Ama-painkillers anamandla ngomdlavuza: uhlu, izici zesicelo

Ama-painkillers afanele emdlavuza asiza ukugcina isimo sengqondo sengqondo nesokomzimba esingabhubhisa ubuhlungu be-syndrome. Phela, lesi sifo unyaka ngamunye sibulala izigidi zabantu, futhi iningi lazo ezingeni elizayo lesi sifo liqala ubuhlungu obukhulu.

Ama-painkillers anamandla ngomdlavuza: uhlu lwezidakamizwa

Iziguli ezivame ukwelashwa ezindaweni eziningi zihlushwa ubuhlungu ngenxa yokukhula kwezicubu zomdlavuza, kaningi okuvela ekwelapheni kwe-antitumor. Ngezinye izikhathi ubuhlungu besifo abuhlangene nalesi sifo nokuphulukiswa kwayo.

Ngokuvamile kunzima ukuhlola ubukhulu besifo sobuhlungu futhi umbuzo uvela ngokuthi imiphi imithi yobuhlungu yomdlavuza engasiza ukuze kufezeke umphumela omuhle. Okuphumelela kakhulu kwakuwukuthola imithi enjengale:

• I-Aspirin.
• "Sedalgin."
• "Pentalgin."
• Diclofenac.
• "Interbank".
• "Metindol".
• I-Metamizol.
• "Phenylbutazone".

Ngezigaba kamuva, ubuhlungu bungelapheka kuphela ngezindlela eziphumelelayo. Ngokuvamile isiguli sikwazi ukukhulula isimo samaphilisi aqinile kuphela emdlalweni esigabeni sokugcina. Lapha indlela ephumelela kakhulu yile:

• "Oxycodone."
• "Tramadol".
• «Dionina».
• I-Tramala.
• "Durogezika."
• I-MST-Continus.
• I-Morphia.
• "I-Morphine" kanye neziqephu zayo.

Izici zokusetshenziswa kwemithi yobuhlungu

Ngezigaba ezahlukene zesifo sobuhlungu, amaqembu ahlukahlukene wezidakamizwa asetshenziswa. Imithi ingaba yinkinga yezokwelapha kanye nezokwelapha. Iqembu lokuqala lihlanganisa ama-analgesics (amanye awo akhululwa kuphela emtholampilo). Iqembu lesibili liqukethe ama-opiates, nawo anemiphumela emibi ehlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, ukuze ukwelashwa kusebenze, ama- anesthetics omdlavuza kufanele athathwe ngokuvumelana nesimiso esamukelekile:

• Izidakamizwa ezingezona izidakamizwa ezihlangene ne-adjuvant, ama-agent asekelayo.
• Ama-opiates aswelekile ngokuhambisana nezidakamizwa ezingenakudlwengula nokugcinwa kwezidakamizwa.
• Ama-opiates anamandla (i-morphine kanye nezifanekiselo zalo) kuhlangene nama-non-narcotic and adjuvant agents.

Ukusetshenziswa kwesimiso esinjalo kunomthelela ekukhetheni okufaneleko kwemingcele, ngaleyo ndlela kufinyelele umphumela omuhle okwehlisa ukuhlupheka kwesiguli.

Ngokuvamile, ama-painkillers yomdlavuza ayenziwa ngaphakathi noma ngaphakathi, ngoba ngale ndlela umphumela utholakala ngokushesha kunokuthi uma uthatha amaphilisi.

Ubuhlungu obuhambisana nesiguli nge-pathologies engokwemvelo ngokuvamile kuhlukaniswe yaba buthakathaka, obuphakathi futhi obuqinile. Ngakho-ke, kanye ne-painkillers ngomdlavuza Ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili: izidakamizwa ezingezona izidakamizwa nezidakamizwa. Futhi lokhu kungase kube buthakathaka futhi kuqine. Ngokuqinisekile bonke abagulisi bomdlavuza bomdlavuza bahlanganiswe nezigulisi, ezihlanganisa izinto ezizinzile ezisekela umzimba wegciwane lesimo semvelo futhi zingathuthukisa umphumela wemithi ebalulekile.

