Oda Aleksandra Nevskogo. Photo. Knights of Order Aleksandra Nevskogo

Phakathi abaningi isimo imiklomelo waseRussia umlando ekhethekile ngezindlela eziningi endaweni eyingqayizivele Order of Alexander saseNevsky. Indaba engavamile yakhe. Oda uvele ngekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili, ngo-1917 uyekwa, bese kabusha yethulwa ngesikhathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Ngo-1991, akabange esaba khona eSoviet Union, kodwa ephezulu umvuzo, ngasinda uMbuso Russian ne-Soviet Union, uqaphele nezigigaba eziningi Amaqhawe Russia entsha. Ukuqhubeka yalokhu ngokujulile. Umkhuzi Order Aleksandra Nevskogo - abantu ukukhonza ezweni, abantu hhayi wezombusazwe. Kulezi wema, ema futhi uyokuma ngokuqinile oNgcwele Russia.

Wayengubani u-Alexander saseNevsky

Wazalelwa 1420, isikhulu kakade eneminyaka engu-22 yaduma ukunqoba brilliant phezu zamaJalimane Knights. Ukunqotshwa kwe-zamaJalimane Knights kwakungelona inhlanhla okungahleliwe. Kusukela esemncane, u-Alexander ayevelele ngokulunga nokuzinikela ezweni lakubo. Ngaphezu ithalente ubuholi, isikhulu babengenalo izimfanelo siqu esingabalulekile kangako, u kuzo intelligence okusezingeni eliphezulu, isibindi kanye elingenakuphikwa isipho ohlakaniphile. Veta kuhlaselwa iRussia Wayenendodana ngemva Battle Eqhweni, kodwa migilingwane izikhali, imibono amasu kanye izinqumo Tactical wasidalula kuhlangene esiphethweni sisihle izivumelwano wezangaPhandle nemifelandawonye eziqinisa isisindo Novgorod kumephu zezombusazwe ezintaba zase-Eurasia.

Ukukhulekela nokudunyiswa Alexander waqala cishe ngokushesha ngemva kokufa kwakhe olungileyo 1263. Ngokushesha ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, wakwazi ukuthatha oda Izigodlo kanye wanikela ngomphefumulo wakhe eNkosini, egqoke igama Izigodlo Alexius.

Iqiniso lokuthi le ndoda ongcwele waba uphawu we obuqhawe bakwa-Russia phakathi nokubusa uCatherine Omkhulu, futhi kuze kufike 1917, kukhona lutho isimanga. On lokho metamorphoses ezikhathini wokuvukela, indaba okuzoxoxwa ngayo ngezansi. Ayikho ezithakazelisayo kancane isiphetho imiklomelo kanye ezinsukwini zethu.

Kanjani futhi obani wayezelwe Order

Umqondo ukusungula i the Order of Alexander saseNevsky wavela kuqala Russian uMbusi Petra Velikogo, kodwa ukuze bona kwadingeka ngesandla esiqinile. Nokho, phakathi nokubusa kwakhe kuye kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingqondo ethandwa isungule umfanekiso umsindisi nobuqhawe ezweni. Futhi ngemva kokufa kwakhe, isikhulu aqhubeka ugqozi feat yebutho lakhe Russian. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwempi Kulikov (1380) U-Alexander izinsalela incorrupt kwalethwa abavikeli bezwe bomdabu. Ngo 1721, Tsar uPeter Omkhulu isinqumo sokuhlehlisa kubo kusukela Vladimir enhlokodolobha entsha. Le nqubo ibizwa kancane imisiwe, futhi kwenzeka ngenxa ngezinga eliphakeme ka nokudunyiswa izinsalela umkhululi kokwesikhulu. Izinsalela abekade Klin, Tver, Vyshny Volochyok, bese wasebenza indlela yakhe ngechibi Ilmen, unomphela eNovgorod. AmaPilgrim eziningi, kodwa, ngokuvumelana isimemezelo koMbusi, ingcwele esiliva wayiswa Shlisselburg, waqhubeka kwaze kwaba 1724. Ekugcineni, u-Archbishop uTheodosius wathola oda kaPetru mina ukuba ekuhleleni ukudilivwa kwamathani izinsalela Petersburg kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-August kulo nyaka, nokuthi kwenziwe. Umbusi Yafa ngaphambi kokuba kusungulwe Order of Alexander saseNevsky. Russia ukukhumbula iqhawe lawo.

