I soMfula Yelena futhi umthombo

Esizalweni somfula Yelena iqala km 150 ukusuka ogwini loLwandle Laptev, ngemuva kokuthi, ngokudlula insika esiqhingini sehlukaniswe sebuningini ukugeleza (angaphezu kuka-150). Bagijima up fan enkulu endaweni 45 500 km ^2, ukwakha classical umfula i-delta.

Asiqale incazelo emfuleni zisuka - ngomthombo walo. Kulokhu, imingcele isici uyothathwa ulwazi ibhalwe ngokusemthethweni Water ebhukwini Russian.

springhead

Small echibini Negedeen, ngokwezibalo ze-irejista State yamanzi, ungumthombo eMfuleni ULena. Amanani Kuyinto 7 km kusuka iBaikal, kuse ecaleni lasentshonalanga ye kwentaba ukumakwa Baikalsky bulala nge umthombo uphawu 2023 m izixhumanisi kuchazwe :. North-latitude 53 degrees imizuzu 56 empumalanga ne-longitude 108 degrees amaminithi awu 5. Lwekuphatfwa ngalokuyimphumelelo, kule ndawo Kachug isifunda esifundeni sase-Irkutsk. Iqala kufike emfuleni omkhulu laseSiberia fudlana elincane angaya oneminyaka emihlanu ingane. Lapha Yelena kuqhakanjiswe kuncike peremerzaniyu futhi iphele ukuphuma. Kodwa ngemva bathele ke le nemingenela kuqala, kuba siwuthole njalo.

Umthombo kanye esizalweni somfula

Yelena itholakala Eastern eSiberia. Umfula ugeleza ngokusebenzisa Irkutsk isifunda Yakutia, ukuthatha ziyamaniswa nokungangeni kusukela Trans-iBaikal, Buryatia, Krasnoyarsk naseKhabarovsk.

Zero ukubaluleka imakwe ukuphakama esizalweni somfula. Yelena has a obuphelele ku 4294 km - lokhu ibanga ibhalisiwe kwirejista umphakathi we kwamanzi izinto yeRussia. iconsi Igcwele 1650 m - watermark umehluko phakathi umthombo (1650 m) kanye umlomo (0 m). Okulinganiselwa ku ukuchema kwakukhinyabeza 0.38 m / km. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi lokhu kusho ukuthi ngazo zonke ikhilomitha bebheke ukugeleza komfula komhlaba kuyehla okuyisilinganiso sabangu-38 cm. Eqinisweni, emthambekeni wesiteshi ukugeleza velocity e sifinyelela ongenhla emfuleni zingaphezulu kakhulu kwalokho engiye ukubaluleka izici kwamanzi we soMfula ULena. Lezi zimo zokuma kuxhomeke sezwe.

sifinyelela Upper

Ezimweni ezihlukahlukene kwezwe umthombo kanye esizalweni somfula. Yelena iqala entabeni Predbajkalja sohlelo, bese unqamula Patom Highlands, engena Prilenskoye ithafa futhi esehlela Central yakut Plain. Ngakho-ke wamanzi kunemibandela yizinqamu 3 okungenani zilingana. Eyokuqala yalezi - sifinyelela engenhla uLena, kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube confluence eMfuleni Vitim. Ubude kuyinto 1580 km. Umlomo kokuphakama Vitim - 176 m, ngakho-ke, ngokwesilinganiso emthambekeni phezulu Yelena 0,93 m / km. River embhedeni elingenhla emazombezombe Rapids bese ugelezela endaweni eminyene esigodini ezintabeni. Lapho esondela Vitim iba ububanzi (kufika ku 2 km) kanye ezijulile (12 m), ngezinye izikhathi ahlukaniselwe iziqhingi emkhonweni. Isigodi emfuleni azilingani ngozamcolo eqinile ethafeni masimu ubabonisa phandle ezindaweni ezingaba ngu-30 km. Ibhange kwesokunxele a engajulile - kungcono Central laseSiberia Plateau. Ibhange kwesokudla iwummango futhi okusezingeni eliphezulu - margin Patom Highlands. Nemithambeka nhlangothi zombili embozwe ehlathini, ngezinye izikhathi indawo by nezimfunda.

isilinganiso ngoba

Le ngxenye ubude 1415 km Yelena kuvinjelwe imilomo nemingenela ngobukhulu, kusukela confluence Vitim (ukuphakama 176 m) ziphethe Aldan (uphawu 72 m). Slope alinganiselwa 0.074 m / km. Vitim Yelena ngemva kokuba umfula ogeleza egcwele. Ngemva confluence at 2089 km kusuka soMfula Yelena Olyokma River valley unciphise. coast Rocky, zenziwe nge-limestone. It Yelena Wezinsika - otvesny banayo bobunjwa yinqaba. Ngo Pokrovsk Yelena wakhipha esigodini, esigodini inweba kufika ku 20 km noma ngaphezulu, kwimfunda ihlanganisa strip nobubanzi ukufika kuma-15 km. It kubamba ukugeleza rate - 1.5 m / s 0.5 m / s.

esezansi

Kusukela emlonyeni Aldan noLwandle Laptev ukunweba Yelena aphansi. Ubude lokhu ingxenye emfuleni - 1,300 amakhilomitha. Nge confluence nemingenela enamandla (Aldana futhi Vilyuya) Yelena emfuleni iba elikhulu. Ububanzi owodwa ingalo yakhe embhedeni ukujula 20 m ifinyelela 10 km, futhi lapho kukhona esiqhingini kumiswa ifinyelela 25 km. umfula i-grand - ke kubambezela ngenxa eyehlelayo kancane, akha phansi emfuleni 0.05 m / km noma ngaphansi.

