Hesse, "Demian": isifinyezo

Hermann Hesse - eyaziwa umbhali German-Swiss, owawina uMklomelo KaNobel Emkhakheni Wezincwadi ngo-1946. Imisebenzi yakhe edume kunazo - noveli "Steppenwolf," The Glass Bead Game "," USiddhartha ". Kodwa-ke, ukuze uqonde lokusungula nombhali, kubalulekile ukuya imithombo, imisebenzi ekuqaleni we Hesse." Damien "- inoveli, wadala ngo-1919 ngaphansi mbumbulu Kodwa. ilapho ziyikuqala ngandise imiqondo kanye nezixazululo ukuthi abangu kamuva ukusebenza imisebenzi eminingi owaziwa Hesse.

Classic kwezincwadi German

Hermann Hesse wazalwa edolobheni laseJalimane Calw ngo-1877. Abazali bakhe zevangeli. Umkhulu nal wayejabula wemfundiso yenkolo, noyise, Johannes Hesse sikhathi, wahamba no-mission sevangeli beya eNdiya, futhi, kubuyela Empire isiJalimane, wahlangana nenkosikazi yakhe esizayo endlini ukushicilela Gundert.

Herman ngimntwana yesibili emkhayeni. Kwaqale kwafika ukukhanyisa udadewabo Adele ngo-1875. Marullo zisencane noHans.

Umndeni Hesse kutshalwa pietism. Lokhu angomunye yamaLuthela itholakala ukuzishaya ezehlukile, njalo ukuxhumana ngqo noNkulunkulu, kanye nomuzwa ukulawula njalo phezu yakho amandla ukuphila ngaphezulu.

Ngo 1881 kwalokho wathuthela eSwitzerland, umndeni Hesse sika ( "Demian" Kamuva yabizwa ebhaliwe ezweni elifanayo). E Basel, uHerman ingena esikoleni sezithunywa zevangeli. Kusukela esemncane zonke waphawula ithalente lakhe - ukunxanela for Umdwebo nokudlala izinsimbi zomculo. Esikoleni, uchitha ucwaningo lokuqala etemibhalo. Ucezu lokuqala Hesse, okuyinto indlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekile - inganekwane, "Bafowethu Amabili", okuyinto wabhala I-udade osemusha e ihlanganisa iminyaka eyishumi ubudala yena.

Ngo-1886 Hesse wabuyela Calw, noHerman nezifundo zakhe esikoleni sabefundisi ngesikhathi sezindela. Yena amakhosi izilimi zasendulo, ukutadisha ngokuningiliziwe iVangeli, wabhala izinkondlo kuqala. Kamuva, ezinye zezenzakalo kwalesi sikhathi kwakuhileleke yena enovelini "Ngezansi kwesithombe Wheel". abaphenyi Iningi esikholwa ngokuphila kwakhe.

izinkinga ezingokwengqondo

Umphefumulo wokuqala sina isiJalimane ubhekene nenhlekelele emuva 1892, lapho eneminyaka engu-15 kuphela ubudala. Ushiya esikoleni samaKatolika, futhi ngosuku olulandelayo abangane nothisha simthole elele a inqwaba. Uqala ukuzizwa ayenqaba jikelele kokubili abantu abadala futhi ontanga.

Ekugcineni Hesse eshiya Isigodlo futhi uzama ukufunda e Boll e Baden-Württemberg. Nokho, isimo sakhe siya siba sibi kakhulu, futhi ngemva ukuzibulala kuhlulekile umzamo abazali ukuthumela emtholampilo zengqondo Germana Gesse. "Demian", sifinyeto okuyinto ngokuyinhloko inquma izinkinga ezifanayo amaqhawe, futhi umsebenzi ngokwengxenye ngokuphila kwakhe.

Ngemva kokuzama ukufunda esikoleni nokuba wahlala osafunda typographer, uHerman wayosebenza a ukushicilela indlu sevangeli, elalingelamaFilisti kumkhulu wakhe.

emphakathini kokuqala

Ngemva kwalokho, Hesse imatasa self-imfundo. Ngo-1899, ku-imali etholwe futhi engamancozuncozu, wanyathelisa incwadi yakhe yokuqala, "Romantic Songs". Ngemva kwesikhashana - iqoqo tindzaba letimfisha "Ihora ngemva kwamabili." Nokho, izincwadi akuzona ethandwa futhi ithengiswe kabi.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imisebenzi yakhe abe ukhulile. Akwaziwa phakathi German ekufundeleni uthola ngokusebenzisa inoveli "UPetru Camenzind", onyatheliswe kuyi-ukushicilela indlu Berlin. Ngaphezu udumo nemali sina ukuthi avunyelwe ukuba bagxile izincwadi.

