I-Lymphogranulomatosis ingumdlavuza noma cha? Isifo sikaHodgkin - isifo esibi sezicubu ze-lymphoid: izimpawu, ukwelashwa, ukuxilongwa, ukuchaza

Kwenzekani emzimbeni uma ukuxilongwa kwe-lymphogranulomatosis kutholakala? Emagqeni lymph kukhona "amangqamuzana avikelayo", okungukuthi, i-lymphocytes. Uma umuntu egulelwa nalesi sifo, inani lamaseli amhlophe egazi landa kakhulu, futhi ama-lymph nodes entanyeni nasezindaweni ezingaphansi kwe-underarm ayanda ngevolumu.

Umuthi (pathologist) waseBrithani umsuka uThomas Hodgkin wayengowokuqala ukuchaza lesi sifo. Manje ibizwa ngokuthi i-lodphoma ye-Hodgkin's. Kuyini lesi sifo? Yiziphi izibikezelo zokusinda, futhi lokhu kuphathwa kanjani i-lymphoma?

Isici esikhethekile sesifo sikaHodgkin kukhona ukuba khona kwamaseli okuthiwa yiRed-Sternberg. Ukutholakala kwamangqamuzana e-pathological kubonisa ukuthi ngumdlavuza, kodwa ingabe lesi sifo singomdlavuza wesimo sokubuka?

I-Lymphoma yeHodgkin. Uhluke kwezinye izilonda

I-Lymphomas ikhula kabi kwezicubu ze-lymphoid. I-Lymphogranulomatosis, noma isifo sikaHodgkin, luhlobo lwe-lymphoma. Uma amangqamuzana e-pathological atholakala ekuhlaziyeni, i-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma iyatholakala.

Lezi nodes zanda kancane kancane futhi zibonakala ngaphezulu nakakhulu. Ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okufika ngesikhathi, udinga ukuxhumana ne-oncologist ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Lymphogranulomatosis. Ingabe umdlavuza noma cha?

I-lymphogranulomatosis ngokungangabazeki isifo esibi kakhulu. Ubizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza wezicubu ze-lymphoid yonke indawo. Kodwa, eqinisweni, i-lymphogranulomatosis - ingumdlavuza noma cha? Ngokwemvelo nangokwempilo, i-lymphoma enjalo ihlukile kwezinye izici kusukela kumdlavuza wamanje.

Uyini umehluko?

• Isibikezelo sokwelashwa kwesifo sikaHodgkin samukelekile. Uma i-pathology itholakala esiteji soku-1, futhi azikho ezinye izifo ezithintekayo, khona-ke i-lymphoma iyaphilika.
• Asikho isidumbu sendawo esiyisici somdlavuza.
• Amaseli omdlavuza "adle" amangqamuzana anempilo. Lokhu akulona iqiniso nge-lymphogranulomatosis.
• I-Cancer iqala ngokuguqulwa kwamangqamuzana wezicubu ezixhunyiwe. Nge-lymphoma, ukuthuthukiswa kwezicubu zomhlobo ohlukile (tissue lymphoid) kuphazamiseka.

Kodwa-ke, njengomdlavuza, isifo sikaHodgkin siholela ekufeni ngaphandle kokulashwa. I-Lymphoma isakazeka emzimbeni futhi ingabangela ukunqotshwa kwezinye izitho. Ngezigaba 3 no-4, lesi sifo sesivele sikhulu futhi zonke izilonda zomzimba zithintekile: ngaphansi kwezingalo, esifubeni, ku-groin. Futhi ukwelashwa kubuye kube ne-irradiation.

Lymphogranulomatosis. Izimbangela

Kunemibono eminingi echaza ukuthuthukiswa kwe-lymphoma ngokujwayelekile futhi ikakhulukazi i-lymphoma kaHodgkin. Noma kunjalo, akusekho isithombe esiqondile sezimbangela nemiphumela ngokuphathelene nokuthuthukiswa kwe-lymphogranulomatosis kwisayensi yezokwelapha. Nakuba wonke oncologists abhekisela ezihlosweni ezifuywayo kule sifo. Noma kunjalo, indlela "yokuqaliswa" ayiziwa.

Isici esiyinhloko eshukumisa ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo, noma kunjalo, yi-virus ye-Epstein-Barr, okusho, ngokusho kwezibalo, etholakala ezigulini eziningi. Nakuba kungenzeka ukuthi lezi zinkinga ezizimele noma i-mononucleosis. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi isifo se-Hodgkin (i-lymphogranulomatosis) senza ukuba abantu bezinto ezinobuthi kanye nokuphila okungcolile kuvezwe ngokuqinile nangesikhathi eside.