Iqembu elingeyona inambuzane yama-painkillers

I-anesthetics enomdlavuza esiteji sokuqala ikhulula iziguli zesifo sobuhlungu ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi. Izidakamizwa ezingezona izidakamizwa zinganciphisa izici ezithinta ukubukeka kobuhlungu. Kodwa-ke, banemingcele ye-anesthesia futhi ukwandisa umthamo ngeke kuholele emphumela omuhle, futhi kuzokwandisa umthelela wemiphumela emibi emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke, ama-painkillers omdlavuza angenziwa kuphela udokotela. Yonke imithi yaleli qembu ihlukaniswe ibe lula futhi iqinile.

Izidakamizwa zokukhanya ezingekho izidakamizwa ziyasebenza esigabeni sokuqala sesifo, lapho isiguli singenaso isifo esizwakalayo sosizi. Ngokujwayelekile, ithebhulethi ye-anesthetic kuqala ibhalwe ngomdlavuza, okunciphisa izinga lobuhlungu besifo. Ukwemukelwa okunconywayo:

• "I-Paracetamol."
• I-Aspirin.
• "Sedalgin."
• "Pentalgina".
• "I-Phenazone."
• I-Panadola
• "Nurofen", "Miga" nabanye.

Kuze kube manje, ama-painkillers asetshenziselwe umdlavuza, onganciphisa ukuhlupheka kweziguli. Kodwa zingabangela imiphumela emibi, ngakho kufanele uhambisane nemithi ethile.

Imiphumela emibi

"I-Analgin" inqunywe ngobuningi bama-milligrams ayizinkulungwane zonke amahora amathathu kuya kwangu-4. Umthamo wezinye izidakamizwa ze-analgesic neParacetamol ingaba yingxenye ephansi, futhi isikhathi phakathi kwamanani senyukela emahoreni amahlanu kuya kweziyisithupha.

Imiphumela emibi ngokuthatha "i-Aspirin" iboniswa ngokusabela okweqile, ukuhlukunyezwa kwamathumbu, ukungajwayelekile kwesistimu ye-hemostasis, ebangela izinga lokugaya igazi.

Uma kwenzeka ukudlula ngokweqile kweParacetamol kanye nezifanekiselo zalo, ukulimala kwesibindi esinobuthi kungabonwa.

Yiziphi iziphazamisi ezisiza ngomdlavuza: amandla aphakathi

Udokotela wakhetha izidakamizwa ezinamandla ezingenazo izidakamizwa lapho isimo sesiguli sigula futhi ubuhlungu buqina. Kulesi sigaba, ukwamukela kuqala:

• "Meloksikama."
• "Tenoxicam."
• "I-Pyroxicam."
• "Indometacin."
• Diclofenac.
• "Metindola."
• "Interban".
• "I-Metamizol."
• "Phenylbutazone".
• "Naprosina"
• "Brufen."
• "Voltaren".

Ukuphumelela okukhulu kulezi zidakamizwa kuhlangene nama-analgesics, ikakhulukazi uma ubuhlungu bubangelwa ukusakazwa kwe-metastases ethangeni. Kodwa-ke, umphumela wezidakamizwa ezingekho zezokwelapha ulinganiselwe, futhi azikwazi ukukhulula ubuhlungu obukhulu. Ngakho-ke, lapho izinzwa ezingathandeki zikhuphuka, abanikazi bokuphuza abanamandla bangena empini nomdlavuza.

