Umdlavuza ongabonakali: ukubikezela. Izimpawu ezisemqoka, izimbangela nezindlela

Namuhla sizobe sitshele kulesi sihloko mayelana nomdlavuza ongasebenzi. Lesi yisifo esibi kakhulu. Kulesi sihloko sizohlola futhi izibonakaliso zalesi sifo, izindlela zokuzihlola, nazo zonke izindlela ezikhona zokwelapha lesi sifo. Okokuqala, phawula ukuthi umdlavuza yigama elivamile, okusho isifo esihlobene nokuguqulwa kwamaseli nokusabalalisa emzimbeni.

Isiboniso sezinga lomdlavuza

Lesi sifo singathinta izitho ezahlukene zomuntu. Lesi sifo siphinde sitholakale ngezigaba ezahlukene. Ukuthi lesi sifo sitholakala kuthiwa ukuhlukaniswa kwayo. Ngokuvamile kuboniswa yincwadi G. Uma kukhona amangqamuzana anesifo emzimbeni womuntu, lapho izinga lokuguqulwa nokwahlukana kwamangqamuzana aphilile libizwa ngokuthi yi-indifferentiated futhi libizwa ngokuthi i-G3. Futhi kukhona amangqamuzana ahlukene kakhulu. Cishe ifana nalabo abaphilile. Ngokuvamile kuthiwa yi-G1. Umdlavuza ophakeme kakhulu unenkinga enobungozi.

Izicubu ezibhekisela kulolu hlobo lwesifo zinegama elifanayo njengezicubu ezisakazeka kuzo. Isibonelo, i-adenocarcinoma, umdlavuza ongasenakutshelwa okwebala kanye nabanye. Futhi umdlavuza ongenazo izifo unikezwa igama kusuka esimweni samaseli anegciwane. Isibonelo, i-squamous cell carcinoma engafanelekile, iseli elinjengendandatho kanye nabanye. Lesi sifo sinokuthuthuka okusheshayo, sibonakala ngamasastasis avamile. Lesi sifo sibi futhi singathinta izitho zomuntu ezihlukene.

Incazelo yesifo

Umdlavuza omncane we-undifferentiated unomqondo ophawulekayo - amangqamuzana aguquguqukayo akakwazi ukuhlukanisa. Ngamanye amazwi, ayinayo ikhono lokuthuthukiswa. Okusho ukuthi, ayiqhubeki kuze kube yilapho yenza umsebenzi wayo. Singasho ukuthi ayikhuli, kodwa ihlala esiteji esithile sokwakheka. Umdlavuza womdlavuza walolu hlobo lomdlavuza unamaseli angabonakali angakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi abelwe yona ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwesitho.

Izinhlobo zesifo

Cabanga ngezinhlobo zezifo. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zalesi sifo yilesi:

1. Umdlavuza webele we-Adenogenic.
2. Umdlavuza we-we-undifferentiated.
3. Umdlavuza we-Adenogenic esiswini.
4. Umdlavuza wamaphaphu ongabonakali.
5. Umdlavuza we-adenogenic we-nasopharynx.

Ziyini izimpawu zomuntu onesifo?

Izimpawu zesiguli umzimba wakhe onegciwane lesifo esingenakubalwa zingahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi yisiphi isitho esithinteka yi-tumor ebulalayo. Uma umuntu enesifo esinjalo njengesifo somdlavuza wesisu esingenalutho, khona-ke uyoba nezimpawu ezilandelayo:

1. Ukutholakala kwamandla adonsela phansi esiswini emva kokudla.
2. Izinzwa ezingathandeki (ubuhlungu obuvuthayo, obukhulu noma obubukhali) esiswini.
3. Umuntu uhlala egula.
4. Kukhona ukuhlanza.
5. Ukwenqaba imikhiqizo yokudla (isibonelo, inyama, izinkukhu kanye nabanye).
6. Ingxenye noma ukungabi khona kokudla okuphelele.
7. Umuntu okwanele ukugcwalisa ukudla okuncane.
8. Kukhona ukulahlekelwa okunzima kwesisindo.
9. Kukhona ukunganaki, ukukhathazeka.
10. Umuntu ngokushesha uzizwa ekhathele futhi ekhathele.
11. Ukushisa komzimba kungavuka ngaphandle kwempawu.
12. Ukuthukuthela.