Ukuze ufunde lolu daba, usadingeka uchithe isikhathi esiningi nemali, kodwa abacwaningi manje banake kakhulu ukwelashwa.

Izimpawu ze-lymphogranulomatosis

Ukuthola isifo sikaHodgkin (lymphogranulomatosis) ngaphandle kokucwaninga akunakwenzeka. Kodwa kudingeka uqaphele futhi ubheke izibonakaliso zesifo.

Izimpawu zimi kanje:

1. Ngaphandle kwezizathu ezikhethekile (akukho ukutheleleka, akukho ukushisa), ama-lymph nodes akhula. Uma i-palpation ingabangeli ubuhlungu.
2. Ukuphefumula ngenxa yokusakazeka kwesifo ku-mediastinum. Ama-lymph nodes aphakanyisiwe esifundeni se-thoracic afaka amaphaphu.
3. I-sweats ebusuku eqine kakhulu.
4. Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo ngokushesha. Umuntu "uyanyamalala" phambi kwamehlo.
5. Kungase kube nobuhlungu esiswini.
6. Ezinye iziguli (30-35%) zikhononda ngesilonda esibi esikhumbeni.
7. Ubuthakathaka nokushisa. Ngokuvame ukufika ku- ^{0 0 0 0}
8. Uma isilwane sanda ngobukhulu ngesikhatsi, isiguli sizwa ubukhulu ku-hypochondrium ngakwesobunxele.

Iziguli ngokuvamile azikhathaleli ukuthi izifo zazo zihlukaniswa kanjani, kodwa zikhathazekile ngesilinganiso sokusinda. Umbuzo wokuthi i-lymphogranulomatosis ingumdlavuza noma cha, ingcono kakhulu yezokwelapha. Abantu abangaxhunyiwe nemithi, kubalulekile ukwazi izibonakaliso eziyinhloko ze-lymphogranulomatosis futhi baqonde ukuthi lesi sifo empeleni singathí sina futhi singaholela ekufeni.

Kuvamile kangakanani i-lymphoma kaHodgkin?

Lymphoma of Hodgkin - siyini lesi sifo? Kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi kuthuthuke futhi kusakazeka kangakanani emhlabeni? Ngokusho kocwaningo, abantu bomncintiswano omhlophe basengozini kakhulu ye-lymphoma kune-Negroid.

I-lymphoma enjalo itholakale ngonyaka kubantu abayi-3 kusuka kwezigidi ezingu-1. Phakathi kwezinye izilonda, i-Hodgkin yenzeke ngamacala angu-15%. Ifomu eliyingozi kunazo zonke libhekwa njengokunciphisa i-lymphoid.

Ngaphambilini, ngisho nase-US, lapho imithi ithuthuka khona, abantu abangaphezu kuka-1 100 bafa unyaka ngamunye kusukela esihlokweni sikaHodgkin. Kodwa ngemva kuka-1975, izibalo zaqala ukushintsha, odokotela bafunda ukulwa ne-lymphoma nemiphumela yayo.

Iqembu eliyingozi

Iqembu lezingozi lihlanganisa inani labantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 kanye nabantu abasha eminyakeni engu-16-20. Izingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 ubudala - leli qembu lihlanganisa u-5% wezinombolo zeziguli. Futhi laba ngabantu abangu-150 ngonyaka. Le datha inikezwa izibalo zabacwaningi baseJalimane. Kunombono wokuthi iqembu lezinhlekelele lihlanganisa nezigaba ezinjalo zabantu:

• Abesifazane abakhulelwe emva kweminyaka engama-30;
• Abantu bavezwe emisebeni yelanga ende ye-ultraviolet;
• Abantu asebekhulile;
• Ukuba nenkinga yokuzivikela nge-immunodeficiency.

Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokwelashwa okunamandla, abantu baphulukisa ngokuphelele, noma ukuxolelwa kugcinwa isikhathi eside uma i-lymphoma itholakele ngesikhathi esiphezulu. Osobala kakhulu kufanele abe umuntu osengozini futhi angathola ukuxilongwa "kwe-lymphogranulomatosis"; Izimpawu, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye ne-X-ray - konke lokhu kufanele kuhlolwe njalo, qaphela futhi ubuke isimo sakho.

Izinkinga

Iziphi izinkinga ezingase zibhekane nesiguli? Kuyaziwa ukuthi i-lymphoma isakazeka kuma-lymph nodes futhi iphazamisa umsebenzi wezinhlaka eziningi. Umsebenzi wesibindi uphazamisekile, i-spleen, i-thymus iyanda kakhulu.

Ubuchopho bonakalisiwe. Kodwa iziphi izifo ezingakwazi ukuhamba ne-lymphoma?