Order of uCatherine mina

Catherine mina, umfelokazi inkosi-umbusi wezinguquko, aphathwe ngokucophelela eziningi imibono yakhe kanye netinyatselo. Angazi ukulishiya zingagadiwe nenjongo umklomelo entsha. Agcina eseyinto asanda kusungulwa Order Aleksandra Nevskogo. Uhlu awardees wavula abantu nesishiyagalombili - kokubili ezindizeni zempi futhi ongekho empini, kulokhu iNdlovukazi kancane wahlanekezela umqondo jikelele nomyeni wakhe ongasekho, ukholelwa ukuthi Madoda kufanele kube labo Uthwesé ngokwabo enkazimulweni kuphela. Lo mkhosi kwaba yaqondaniswa nokuhlela umshado kwendodakazi uPetru no-Anna Duke uKarl-Friedrich (Bashada ngo 1725), futhi lokhu kwakuba isikhathi ukuze nginikeze i the Order of Alexander saseNevsky ezine ezivela kwezinye izizwe-Holstein, ngokusobala okuyinto lenziwa ngenxa yezizathu zamanxusa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakheka kanye isimiso kunako ukhishwa yilabo abamele wamabutho, kusukela ngaphansi kwazo kanye jikelele ezinkulu. Kuyefana nasendleleni emagunyeni etafuleni azitshelwa bezigaba. Esikhathini esifanayo 1725 Catherine Ngakuthola kungenzeka umklomelo kule oda futhi ngokwalo. Ngokuvamile, iNdlovukazi ngenxa yalesi sizathu ukuba. Ngo nokubusa kwakhe lonke inani Cavaliers lafinyelela abantu 64 (kuhlanganise naye).

Kusukela Catherine noCatherine

Ngaphambi ekuqaleni "yokuchuma" of uCatherine II kunamasonto angaba amakhulu amathathu izibalo avelele umbuso wathola i the Order of Alexander saseNevsky. Phakathi kwazo kunabafundi A. Umkhulu S. Pushkina, Jikelele-e-abakhulu, uHannibal (eyaziwa ngokuthi arap kaPetru), V. Suvorov, uyise generalissimo sika, academician CG Razumovsky, labahluleli lokuqala eMoscow University, kanye nabanye abantu abaningi abavelele. Amakhosi Foreign (kuhlanganise iNkosi yasePrussia, noFrederick II, inkosi yase-Poland futhi Elector Saxony, August III, Georgian King of Kartli nezikhulu uGeorge Balkar) kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso nodumo olukhulu ukugqoka lokhu indondo. It waklonyeliswa kanye hetman Ukraine.

Ukhishwa ngaphansi uCatherine Omkhulu

Amakhulu amabili namashumi amahlanu waklonyeliswa ngesikhathi sokubusa uCatherine Omkhulu. Isikhathi ngokwayo, izenzakalo sosizi ezaholela ukukhula kwamandla Russian nokukhula nomkhawulo walo, ne empini enqobile kwaba nomthelela kule nkinga. AV Suvorov, MI Kutuzov, FF Ushakov - amagama kakhulu ngokuxazulula yonke inhliziyo Russian. Yaqhubeka emasikweni zokuhlola ezasungulwa Catherine mina, owawuthi ososayensi, izazi-mlando nezingqapheli abalobi, futhi, ekugcineni kwahlaluka ukuthi uyakufanelekela imiklomelo ezifana Order of Alexander saseNevsky. Russia bekulokhu abacebile abantu abanamakhono, futhi ngomqondo othile, impumelelo yabo ziye zaba nomthelela enkazimulweni wezwe engengaphansi kwengu-izenzo Admirals futhi ojenene. Phakathi abamukeli kungaba ukusho ikhansela azitshelwa AI Musin-Pushkin, wathola besikhathi begodu yesizukulwane, "Lay." Maye, phakathi Knights and kwaba elidumile eMoscow isikhulu samaphoyisa Arkharov lapho iqhakazile ngokungenasizathu amandla esiphezulu. Nokho, amaphutha kwenzeke nhlobo.

Paul-oda

Paul ngathatha ushintsho futhi sabahlanganisa uhlelo Ukuklonyeliswa ngokufaka oda olulodwa, ziyashiyana "amakilasi", kodwa emisha akuyona simile. Kwenzeka isimanga ngoba esiseqophelweni eliphezulu of the Empire, Russian waba Order Andreya Pervozvannogo, ngemuva kwakhe - St Catherine, endaweni yesithathu - .. St Aleksandra Nevskogo. Symbol wakhonza njengephayona iribhoni umvuzo ezigugile phezu kwehlombe. Umbala - obomvu, ne ukhozi kabili ephethwe, isibonakaliso kazwelonke. UNongorwana kwaba inkanyezi esiliva enomqhele kwesikhulu kanye igama Alexander njengoba monogram, kanye isiyingi isiqubulo esithi "Ukuze Labour and wobaba." Cavalier wathembela imvunulo ekhethekile ezigugile ngezikhathi ezikhethekile phakathi nokuvakasha inkantolo. Lapho uPawulu wavela kweshumi nesishiyagalombili kuphela ukhishwa, okubonisa izinga eliphezulu le-oda.