Izindlela zokuthola umdlavuza ongenawo umfutho

Kuyaziwa ukuthi yilokuqala, lesi sifo sitholwa, kungenzeka ukuthi umuntu angabuyisa umzimba wakhe. Umdlavuza we-undifferentiated (adenogenic) utholakala ngezindlela zesayensi zanamuhla.

1. I-Endoscopy. Ukuthola amakhemikhali ezitho zangaphakathi, izindlela ze-endoscopy ezifana ne-fibrogastroscopy, i-bronchoscopy, ne-colonoscopy ziyasetshenziswa.
2. I-laparoscopy iyindlela yokungenelela emzimbeni womuntu ukubona amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
3. I-Ultrasound (ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound yomzimba). Naphezu kokuthi le ndlela yokucwaninga ilula, ivumela ukucacisa ukuba khona kwezicubu ezinxenyeni ezinjenge-isibindi, ama-pancreas, isisu, ama-ovari nama-lymph nodes.
4. X-ray. Le ndlela yokuxilongwa ingabonisa ukuba khona kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza ongasebenzi. Yenza izinhlobo ezinjalo zocwaningo njengo-irrigography, i-hysterography, i-tomography ehlanganisiwe yekhanda nenhliziyo. Le ndlela yokuxilongwa ikuvumela ukuba ubone izindawo ezithintekile ngamaseli anesifo bese unquma isakhiwo sabo.
5. I-Biopsy. Kwezinye izimo, kuyadingeka ukuthi uthathe lokhu kuhlaziywa kumuntu. I-biopsy isifundo sezinto ezithintekayo zendikimba. Le nqubo ikuvumela ukuba unqume ukuthi hlobo luni lwesisu. Ngabe isiphi isifo somdlavuza ongenzi lutho. Isibikezelo sokuthuthukiswa kwesifo singenziwa futhi nge-biopsy.

Ukwelashwa ngezindlela zendabuko nezanamuhla

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kungcono ukusebenzisa izindlela zanamuhla zokwelapha umdlavuza ongenasiphelo. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi indlela iphelele. Ngakho-ke, umuntu unamathuba amaningi okuyeka inqubo yokukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi alungise umzimba wakhe ukuze avuselele lesi sifo. Ukutholakala ngokugcwele komzimba. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kungcono uma lesi sifo sitholakala esiteji sokuqala.

Ngakho-ke, umuntu unconywa ukuba enze ngezikhathi ezithile ukuhlolwa komzimba. Kubalulekile ukukhombisa udokotela ngesikhathi bese uthatha izivivinyo ezidingekayo. Uma kukhona okungajwayelekile okutholakala, kufanele kwenziwe izifundo ezengeziwe ukuze kungabikho ukutholakala kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza emzimbeni.

Iyiphi imithi esetshenziswayo? Izindlela zokwelashwa kwesifo

Yiluphi uhlobo lwezokwelapha oluphakanyiswayo uma umuntu enomdlavuza ongapheli? Ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngezindlela eziningana.

1. Ukwelapha ngemithi yokwelashwa. Le ndlela yenziwa ngemisebe ye-ionizing energy. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-radiotherapy kunqunywe ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe amanye amangqamuzana omdlavuza. I-irradiation ingenziwa ngaphandle noma ngaphakathi. Futhi, zombili izinhlobo zokwelapha imishanguzo zingabekwa.
2. I-Chemotherapy. Ngokuqinisekile abaningi baye bakuzwa ngale ndlela yokwelashwa komdlavuza. Okuyinhloko yale ndlela ukuthatha imithi yomuntu e-cytotoxic. Lezi zidakamizwa zingasetshenziswa ngendlela yamathebulethi, noma zingafakwa emzimbeni. Kwezinye izimo, izidakamizwa zenziwa nge-intravenously noma nge-intra-arterially. Ngokuvamile, udokotela ubeka isimiso esithile sokuthatha le mithi. Ukusuka endleleni umzimba obona ngayo izidakamizwa ze-cytostatic, futhi ukusebenza kahle kwesimiso esinqunyiwe sikadokotela kuxhomeke emthethweni we-chemotherapy emzimbeni womuntu.
3. Ukwelashwa komdlavuza ongenawo umfutho nge-therapy ye-biological. Okuyinhloko yale ndlela ukusebenzisa imithi ekhethekile. Zikhiqizwa besebenzisa ama-nanopreparations amasha kanye nama-antibodies monoclonal. Loluhlobo lwezokwelapha lusetshenziswe maduzane. Inomphumela omuhle emzimbeni ekulwa nomdlavuza wamangqamuzana.