• I-Nephrotic syndrome;
• Izinkinga ze-neurological;
• I-jaundice ye-mediastinal;
• I-lymphatic drainage;
• Ukuchithwa kwamathumbu;
• Ukwelashwa;
• Ukunqotshwa yi-fungus ngokumelene nesimiso sokuzivikela somzimba esibuthakathaka.

Lesi sifo siyingozi kakhulu kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Ngokuqondene namadoda, ngemva kwenkambo yokuphulukisa lesi sifo, azikhuthazwa ukuba nabantwana iminyaka engu-1.

Izifo

Kanjani kahle ukuxilonga? I-Lymphogranulomatosis ayitholakali kuphela izibonakaliso zangaphandle. Kubalulekile ukuthi odokotela babone isigaba sesifo kanye nohlobo lwe-lymphoma. Ukuze uhlolisise kahle ifomu, udinga ukuhlola okuningi.

Yiqiniso, udokotela onolwazi akayona iphutha, uzokwaziswa ukuthi isiguli sine-lymphogranulomatosis, izimpawu. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kusebalulekile, futhi. Ngaphezu kokuhlolwa kwegazi, izinqubo ezilandelayo zenziwa:

• I-MRI.
• I-Biopsy.
• Ngezigaba ezine kunconywa ukuqhuba trepanobiopsy.
• Kumelwe uzizwe udinga izitho zomzimba zentanyeni entanyeni nasemaceleni ama-clavicles. Uma kukhona i-lymphoma, izokwandiswa. Kodwa-ke, abantu ngokuvamile abazwa ubuhlungu.
• I-X-ray ikuvumela ukuthi ubone ukunyuka kwama-lymph nodes esifundeni se-mediastinum. Lokhu kuyisibonakaliso esikhethekile se-lymphoma.

Ama-lymph nodes ekhulisiwe amisa imivimbo nemithambo yegazi, ngenxa yalokhu, iziguli eziningi zivuleka ngokucacile. Kubalulekile ukutadisha imetabolism. Isikhukhula, kanye nokuphefumula okuncane kanye namafindo amakhulu atholakalayo ngaphansi kwe-armpits - konke lokhu kungabonakali ngokungaqondile lymphogranulomatosis.

Ukuxilonga kufanele kususelwe kumininingwane evela ku-biopsy nokuhlolwa kwegazi kwesiguli. Ukuhlola igazi kwegazi ngokwemvelo kubonisa ngokuvamile amazinga aphezulu we-bilirubin, ama-enzyme yesibindi, i-globulins. Isiguli siyotholakala ukuthi sinesifo se-anemia ne-thrombocytopenia ngezigaba kamuva.

Izibikezelo

Kodwa i-lymphoma kaHodgkin ingumdlavuza olula ukuwuphatha. Iziguli ezingaphezu kwezingu-95% ezithatha izifundo ezidingekayo ze-irradiation zilulame. Futhi lokhu kwenza iziguli zibe nomoya omuhle. Phela, akukho lutho lokuphelelwa ithemba uma lokhu kutholakala lymphoma.

Isibikezelo esibi kunazo zonke sitholwa njengesilawuli se-lymphoid. Ngalesi sifo, kukhona amangqamuzana amaningi angama-atypical nezinqwaba zezicubu ezinamafutha. Ukubona ukuchithwa kwe-lymphoid kunokwenzeka kuphela ngosizo lwe-biopsy, ngoba ukufundiswa kwakhe ngokwemvelo akusizi ngalutho. Kodwa leli fomu litholakala ku-5% kuphela weziguli ezine-lymphogranulomatosis.

Okuthandekayo yi-lymphogranulomatosis, ukubikezelwa kokuphila okuphezulu kakhulu. Ukuhlaziywa okunjalo kunikezwa lapho i-lymphogranulomatosis ithola isimo esimnene kunazo zonke - esinomthelela omkhulu we-lymphocytes. Kule nkinga, lesi sifo siqala ngaphandle kwe-sclerosing, necrosis futhi siyaphathwa ngokushesha.

Amafomu Wezifo ZaseHodgkin

Ukucacisa uhlobo lwesifo, kubalulekile ukwenza ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kokubunjwa kwegazi. Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-lymphogranulomatosis. Amangqamuzana omzimba omzimba ayingxenye ye-tumor, futhi uma atholakala, isifo sikaHodgkin siphethe cishe ngu-100%.

Ngakho, amafomu ahlukanisa lawa:

1) Ifomu lesilasi. Ihlanganisa ama-subtypes alandelayo:

• Ifomu engavamile;
• I-Mixed-cell;
• Ngenamba encane ye-lymphocytes (ukuchithwa kwe-lymphoid).

