Ukuba endaweni engaphandle komzimba, izinhlayiya zezilwanyana ezinamandla zikwazi kuphela ukulondoloza nokudlulisa ulwazi lofuzo olufakwe kuwo. Ifomu legciwane lesandulela ngculazi libizwa nge-virion.

Izinhlayiya ze-parasitic zikhona kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Amagciwane omuntu angabangela inani elikhulu lezifo, eziyingozi kakhulu ukuba khona kwazo. Phakathi kwezifo ezinjalo kungabizwa ngokuthi umkhuhlane we-avian kanye ne-AIDS, isikhuhlane semvelo (somnyama) nesimo sama-pneumonia. Izifo ezifanayo ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa ukushisa okuvamile kithi, kanye nomkhuhlane kanye nerubella. Amanye amagciwane wezilwane ezaziwa ukuthi angathinta umzimba womuntu nawo ayaziwa. Ikhono elinjalo abanalo lapho kunezimo ezithile. Isibonelo salokhu kungaba yi- H5N1 virus ye- bird flu.

Emvelweni, kunenqwaba yezinhlobo zokuphila eziphilayo. Ukuze kube lula ukutadisha kwabo, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuhlelwa kwezinhlelo zenzelwe. Okusetshenziselwa kakhulu kunazo zonke yizo zonke zazo: ICTV neBaltimore.

Isakhiwo segciwane yinkambo ephuma ku-chain nucleotide. Lezi zinto yizinto ezibalulekile ekubunjweni kwe-nucleic acid.

Amagciwane omuntu, izinhlobo zazo ezivezwa yisakhiwo sabo, kungaba:

- I-neurotropic (i-encephalitis ehlukahlukene yegciwane le-rabies);

- i-dermatropic (isifo sezinambuzane nesinyawo nesifo somlomo);

- i-pneumotrophic (umkhuhlane);

- i-viscerotropic (ingulube yengulube).

Isigaba segciwane sifaka nezifo ezihlukahlukene, ezihlukaniswa njengeqembu lesiguquko kusuka kwifomu elincane ukuya kubhethri. U-Rickettsia uyingxenye yaleli qembu . Lezi zinhlobo ezincane ziyizintambo, i-globular noma i-clavate, efana nesakhiwo kuma-bacterium, futhi ngendlela yokukhiqizwa ngamagciwane, njengoba umsebenzi wabo obalulekile kungenzeka kuphela ngaphakathi kwamaseli angene. U-Rickettsia ubangela imfiva yaseMarseillian, kanye ne-flea noma i-rat typhus.

Amagciwane omuntu weqembu elilandelayo yi-chlamydia noma i-pararikkettsii. Lezi zifo ezifuywayo ziseduze esakhiweni sabo kubhaktheriya ngakho-ke zingakwazi ukuqedwa ngosizo lwe-antibiotics.

Izifo eziyaziwa kakhulu ezibangelwa amagciwane yi-ARVI. Manje kunama-subtypes angaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu amaqembu amahlanu wefomu le-parasitic elivusa ukuqala kwesifo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amagciwane omuntu aqala ukuqala komkhuhlane kanye neparinfluenza. Futhi amafomu e-rheo- nama-renoparasitic.

Amagciwane omuntu abangela isifo esibuhlungu ashiwo kuma-papillomavirus enhlobo. Bathukuthelisa ukukhula kwama-neoplasms, okufana nokubukeka kwe-warts. Ama-papillomas avela kokubili ezinkampanini zesikhumba, nasezinkalweni zamangqamuzana zomlomo womlomo, ama-pharynx, nama-nasal sinus. Izicubu ze-Benign zingabonakala ezintanjeni zamagama ngisho nasesiswini. Ukwelashwa kwe-papilloma yabantu kudinga ukubonisana ngaphambi kochwepheshe. Uma kwenzeka i-neoplasm, kudingekile ukuthi uthintane nodokotela weziphuthumayo ngokushesha. Isizathu samapillomas ukuphulwa kwempilo yomzimba. Ngokuyinhloko, ukubonakala kwezingculazi kukhuthazwa yi-gastritis nesifo sezinso, ukungalahleki kwesifo sofuba, kanye nokugula komzimba nezinye izifo ezithile.