isimo Order Special

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi le nqubo yokukhipha i the Order of the Empire Russian ubephelezelwa yemali ubudlelwane enkantolo namanenekazi. Ukuklonyeliswa senziwa kuncike Imali (ruble 200 bese 600), kodwa futhi wanikela ilungelo impesheni noma engenayo yonyaka okweqa leli nani. Lo myalo sasisekelwa kuze 1917, futhi ukuqhutshwa waya nokugcinwa amakhaya abakhubazekile kanye nalabo abangakwazi esiza abantulayo izenzakalo. Control nezindleko ubulungiswa owenziwa abanikazi izindlela lomkhandlu ekhethekile, okuyinto abakhethwe uyakufanelekela kakhulu.

Order kwaba degree elilodwa kuphela, kodwa kuhluka Kusengenzeka. imiklomelo engeziwe babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli izinkemba, izimpawu idayimane, ngisho idayimane izinkemba igqoke nge inkanyezi enkulu. isimo Special komugqa ecacisiwe, nge onjani iyunifomu noma imvunulo ezifanele egqoke i the Order of Alexander saseNevsky, namanye imiklomelo lihambe, nabanye cha.

Ngemva Okthoba Revolution, wonke ama-award yenkosi abangu uyekwa.

KukaStalin "Alexander saseNevsky"

1942. Isimo maphambili sinzima, futhi esikhathini esithile kubalulekile ngempela. Ingxenye enkulu zensimu European zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa ihlasela isitha. Sekuyisikhathi ukukhumbuza abantu esikhathini esidlule okhazimulayo anamandla wawoyise. Ama-oda kanye izindondo Second neMpi Yezwe, esenziwa ngo neminyaka yempi ekuseni, elifanekisela ubuzwe inkumbulo zomlando. Ukhuluma mayelana nemave kanye nokuzwana emhlabeni zezisebenzi okwesikhashana futhi emaphephandabeni, e newsreels futhi imisebenzi yobuciko. sabasebenzi German ngaphansi banner amaNazi lokunyathela ezweni lakithi. Badinga ukunqoba futhi ngikhipha, futhi kuphela ngaleso sikhathi, mhlawumbe, ukuthi akhulume inguquko emhlabeni.

I. V Stalin wayala ukuthuthukisa imidwebo izindondo, yaqanjwa ojenene omkhulu - Kutuzov, Suvorov futhi Aleksandra Nevskogo. Logistics Services iKomiti Technical wabe umsebenzi kahulumeni ezibalulekile. isici yobuciko sendaba esiphathiswe I. S. Telyatnikovu - ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili nesithupha umculi (wezakhiwo).

Movie star kuMyalelo

Umsebenzi eyabelwe Telyatnikova, Kwakungelula, stylistically zonke oda ezintathu kufanele ame ngendlela efanayo, kucatshangwa isithombe abahlala engxenyeni ephakathi ye-uhlamvu emva ngaye umklomelo ubizwa ngokuthi. Ekumeni of Suvorov futhi Kutuzov abaculi bangenwe umoya. Obuso ayeyonikeza Order of Alexander saseNevsky? I-USSR yayinamandla kakhulu cinematic. Ngo-1938, uSergey Eyzenshteyn wenza ifilimu mayelana Battle of the Ice. Igor Sergeevich Telyatnikov wathola kungenzeka ukusebenzisa isithombe kwesikhulu Heraldry esungulwe umlingisi UNikolai cherkasov. Izethameli zijwayele yokuthi u-Alexander saseNevsky ubukeka ngaleyo ndlela, nakuba ukubukeka iqhawe abantu ayikaziwa kube yilolu suku ngenxa yokuntuleka vivo imaging.

Ikhwalithi kanye nobungako

Oda Kwatholakala enhle. Ngesiphakamiso sokuba abamele Mint ku yokuncishiswa yokukhiqiza ubuchwepheshe (kwaba lula ukukwenza tselnoshtampovannyh) Igor Sergeevich Telyatnikov ngenkani waphendula ukuthi umklomelo kufanele wenziwe izingxenye eziningana behlangene. I. V Stalin, ngemva kokuzwa zombili izinhlangothi, wathatha isikhundla umlobi. Nokho, ngokushesha ngenxa ukubonakaliswa ubuqhawe nenqwaba amabutho iRed Army, ayesazobhekana ukuya yokuncishiswa ubuchwepheshe. Basic yokukhiqiza izinto - esiliva (925 Carat) kanye koqweqwe lwawo. Angaphezu kwamashumi amane anamabini amawaka amadoda la imiklomelo zemukeliswe phakathi nempi. imiklomelo eminingi futhi izindondo WWII ukhiqiza amakhophi ambalwa, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi zenza londoloza okuningi. Into wukuthi uthola udumo okusezingeni eliphezulu ukugqoka welungelo isithombe ezweni Russian daredevils yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba kuphela, ezazaziswa kakhulu ngokunqoba esizayo ukuphila kwakho siqu. izinhlamvu Ghibli, umvuzo wabo, kungelula ukuba alondoloze ...