2) Ifomu le-lymphogranulomatosis, elicebile kakhulu nge-lymphocytes.

Kuye ngokuthi yiliphi uhlobo lymphogranulomatosis, udokotela uzohlela ukwelashwa futhi enze ukubikezela. Ifomu eliyingozi kakhulu inani elincane lama-lymphocytes.

Izigaba zesifo

Ngokuqondene nezigaba ze-lymphogranulomatosis, izigaba ezine zivelele, njengomdlavuza. Umbuzo uphinde uphakamise: "Lymphogranulomatosis - ingumdlavuza noma cha?". Empeleni, cishe umdlavuza wezicubu zellymid, futhi odokotela abaningi bayamane bengazibali umehluko.

Kuyini i-lymphogranulomatosis? Izigaba zilandelayo:

1. Isiteji sendawo, lapho iqembu elilodwa kuphela lezinombolo likhuliswa (noma amaqembu amabili).
2. EsiFundazweni - izilonda eziningana zine-lymph nodes zihilelekile ngaphambi kwesifingqo.
3. Ama-generalized - ama-node ahluphekile ezinhlangothini zombili zesimfucumfucu.
4. Yasakazwa. Isigaba sokugcina nesinzima kakhulu, lapho ezinye izitho nezinhlelo zihileleka enkambweni yokugula: isibungu, isibindi.

Isiteji se-lymphoma sinqunywa ngemva kokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound nokuhlolwa kwe-tomography.

Amangqamuzana omzimba weReded-Sternberg asakazeka ngokushesha ngegazi nakwamanye amaqembu amancane lymph nodes. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela i-lymphoma esigabeni sokuqala noma sesibili futhi ngokushesha kuqhuba i-chemotherapy, bese i-radiotherapy. Lokhu kunciphisa ukukhula nokusabalalisa kwamaseli angavamile.

Ukwelashwa ngamasu wamanje

I-lymphogranulomatosis iphathwa kanjani? Ukwelashwa kusebenza ngokuphumelelayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa namashumi eminyaka edlule ekhulwini lama-XX, ukuqhubeka nokuphulukisa lesi sifo kubonakala: amacala angu-90% nabaningi baphila eneminyaka engama-5 futhi, lapho belapha, bayaphulukiswa ngokuphelele. Namuhla emhlabeni jikelele izindlela ezinjalo zokwelashwa ziyasetshenziswa:

• Ukwelashwa ngama-antibodies;
• Ukwelashwa kwezinto eziphilayo;
• I-Splenectomy;
• Ukufakelwa kwe-cell stem;
• I-radiotherapy;
• Ukuhlinzwa;
• Ukwelapha nge-steroids.

Phakathi kwe-cytostatics, odokotela bangakhetha: i-Embichin, i-Cyclophosphan, i-Natulan, i-Prednisolone. Lezi zidakamizwa zisetshenziswa isikhathi eside.

Futhi i-radiotherapy cishe njalo ithuthukisa isimo sesiguli. Ngokuvamile zonke iziguli zihamba ngale nqubo.

Nokho, akuzona zonke lezi zindlela ezisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa. Umhlinzeki womnakekeli wezempilo kufanele athuthukise uhlelo lwakhe. Ezinye zikhawulelwe kuphela nge-chemotherapy kanye nezidakamizwa. Abanye bakhetha ukwelashwa kwe-steroid. Konke kuncike eminyakeni yobuguli nesimo sakhe samanje.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhambi omuntu

Ngaphezu kwemithi, ungathatha imithi yemvelo. Ezinye zezitshalo zinomphumela omuhle wokuphilisa, isibonelo, i-aloe. Nansi enye yokupheka equkethe ijusi le-aloe: 500 gr. Umusi walesi sitshalo, 700 gr. Uju no-20 gr kuphela. Umama. Vikela izinsuku ezintathu.

Kanti futhi, ukwelapha ukwelashwa kuyisiphuzo esivela esitshalweni njengezimpande ezibomvu, noma i-periwinkle.

Kodwa kudingeka uqonde ukuthi ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwamakhambi ngeke kube nesifo esibi kakhulu njenge-lymphogranulomatosis. Ukwelashwa ngamakhambi omuntu kuyinto yesibili; Ngokuyinhloko namanje i-irradiation kanye nezidakamizwa.

Ungazivikela kanjani ku-Hodgkin's lymphoma?

Njengoba izimbangela eziqondile zalesi sifo zingakatholakali, kunzima ukwahlulela ngokuvimbela. Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba abantu abasha bathathe ukunakekelwa kwempilo yabo, bekungavumelani nomzimba emithonjeni enobuthi, njengotshwala nogwayi. Futhi kungase kube yingozi ukuvakashela i-salon yokuqothula njalo.