I-Ebola. Omsk oluhambisana nemfiva

It kungenziwa ngokuthi ezimangaza ngonya isiphetho sokuthi yezwekazi lase-Afrika Kuvezwe esintwini nelesabekayo, isifo esingalapheki enjalo kuze kube manje, njengoba ingculaza kanye Ebola. Nakuba kunenkolelo ukuthi basizwa ukuba azalwe hhayi kuphela imvelo, kodwa futhi ukungenela umbuthano ezithile ososayensi abafuna ukwakha izikhali ezintsha ezibangelwa amagciwane, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi - lesi sifo esibulalayo. Izindaba ezinhle kulesi simo, eyodwa kuphela - Ebola, ngokungafani AIDS, ongakabi lasakazekela nakwamanye amazwekazi. Waqale ezitholakala nezidumbu nezinkawu omkhulu (kanye AIDS) kanti ezinye antelopes ngo-1976

Lokhu nobulwelwe ingumbulali zomzimba womuntu ezingeni subcellular. Lethality ifinyelela 90%. Ososayensi baye okwamanje kunqunywa indlela bantu ezisindayo ngemva kwakhe. It wagomela ukuthi igciwane odabule izigaba eziningana ucwaningo kanye kuphela ngemva kwalokho "eyakhishwa". Zithanda noma zingathandi, cishe singeke ozokwazi, nakuba wamangaza kakhulu ngokuzitika engavamile yayo, asandanga ngaphandle kwe-Afrika, njengoba kwenzeka ne-HIV (i-AIDS). Kukholakala ukuthi Ebola asandanga bakamalalahlengezela ngezizathu zokuthi ayenakho cishe akukho isikhathi uphawu-free, uma isiguli, okuyinto othwala isifo, akulona ngebukhona bakhe futhi isakaze amagciwane emhlabeni.

Ziphathe abantu basheshe bafunde ngalesi sifo, kodwa ngisho ne usizo lwezempilo ezimweni eziningi, maduze uyafa. Igciwane okubangela lesi sifo undemanding kakhulu. Yena kahle azizwa ophilayo izicubu womuntu kanye efile. I-Ebola kungokwalabo odokotela umndeni filoviruses (Filoviridae) futhi zihlukaniswe 5 izinhlobo ezahlukene: Sudan, Zaire, Ivory Coast, Bundibugyo, Reston. Basuke okuthiwa ngakho ezindaweni lapho kukhona kokugqashuka enkulu lesi sifo. Ubhadane okukhulu kakhulu ezihlobene ne ezifana zinhlobo pathogenic kakhulu ezifana Sudan, Zaire, Bundibugyo.

Ebola ibangela isifo esihlobene oluhambisana nemfiva. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka nge ukuxhumana ngqo uketshezi, igazi, kwezitho nezicubu bento elinegciwane. Umzila ezivamile ukutheleleka iyona ukudliwa kokudla ingcoliswe igciwane. Inkinga sína Afrika iyona ukungabi emazweni amaningi kohlelo eyodwa zokuhlanjululwa amanzi angcolile nendle. imikhiqizo womuntu imfucuza bavame nje wagomela futhi isetshenziselwe zalisa amasimu, igciwane endleni yabantu abanaleli, basakaza ngenkululeko phezu izindawo ezinkulu kakhulu. Enye into engikhathazayo ezakhamuzini engena indle emifuleni kanye amadamu, lapho abantu nezilwane kudle amanzi.

Lesi sifo kungaba kubonakaliswe kokubili ukopha zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. It libhekene ebukhali pyrexia, ikhanda kanye muscle ubuhlungu, ubuthakathaka ezinzima. Ngokuvamile kuhambisana uhudo, ukuhlanza, ukuqubuka, isibindi normal kanye nokusebenza kwezinso. ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo yalesi sifo alikho. Odokotela bavame kancane kuphela lula isimo lesiguli, ekuqedeni ezinye zezimpawu eyayihambisana nalo.

Ngeshwa, eRussia kukhona ngokuvamile izifo ezinzima viral. Lezi zihlanganisa, isibonelo, Omsk oluhambisana nemfiva. foci Yemvelo ukutheleleka sezihlonziwe ezindaweni eziningi: Omsk, Tyumen, Novosibirsk, Kurgan, Orenburg. Izimbangela zesifo sezisunguliwe ngu ukuzihlukanisa igazi labantu abanaleli gciwane namakhizane igciwane eduze encephalitis ezithwalwa. It kungokwalabo bohlobo Flavivirus omkhaya Togaviridae. Imithombo main ukutheleleka abhekwa amanzi amagundane, Waterfowl. Ukuze indoda igciwane ongena ngesango imikhaza Dermacentor marginatus futhi pictus lapho ukuluma. Kungenzeka ngu ukutheleleka zabantu ngokufaka uketshezi kusukela kwezilwane ezinegciwane ngokusebenzisa isilonda esikhumbeni futhi nolwelwesi lwamafinyila e ukucutshungulwa befuna isikhumba, ukugeza emachibini, kanye nokudla namanzi ngokusebenzisa. Lesi sifo eqoshiwe kusuka April kuya September, nenani eliphakeme ngoMeyi no-Agasti.

Isikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni igciwane - izinsuku 2-12. Lesi sifo ine kuqala okukhulu 40 ° C enomkhuhlane, Ukugodola, ngamanzi ebusweni, ikhanda, umjovo sclera. Iziguli avele ubuhlungu bemisipha, ikakhulukazi ezingalweni nasemilenzeni futhi emuva. Amazinga aphezulu siyenzeka 3-4 izinsuku, bese sehle, nezinsuku 10-12 ifinyelela amagugu evamile. Iziguli eziningi ube imfiva 2 wave bonke izimpawu, nakuba kancane ezinzima. Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zesifo kuthiwa yathi ukopha (ngokuvamile acinene). Cishe ingxenye yesithathu yomphakathi iziguli ziba i-pneumonia atypical.

Sifo kusekelwe umlando epidemiological, serology futhi isethulo emtholampilo. Iziguli esibhedlela ngokushesha. Ukwelashwa kusetshenziswa indlela yokwelapha ngokukhishwa kobuthi egazini, i-calcium chloride, vitamin K, ascorbic acid, glucocorticoids. Ngokuvamile esetshenziswa serum immunoglobulin noma igazi labantu abakwazi alulame ngenxa yalesi sifo. Isibikezelo ukutakula ngokuvamile evumayo. Mina owayesegule we imfiva, kukhona banawo lo igciwane.

Prevention liyathuthuka umsebenzi ukuqubuka kwezifo (Ukubhujiswa esihleliwe izilwane zasemanzini - kungenzeka imithombo viral). I foci lesi sifo asetshenziswa imithi exosha, izingubo ezivikelayo, ukuhlolwa ukuthola ukubulala imikhaza. Phezu ukuthola we ngomnikelo omncane abathintekayo wenza yokugoma serum igazi labantu walulama.