Uthando Nempi

EBasel, eSwitzerland Hesse wahlangana Maria Bernoulli. Ngo-1904, abathandi nge uhambo e-Italy, bese unquma ukushada.

Injabulo yemndeni isime ihlala iminyaka engaba ngu-10. Inkinga iqala ngo-1914. Ngu kokugqashuka kweMpi Yezwe ukungezwa ukufa kukayise, Hesse nokugula yomkakhe. Ngenxa yalezi zenzakalo, isimo engqondweni yomlobi siya siba sibi kakhulu futhi. Futhi ekugcineni bengavumelani umkakhe. Hesse ekugcineni bahlelekela esehlukanisweni ngo-1919.

Impi iye ihlukaniswe yonke iYurophu kwaba amakamu amabili, kuhlanganise nalezo Wathintwa naseSwitzerland, lapho egogobele khona, Hesse. Uzama ukubhalela phambi, kodwa kutholakala langakufanelekela inkonzo.

Ujwayele Lang

izenzakalo ebhalwe ngenhla ngokusekelwe eBhayibhelini isimo sibe sibi isimo sengqondo nephrozi, futhi enquma ubheke Ochwepheshe. Ngo-1916, e Lucerne, wahlangana no-Dkt Yozefom Langom. Phakathi konyaka nesigamu lidlule naye cishe 60 umhlangano psychoanalysis.

kamuva Lang eba ngumngane wami oseduze we Herman. Emisebenzini eminingi, udokotela ukuyichaza prototype izinhlamvu.

Ngo-1919 ishicilela inoveli amasha nge Hesse - "Damien". Incwadi isayinwe mbumbulu ka lakhe - ngesikhathi ishicilelwe ngaphansi kwegama Emil Sinclair.

Isihloko egcwele yomsebenzi "Damien, noma umlando kobusha. ' Hesse ukufihla wonke umuntu ukuthi umlobi. Umshicileli uphatha ukukholisa ukuthi idale umbhali abasha Ezifuna, owabuza Hesse ukushicilela inoveli ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe.

Kuphela 1920, waqaphela ukuthi zabhalwa Hesse. "Demian" iza isihlokwana "Umlando wobusha Emilya Sinklera, eyabhalwa Germanom Gesse."

umlando Emil

Roman Gesse "Demian" - kuyinto indaba yokukhula kanye ukunxanela okungokomoya hero. Emil Sinkler - insizwa izama ukuthola izinkinga zabo zengqondo nemicabango, futhi lisondela le nkinga kusuka lefilosofi umbono. Abagxeki abaningi uqhathanise inoveli ne omunye wemisebenzi edume kunazo Goethe - "The kwemihelo ethi Intsha Werther".

Esakhula we Emile abasha wachaza ngokuningiliziwe emsebenzini Hesse "Demian". Uzungu isitshela indaba imfuno hero. Ngisho e eneminyaka eyishumi ubudala, umntwana ukubukela abadala self-reflection. Nge isinyathelo ngasinye, azizwa ukuzethemba, ubuntu bakhe uya ukuzuza amandla.

Imihlaba emibili

Kusukela zisencane, Emil azizwa akuphilayo emihlabeni emibili. Omunye - friendly, efudumele futhi ecacile ebesifuna amandla besilisa ubuhle besifazane. Esesibili - emnyama, asivunyelwe nokubi, kodwa ezithakazelisayo futhi ekhangayo.

Ekuqaleni kwendaba, wahlangana nomfana abaphezulu Frantsem Kromerom, ibhoklolo kanye nokukhwabanisa. Ukuze umethembe wakhe futhi abe yakho kule nkampani, Emil invents indaba ngalokho nabangani muva babamba inkunzi apula engadini yezithelo, kwashona abantu ababili izikhwama izithelo kakhulu. Nokho, ukuqamba amanga engalethi elamukelekile. Cromer waqala blackmailing Emile futhi zidinga ukuba akhokhe, + ngakho-ke akusho adlulisele indaba kumnikazi engadini, okuyinto Sekuyisikhathi eside ngifuna amasela, ngisho umklomelo brand amabili.