I soMfula Yelena

Izithombe kusuka isikhala ukubonisa ubuhle nokubaluleka emfuleni delta ngobukhulu eNyakatho Nenkabazwe. endaweni yayo mkhulu umlomo owaziwa Nile ayizinkulungwane 20. ^km2. Sokudlondlobala semifula eyinsika siqhingi, km 150 ukusuka ogwini. Yelena emlanjeni sehlukaniswe ngayikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu siteshi. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke lezi ezintathu: Oleneksky (kuvimbela delta entshonalanga) Bykovskaya (Eastern) kanye Trofimovskaya (esimaphakathi), lapho ocucuzayo olwandle 70% amanzi emifula yonyaka. Ukuthumela Kwenziwa Bykovskaya imbobo lapho ngokushesha amyisa ethekwini laseKhesariya Tiksi.

Kusukela ngo-1986, umlomo Yelena atholwe isimo inqolobane uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli Russia - Ust-Lensky. Lokhu olwenzeka endaweni emathafeni esiyingqayizivele, okwethulwa eziningi zezinto eziphilayo of Red Encwadi izitshalo, izilwane ezincelisayo ezingu-32. Lapho mass lokushutheka Waterfowl ukubuyela lapha njalo ngonyaka zokugaya futhi molting. Ichthyofauna ezihlukahlukene futhi ecebile.

Hydrology

Le ndawo okulawulwa kwemithombo yamanzi we Yelena - abayizigidi ezingu 2.49 km ^2. Umthamo wonyaka emifula eminyakeni ezahlukene ezisukela 490 kuya 540 km ^3. Isilinganiso ukusetshenziswa kwemali ngonyaka gauging emlonyeni emfuleni Yelena basukela 15.5 izinkulungwane 17,8. ³ m / s.

Ezokudla River ukunikeza kwezulu, kwasakazwa amavolumu cishe ngokulinganayo phakathi ukuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa nemvula. I share komhlaba ashona ebangela kwama-2%, okuyinto alichaza nemibandela eyiqhwa.

Ukuze umfula libhekene elikhulayo lenkolelo-entwasahlobo okusezingeni eliphezulu, wedlula izikhukhula ezinkulu eziningana kule ihlobo noma ekwindla-ebusika amanzi ongaphakeme nge nokuncipha kwamanzi e sifinyelela aphansi kuze kufinyelele 370 m ³ / s.

kwakhiwa Ice imodi Yelena ihluke kwezinye emifuleni ungqimba oluqinile obukhulu iqhwa in a ebusika iqhwa kancane eside futhi abandayo. Esikhathini sifinyelela engenhla kwesikhathi ngaphandle ice esehlanganise emfuleni ihlala kufika ezinyangeni eziyisithupha emathafeni - ngenyanga noma ngaphansi ezimbili. Freeze-up livela ekugcineni engenhla Okthoba, futhi sifinyelela ephansi - ngasekupheleni September. Wavula ice aqale kusukela engenhla ukuze phakathi May, kwathi ngo-June - ngesikhathi soMfula ULena. Okwedlula amamitha ezingeni ngenhla tide ongaphakeme ifinyelela amagugu abangu-8 kuya 18, okubangela izikhukhula ezindaweni ongaphakeme kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo e ezindaweni ezingasemifuleni lomfula.

namathafa esiyingqayizivele

ubuhle acwebile futhi ukujula imvelo njengoba emthonjeni futhi ngesikhathi soMfula uLena, umxhwele. Kodwa fabulous kunazo ukubukeka nogu kuya National Natural Park "ULena Wezinsika", kuyinto UNESCO Site. Yelena Wezinsika ukuqala ngo-180 km kusuka Yakutsk enhla ukunwebisa amakhilomitha amaningi kanye ibhange kwesokudla, futhi kwezinye izindawo ibhange kwesokunxele.

Geological landscape mkhuba kukhona slantwise calcareous amatshe 200 m. Mangalisayo ucacisa izinsika balethwa hlonipho ngabantu basendulo, futhi bayahlonishwa izivakashi zanamuhla. Esinye isimangaliso iyintaba ambiwa phansi amsulwa akhanya egeleza isihlabathi-tukulans. Ngomlomo Deering Yuryakh kwatheleka wathola indoda nezakudala. Ngo kwepaki wathola izinsalela ukuphila lasendulo: izinsalela omkhulukazi, inyathi futhi obhejane.

ezinganekwaneni abathandwayo ungezwakala kusukela bendawo kanye soMfula ULena. idolobha Underground nge ezitaladini futhi izibani okuphakade, ngokuvumelana bendawo, itholakala eduze nogu lolwandle. Vele kudingeka ukuthola umnyango imfihlo. Futhi watshela ukuthi isiqhingi delta isihloko okuthunyelwe phakathi neMpi Yezwe II ngwenya German pestered.