I-Narcotic group of pain relievers

Izidakamizwa zezokwelapha zihlukaniswa njengezikhali ezinamandla ekulwa nokubuhlungu. Baqokwa kuphela njengendlela yokugcina, ngoba abagcini nje ukukhulula ubuhlungu, kodwa futhi babangela ukulimala okungenakuqhathaniswa nomzimba wesiguli ezingeni lomzimba nesokwengqondo. Lapho ubeka izidakamizwa ze-narcotic, kubalulekile ukulandela ukulandelana okuqinile, kuqala ngokulula. Futhi uma abantu abanjalo bengasakwazi ukusiza, baphendukela kumaphilisi aphezulu. Emdlavuza, ama-opioid kufanele aqashwe ngudokotela oya khona oqapha izinguquko esimweni sesiguli futhi, uma engahambisani nomuntu noma owedlule, ukunikeza usizo oludingekayo.

Ama-opiates yiqembu elikhethekile lemithi engasetshenziswa ngezigaba ezihlukahlukene zomdlavuza. Ngesizo sama-opiate, ukuzwa okubuhlungu nokulinganisela ubuhlungu kuphumula. Ngokuvamile, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kuvunyelwe ekhaya ngaphandle kokuqondiswa kwesisebenzi sezempilo esiphethe.

Lapho ukufika kwe-opiates kufika, ukwelashwa kuyahamba ngokuvumelana nesimiso: kusuka ekukhanyeni kuya ekuqine. Ngaphansi kweqembu lokuqala lemithi yezokwelapha kusho ukuqokwa:

• "Oxycodone."
• "Tramadol".
• «Dionina».
• I-Tramala.
• "I-Codeine."
• "I-Dihydrocodeine."
• "Hydrocodon".

Indlela yokwelapha yamalungiselelo anjalo ingafakwa, ihlanganisiwe, injectable. Kukhona amaconsi namakhandlela. Umphumela osheshayo ufinyelelwa ngamajova. Isilinganiso esilinganisiwe sama-opiates angama-50 kuya ku-100 mg ne-interval yamahora angu-4-6.

Njengoba kunesifo esibuhlungu kakhulu, lapho ama-opiate alula engakwazi ukubhekana nawo, izidakamizwa ezinamandla zomshoshaphansi ziyasiza. Uhlelo oluvamile:

• Fentanyl
• Buprenorphine
• "Prosidola"
• "Norfina"
• "Durogezika"
• I-MST-Continus
• I-Morphia
• "I-Morphine" kanye neziqephu zayo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa okunjalo kungaholela ekuthembekeni, futhi isiguli kufanele siphumelele njalo umthamo wokugcina umphumela.

Zonke izidakamizwa zezinambuzane zihanjiswa kuphela nge-odokotela, ukusetshenziswa kwazo kulawulwa ngokuqinile futhi kubalwa. Ukubika, abamele isiguli bagcwalise amaphepha afanele futhi banikeze ama-ampoules asetshenzisiwe. Ukuze kutholakale ukulawula, izidakamizwa ezinjalo zinikezwa ngenani elinganiselwe, libalwe isikhathi esithile sesikhathi.

Uma iziphuzo ezingenayo i-narcotic zinqunyelwe kunoma yikuphi ukwelashwa kwemvelo, khona-ke izidakamizwa ezinamandla ze-narcotic zisetshenziselwa uhlobo lomdlavuza, ukuze kungabi ngcono isimo futhi hhayi ukulimaza isiguli.

Iziphakamisi

Emkhakheni wezidakamizwa ezi-adjuvant (ezisizayo), ezibaluleke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezigulisi, zihlanganisa imithi eminingi yeziqondiso ezahlukene. Ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kuphumelela ukuqashwa:

• Corticosteroids ;
• Ukucindezeleka noma ukudubula;
• Anticonvulsants;
• Ama-Antihistamine;
• Anti-ukuvutha;
• Antipyretic.

Zenzelwe ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukunciphisa ingozi yemiphumela emibi kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwama-painkillers aqinile ku-oncology.

Umdlavuza we-Lung: kanjani ukukhulula ubuhlungu?

Umdlavuza we-Lung ungenye yezibonakaliso ezivame ukwedlula zonke ze-oncology, okuvame ukutholakala ezinkathini ezisheshayo, lapho ama-painkillers aqinile kuphela esiza ukukhulula isifo sobuhlungu. Okuthandwa kakhulu ukuqokwa kwamathuluzi afana nalokhu:

• Fentanyl.
• Morphine.
• "Omnipon".
• Buprenorphine.