Emil iphula siqu piggy bank bese ekudlulisela yonke imali ayenayo, yonke imali, kodwa kukhona azifinyelelanga futhi brand efanayo. Franz enqaba ukwamukela amapeni futhi kudinga inani eligcwele kuphela. Yena likuchaza ngokuningiliziwe ukuhlupheka Emil emsebenzini wakhe-German Gesse "Demian". Amazwibela ekutshela ukuthi Emil ubona okuwukuphela kwendlela - ukuntshontsha imali kubazali babo. Yena oweba imali futhi kunjani kakhudlwana futhi egxilile ngaphezulu emhlabeni amnyama. obumnandi yakhe nokukhathazeka, it is beba more and ivaliwe futhi ivaliwe.

uKhayini

Samuntu yesibili, izwe esenqatshelwe iyona umfundi omusha wesikole Emile, igama lakhe kuletha unhlokweni Hesse - Demian. Incwadi lisitshela ukuthi ukubukeka kwakhe nesithakazelo esikhulu zonke ofunda nabo. Ubonakala kubo ekhaliphile, avuthiwe, avuthiwe ezingaphezu kuka ontanga.

Ehamba Demian ekutshela Emil incazelo umnikazi wezindawo legend kweBhayibheli uKhayini no-Abela. vzgyad abathandwayo on this story inikeza, emsebenzini wakhe-German Gesse "Demian". Quotes ukuthi ngemva kokukhululwa kwe-inoveli waya abathandi izincwadi, wagomela ngokuthi uKhayini - indoda elunge, neAbhele - igwala. Ngokusho Damien, ekuqaleni yonke indaba nibeke uphawu ukuthi kwakunguKayini. Invisible, kodwa bonke abantu emhlabeni nomuzwa wokuthi lapho esenamandla, eqiniseka, enesibindi kuzo. Ukuze ukukuchazela ababengakwenza indaba kuphela oqanjiwe nomfowabo.

Emhlanganweni wesibili Damian uzama Emile ingqondo kwekufundza kwabo amakhono. Yena eqagela ukuthi Sinclair lilawulwa yeFrance, kodwa nguye ophethe baqiniseke ukuthi lezi zinkinga azilutho. Emil agelezela kwesasa, kodwa akakwazi ukuzizwa ukubonga Demian. Kunalokho, ugijimela kwenye i-ukucindezeleka, zivalelwe emhlabeni ekhaya abazali bakhe 'futhi ngokwethukela yokuhamba kude nabangane esikoleni.

sezimiso yobudala

Kunzima nakho ingane likuchaza inoveli yakhe Hesse "Demian". Izinhlamvu main awela nokuthomba. Emil unomuzwa wokuthi uyashintsha, kodwa attributed them emhlabeni amnyama futhi omubi. Izinkanuko zabo nezifiso ukucindezela zaya ziba nzima.

Kuleli phansi uye waqinisa ubungane Demian. Emile ubona kuye umoya ezihlotsheni. Sinclair ikakhulukazi ukuhlatshwa umxhwele ithuba Demian ukulawula abantu kucabangela ukuba intando yakhe.

Anakho umbono lwakhe olukhethekile inkolo. Ngokusho kwakhe, uNkulunkulu waseBhayibhelini - abangaphelele iphinde icisha-witted uhlamvu ngoba limelela kuphela nengxenye ezinhle emhlabeni. Nakuba yesibili, isigamu okubi, limelela uSathane.

Emil eduze lo mbono, njengoba azizwa ukuphikisana phakathi imihlaba, eqaphela manje ukuthi akusiyo umshikashika wakhe siqu futhi inkinga sonke isintu.

Lezi imicabango kuholela umfundi futhi Hesse. "Demian", ogama lokucuketfwe ibonisa imibono yombhali, uveza ukuthi wonke umuntu kufanele ngokuzimela akhethe ukuthi uvunyelwe nalokho akuvunyelwe. Phila ngemithetho yabo futhi musa ukubheka abanye abantu, ngisho ukubheka umyalo.

Beatrice

I-Emil oneminyaka engu-16 ubudala uya ukufunda esikoleni boarding. Nomngani omusha, Alfons Beck, wesikhulu esiphakeme phakathi ofunda yakhe, waqale ifunda yena kodwa esinye isono esingathi - ukuphuza.

