I ubudlelwane bezinto eziphilayo echibini: incazelo jikelele

Ngokusho isimo sawo futhi ukusebenza kuya zemvelo kukhona izinhlelo evulekile. Isimo kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwabo yikhono ukunikeza futhi wamukele ezihlukahlukene izinhlobo zamandla nezisetshenziswa. Ngaphandle kwale umjikelezo kwaphakade izinsiza elilinganiselwe umhlaba kuyaye kamuva isiyaphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, semvelo ubhekwa uhlelo kuphela, elikwaziyo khona ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa ngaphandle. Into edingekayo ukusebenza uveza uqobo. Ukuze silondoloze ukugeleza esiqhubekayo izinto nganoma iyiphi ecosystem inikezwe Kumelwe nilethe amaqembu ehlukene obusebenzayo eziphilayo.

On ubukhulu endaweni ehlasela, kanye nenani izakhi ehilelekile umjikelezo we eziphilayo nemvelo ezingaphili ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezine izinhlelo. Ngezinye kakhulu phansi kuyinto microecosystem isibonelo olula elingasebenza njengesibuko iconsi legazi noma amanzi womuntu kusukela emfuleni. mezoekosistemy ilandelwe. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa echibini ecosystem, ichibi, enkangala, asemaqeleni, noma, isibonelo, ukhuni. Endaweni yesithathu kukhona makroekosistemy ukuthi bamele amazwekazi lonke nasolwandle. Futhi semvelo ngobukhulu ubhekwa kakhulu iplanethi enguMhlaba, noma kunalokho - wonke ezikuwo. Lolu hlelo ibizwa ngokuthi i-Global.

Isakhiwo semvelo

Umthombo oyinhloko wamandla kuleli chibi elangeni. Lapho kudlule imisebe ngomzimba amanzi, iningi amandla amuncwa plankton, bese ukuyisebenzisela i-photosynthesis. Ukukhanya esisele kancane kancane amuncwa amanzi uqobo. Ngakho-ke, ukukhanya njalo omkhulu, futhi eduze phansi incipha emazingeni engenhla. Noma yimuphi ecosystem ngokwanele enkulu chibi okuthiwa isinxephezelo ezingeni. Lokhu ukujula, okuyinto ifinyelela okuyisilinganiso esiphansi semali edingekayo inani ukukhanya izitshalo. Photosynthesis ezinjalo okwehlisa ukulinganisela phakathi kwemithwalo yakho nezinye izinkomba - okumelwe uphefumule futhi ukhulume ukudliwa kokudla.

Indawo ezingeni isinxephezelo incike izakhiwo amanzi, ebumsulweni nasebunyeni kanye nokuvuleleka. He is uhlobo esinikelweko kuhlukane line. Ngenhla izitshalo zakhe ukukhiqiza isamba ngokweqile umoya-mpilo, bese kusetshenziswa ezinye izinto eziphilayo. A ngezansi uhlu esasihlukanisa oksijini, ngokuphambene nalokho, kuncane kakhulu. Ingxenye esemqoka ke ewela kwamanye, izingqimba engenhla amanzi ukujula. Ngakho, i-ephansi amazinga isinxephezelo zitholakala kuphela labo eziphilayo ungenza ayimbijana oxygen.

Ukusatshalaliswa jikelele yezakhamuzi

Kusobala ukuthi emazingeni engenhla echibini ecosystem uhlalwe ezihlukahlukene enkulu zinhlobo kuka ezonini phansi. Leli qiniso kungenxa enezimo ezingcono ukuze ukuphila ukudla, ukushisa-mpilo izindawo angajulile. Lapho, ezihlukahlukene kucedvwa bukhoma izitshalo ukukhanya-onothando: iminduze, umhlanga, odlula, ikhanda lomcibisholo.

Nazo ngokufanayo, ukukhonza njengephayona indawo izinambuzane kanye eyisinambuzane, izimpethu, molluscs, tadpoles. Futhi lapha ukuthola ukudla kwazo, izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi. eyisinambuzane Iningi ezincane, ukhona edinga semali ukukhanya ezihlala eduze kwamanzi. Iphinde ikhula duckweed elintantayo ngokukhululekile.

Emazingeni yayo engezansi echibini ecosystem kuba engokwemvelo zonke izinhlobo decomposers adla izinsalela efile zezitshalo nezilwane. Kukhona futhi iyikhaya zingaki izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezidla inyama ezifana Pike futhi perch, futhi abanye ezingenamgogodla. Lezi zinhlobo okuphakelayo noma openable kusukela izingqimba engenhla yamanzi nezidalwa efile noma zisizakala ngezinyamazane nomunye.

Umthelela ukungcola echibini simiso semvelo

Omunye izici ezibalulekile zemvelo izinhlelo ezinjalo kuba phosphorus. Kusukela senani incike jikelele umkhiqizo semvelo. Okuqukethwe yemvelo efana emanzini echibini incane, kodwa umsebenzi womuntu kuholela nokwanda okuphawulekayo okuhlushwa. Isizathu esiyinhloko kufanele awele echibini zihlanganisa inqwaba yemfucumfucu ukukhiqizwa, nkinga amanzi angcolile, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kukamanyolo, bese wageza off by imvula ukusakaza ngomshoshaphansi. Konke lokhu kuletha ukuze semvelo uncharacteristic amanani wakhe ngokweqile phosphorus.

Isakhiwo okuholela kuyaphazamiseka kanye nekusebenta uhlelo ubukele: uqala ukwandisa ngokushesha inani plankton kuyiphi amanzi engena zibuthuntu luhlaza ogqamile. Leli chibi isiqala "nembali", kodwa lokhu kuphela isinyathelo sokuqala. izakhi Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingcoliswe, amanzi aba ngaphansi te zihlangana nomoya-mpilo kwelanga (plankton ukuncela izindodla ukuthi ngabe ngitholile nezinye izakhamuzi). Lesi sakamuva kuphazamise decomposers, yingakho amanzi ligcwele izinsalela kancane ezibolile. Ngesikhathi esigabeni sokugcina izitshalo aqala ukukhiqiza ubuthi, okubangela omkhulu izinhlanzi ukubulawa.

Olunye uhlobo ukungcola, ngenxa okuyinto kakhulu abathintekayo semvelo kwechibi - ukushisa. Uma uthi nhlá akubonakali sina: ukungcoliswa ezishisayo akusho ukwengeza amanye amakhemikhali ukuze amanzi. Kodwa ukusebenza ngendlela efanele kohlelo kuncike hhayi kuphela ukubunjwa medium, kodwa futhi lokushisa. enzeke unamandla avuse ukukhula kwezitshalo, okuyinto iqala kancane kodwa ngokuqinisekile ukuphendula ebulalayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo ezithile zezinhlanzi kanye ezilwane ezingenamgogodla zinhlobo ngiyijwayele impilo lokushisa ewumngcingo phakathi. Ukukhulisa noma ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa kule ndaba sivimbela ukukhula eziphilayo nobe kutibulala.

Lolu hlobo ukungcoliswa iyona zibangelwa yizenzo zabantu ezimbonini. Ngokwesibonelo, omunye olusebenzisa amanzi echibini lwaluyophola ophephela e namafemu izitshalo.