Ama-painkillers anamandla ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu Thatha ngaphansi kokuqondiswa okuqinile kukadokotela.

Umdlavuza wesisu: kanjani ukukhulula ukuhlupheka?

Ama-painkillers anamandla womdlavuza wesisu nawo anqunywe futhi aqashwe ngudokotela oya khona. Kuvame ukuphakanyiswa ukuthatha:

• I-Morphia.
• "Fentanyl" noma "i-Alfantanil"
• "Oxycodone" ngenxa yobuhlungu emathanjeni amathambo.
• "I-Methadone" enobuhlungu emathisini omzimba.

Ama-painkillers anamandla akhethiwe ngokusekelwe esimeni ngasinye futhi endaweni yangaphakathi yesifo sobuhlungu.

Anesthesia for umdlavuza webele

Waba nomdlavuza webele wezinyosi owejwayelekile. I-analgesic yomdlavuza Isifuba siphinde sabekwe udokotela, ngokusekelwe esimweni esijwayelekile sesiguli. Umphumela omuhle kakhulu ngemiphumela emibi kakhulu ekhonjisiwe yabonwa uma uthatha:

• "I-Methadone."
• Fentanyl.
• "Oxycodone."
• "Meperidina."
• "I-Codeine."

Kwaphawulwa futhi ukuthi izilinganiso ezifanele zalezi zidakamizwa ezinesifo esinjalo kulabo besifazane abangezanga ukubangela ukuxhomeka kanye nesidingo sokwanda kwenzalo.

Imithetho eyisisekelo ye-anesthesia

Ukufeza umphumela omkhulu wokuthatha imithi ebuhlungu, kufanele ulandele imithetho ethile:

• Ama-anesthetics omdlavuza kufanele athathwe, ahambisane nesimiso esiqinile nezilinganiso. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba ufeze umphumela omkhulu kakhulu ngenani elincane nsuku zonke.
• Ukuthatha imithi kufanele uqale ngamaphaphu bese kancane kancane uqhubekela phambili kumandla aqinile.
• Kuphoqelekile ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezisekelayo ezingathuthukisa umphumela futhi zinciphise ukubonakaliswa kwemiphumela emibi.
• Ukwenza ukuvimbela imiphumela emibi yezidakamizwa.

I-apesthetic plaster ku-oncology

Ngezinye izikhathi ama-analgesics asebenza ngokushesha kufanele asetshenziswe. Ngesifo esibuhlungu esingapheli, okuphumelela kakhulu yi-Fentanyl. Futhi uma ngesizathu esithile isiguli asikwazi ukudubula, khona-ke usizo luza ne-patch nalo muthi.

Kusukela ku-plaster, ukuxoshwa ubuhlungu kuyadonswa izinsuku ezintathu. Ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kutholakala emva kwamahora angu-12 emva kokufaka isicelo. Isilinganiso semithi sibalwa ngabanye, futhi isici esibalulekile kulokhu yisikhathi.

I-anesthetic plaster iyasiza ezimweni lapho isiguli kunzima ukugwinya noma ukudla ngenxa yomonakalo emithanjeni. Kwezinye iziguli lolu hlobo lwe-anesthesia luyinto elula.

I-neoplasms engathandeki kanye nemithambo ye-metastase ibangela ushintsho olungenakuguqulwa kanye nokuchithwa kwamathambo enempilo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuphela kwemizwa kuyingozi futhi kunezinqubo zokuvuvukala, ezihambisana nobuhlungu obukhulu. Ukuze ngandlela-thile kusize isiguli sigcine isimo sakhe sengqondo nesokwenyama, i-anesthetics inqunywe ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Yiziphi izidakamizwa ezingasetshenziselwa umdlavuza, udokotela unquma ngokwezifiso, kuye ngokuthi isigaba sesifo kanye nokutholakala kwemithi esebenzayo.