Kulokhu, Sinclair uyaqhubeka ukuba banemizwa engqubuzanayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uyaqaphela ukuthi xaxa futhi egxilile ngaphezulu emhlabeni amnyama, ngakolunye - okunxanelayo ukukhanya olumsulwa.

I senguquko ingxabano eba umhlangano uyintombi, Beatrice. Nokho, umfanekiso ke eqanjiwe. Ngisho ngaphandle kokufunda Dante, Emil ifunda lakhe lesingisi Umdwebo yakhiwe, yena Njalo nje wayehamba ephethe. Useqala nikela ayibekile ekahle imidwebo. "Демиан" Герман Гессе. Futhi lapha aphinde kukhona inoveli emangalisayo "Demian" Hermann Hesse. Okuqukethwe lezi imidwebo ebonisa ukuthi izici Beatrice ocishe afane Damien. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ngokujulile ukulangazelela umngane wakhe.

Inyoni ekhethiwe kusukela esidlekeni

Ngokushesha Emil uthola izinto ocezwini lwakhe elincane iphepha ku okwakukhona engaqondakali ngesikhathi emagama lavamile kuqala ukuthi inyoni kukhethwa iqanda, okuyinto izwe. Futhi uma umuntu efuna ukuba azalwe, kufanele uyobhubhisa leli zwe futhi ake inyoni KuNkulunkulu - Abraxas.

Nokho, Lokhu ongaqondakali unkulunkulu Emil ezingaziwa, kakade esifundweni esilandelayo akufundayo ukuthi uhlamvu ngubani ihlanganisa yaphezulu futhi umsuka diabolical. Bayalithakasela Isasasa Esinalo unkulunkulu eliyimfihlakalo kweso ongenza, kodwa emtatsheni wezincwadi iyize.

Isimo sishintshe lapho Emil ihlangabezana organist Pistorius, naye nikhulekele lesi unkulunkulu. Sikubonise Sinclair bathembele kuphela imibono yabo siqu, ukuze anqume ukuthi kungenzeka kuleli zwe, futhi yini akuvunyelwe. UPistorius imibuzo futhi ukholo lobuKristu.

Kusukela sokuphela

Ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni Emile ungena eyunivesithi. Yitadisheni kukhungathekise esibona induduzo kuwo, okwakubekelwa ngifuna ulwazi. Таким образом, госпожа Ева, Демиан и Синклер образуют гармоничное сообщество, которое чувствует себя соединенным законами Каина. Kodwa ehlangana unina Damien, wonke umuntu ubiza Mma Evoyu Ngakho, Ms Eva Damien Sinclair futhi bakha umphakathi lezo ndawo uzizwa exhunywe kwi imithetho kaKhayini. Ndawonye, bakulungele izinkinga, kanye esonta kanye ematfuba.

Emil Sinkler ifingqa lonke ulwazi lakhe ukuheha Eva, wamthanda, kuye, kodwa ngalesi sikhathi izinguquko ezinkulu emhlabeni iqala. IMpi Yezwe Yokuqala ... Umhlaba, konke libonakala limayelana ukuze ugoqe. Abangane eceleni ithunyelwa impi.

Ngigcine Emil kanye Damien ababehlangana kulelo esibhedlela samasosha. Demian umnikeza ngokwanga yokuvalelisa unina, futhi ekuseni iphele. Nokho, u-Emil zonke soloko esishintshile. Manje Damien iba yingxenye ke, futhi kugcine nikulungele ukukhetha uhambe ngendlela yabo.

Ukwakheka kanye nokubuyekeza

Le noveli liqukethe abaphathi nezinhloko eziyisishiyagalombili, ngalinye elikwazi unikezwa unhlokweni. Isandulela ahlose ukwenza umfundi ukukholelwa kulokho Emile - ungumuntu ongokoqobo, nalowo kithi.

Ukulandisa e umuntu wokuqala, okuyinto waphinda kufakazela ukuthi umkhiqizo ngokuyinhloko ngokuphila kwakhe.

Le noveli "Demian" Hesse wathola nemibiko emihle kokubili komakhelwane nasesikhathini abafundi zamanje. Classic kwezincwadi German Thomas Mann, ikakhulukazi, wabhala ukuthi lo msebenzi waba phezu kwakhe okunomthelela ongenakulibaleka amadlingozi.