Isibikezelo sokwelashwa kwezifo

Ngeshwa, uma umuntu ebuza udokotela esikhathini esikude sesifo, angeke asakwazi ukusebenza. Futhi ngalolu hlobo lomdlavuza, indlela yokuhlinzwa iyasebenza kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokunganakwa kwezifo ezingenakudliwa yi-pregnosis engavumelekile. Kodwa uma lesi sifo sitholakala esiteji sokuqala, khona-ke singelashwa. Kubalulekile ukususa lesi sifo ngokuhlinzwa. Kodwa ngemva kokuba isisu sisusiwe, isiguli kufanele sithole inkambo ye-chemotherapy nemisebe. Kodwa umuntu kufanele azi ukuthi, noma ngabe ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi ekususweni kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza uye waphumelela, ukubuyela emuva kungenzeka. Okusho ukuthi, ukubukeka kwabo emzimbeni. Ikakhulukazi phakathi neminyaka emithathu yokuqala emva kokwelapha. Kukhona izibalo eziphindaphindiwe ngemuva kokwelashwa komdlavuza wesisu kwenzeka kwamacala angu-90%. Uma bekhona, khona-ke ukubikezela kuyodumazeka, okungukuthi umuntu ojwayelekile uhlala izinyanga ezintathu.

Izimbangela zesifo. Amaqiniso anentshisekelo

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izizathu zokubonakala kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza emzimbeni womuntu azange zisungulwe. Kodwa izimbangela zomdlavuza zihlukaniswa zibe amaqembu amakhulu amathathu.

1. Izici zomzimba. Leli qembu lihlanganisa imisebe ye-ultraviolet nemisebe.
2. Izici zamakhemikhali. Okufanayo - izinto ze-carcinogenic.
3. Izinto eziphilayo. Isibonelo, ama-virus.

Ekuqaleni, ngaphansi kwezinto ezithile, isakhiwo se-DNA sishintsha. Ngenxa yalokho, iseli alifi, kodwa izinguquko futhi liqala ukwanda.

Ngaphandle kwezici zangaphandle ezingenhla, kunezici zangaphakathi ze-DNA ukuphazanyiswa kwesakhiwo. I-heredity efanayo. Kodwa lapho kutholakala ukuthi kunzima ukuthola ukuthi yikuphi okuyisisekelo salokhu kuhluleka. Ngenxa yokuthi izimbangela zomdlavuza aziwa kahle, ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kuncishiselwa ekususweni kwamaseli agciwane. Noma kunjalo, ososayensi abaningi bayavuma ukuthi imbangela enkulu yomdlavuza ukwephula isakhiwo se-DNA. Futhi libhujiswa ngamagciwane. Njengoba uneminyaka yobudala, ukumelana komzimba kunciphisa, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ukungena kwamagciwane emzimbeni. Kunconywa ukuba ugweme ukutholakala ekukhanyeni kwe-ultraviolet, ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, futhi uqaphele ukuthatha imithi yama-hormone. Futhi, kufanele uyeke ukubhema, ngoba lo mkhuba uholela emdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Imitholampilo ekhethekile

Kumele kuthiwe emhlabeni kukhona izindawo ezihlukahlukene ezibhekana nokuphathwa kwezicubu zomdlavuza. Uma kungenzeka, khona-ke kufanele ufunde izibuyekezo nemiphumela yomsebenzi wale mitholampilo. Mhlawumbe kunengqondo ukubhekana nomdlavuza emtholampilo okhethekile lapho kunendlela ephelele. Ezinye izikhungo zinikeza ukunakekelwa kwesiguli sehora eli-24 futhi zisebenzisa izindlela zakamuva zokwelapha besebenzisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamanje kwezokwelapha.

Isiphetho esincane

Umdlavuza ongabonakali uyaphathwa, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthatha zonke izindlela ezidingekayo ukubuyisela umzimba futhi ube nesimo sengqondo esihle. Ngakho ungalahlekelwa ithemba lokuthola kabusha.