Ayengobani Knights of Order of Aleksandra Nevskogo? Uhlu wavula izinduna lama-42 abangamaqhawe Red Army ngoNovemba, uCaptain SP Tsybulin futhi uLieutenant I. N. Ruban. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ekuqaleni kwathiwa bazitshela ukuthi oda kuyoba ngempela umklomelo abantu futhi uzothola izinduna zakhe junior, kuhlanganise izinduna regiments, kodwa kamuva enwetshiwe emjikelezweni njengabakufanelekele ukuhlaziswa zihlanganisa division izinduna kanye lamabutho izinduna. Le mfuneko eyayibalulekile ukuthi izinqumo zabo wabonakaliswa amakhono, isibindi nokuzimisela, izimfanelo Prince Alexander. Okwakubaluleke kanye ukulingana kwamandla ngesikhathi ukuhlaselwa yimpumelelo. Uma isitha okusetshenziswe ingxenye yethu, baphuthuma ukuhlaselwa, futhi ngaleyo ndlela labhujiswa noma wabaleka, kwaba umcimbi wokwethula indondo kuya iqhawe. Khona-ke, ngokuvumelana yinqubo ibutho balandela Ephakeme Council of umthetho. Hhayi kwakuvame khona amacala lapho ukhishwa Order of Aleksandra Nevskogo kwanikezelwa le ndondo futhi (kancane engaphezu kwekhulu) kanjalo icala esiyingqayizivele, uma amabele abo gqizisa ezintathu (eyaziwa zontathu lezi amaqhawe anesibindi).

Ngakho, umkhuzi inkampani sokuzingela Ivan M. Gray nge iyunithi yemfanelo ayiphathisiwe ngoJuni 1944, wahlaselwa ngesibindi amabutho aphakeme lesitha, ngokungesabi wasondela izikhundla zakhe kanye umlilo wabhubhisa amaNazi aseJalimane ngamashumi ayisihlanu. Izinqaba ethumba amasosha aseSoviet engamakhulu sigxilile, alwa off counterattacks eziyisithupha. Ngakusasa inkampani sawela umfula futhi saya ezingemuva isitha, kunokuba uvumele ukudlula amabutho main amabutho aseSoviet ayezohlasela. Ngakho Inkampani Commander Gray baba knight Order Aleksandra Nevskogo. Kodwa iqhawe akagcinanga lapho. I ibutho kwaba ihamba, futhi ngo-July inkampani i-IM Gray, okubonisa ubuqhawe Ibutho wamelana amaNazi, bese udweba isitha ibe siphithiphithi. Umklomelo wesibili kwaba umvuzo esizifanele.

Phakathi nempi, kunezimo lapho kwehlukana elaliholwa sergeants nezikhulu eziyize. Oda Aleksandra Nevskogo - umvuzo izikhulu, kodwa kulezi zimo futhi ukukhonza izisebenzi wacela bazibonisa ke. Kuyancomeka le migilingwane nedlanzana labesifazane, owalwa phezu izimpi. La maphoyisa isigaba "Normandie-Niemen" French Leon Kafo, Pierre Joseph Risso Pouyade kanye izindondo wathola i-ubuqhawe esibhakabhakeni.

Ngemva Order Victory ka Aleksandra Nevskogo iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi, akekho waklonyeliswa. Phakathi ukuvukela Hungarian a izikhulu Soviet ezimbalwa, wenza isinqumo esiwujuqu nesibonisa ngesibindi, angaphumelela ngokuholela ibutho elincane. Bakhandwa akuvezwe umklomelo.

Ngaphambi 2005, baqhubeka kokwethula imiklomelo kulabo ayikwazanga ukuthola kubo ngesikhathi sempi. Ngezinye izikhathi izinhlamvu ngisho nokuwabona imivuzo yabo.

I-oda entsha ubudala

Ngemva kokuwa emamakini USSR Soviet indondo amasosha nezakhamuzi wanqamuka. Bona kwathathelwa indawo izindondo ezintsha kanye Order of the Russian Federation, e sama athukuthela ngokuqhubeka uMbuso Russian. Ngaphezu Gold Star of the Hero, ambalwa imivuzo agcinwayo igama layo. Ukubukeka timphawu sigameko kuphinde kakhulu ushintshe izimpawu likahulumeni waseSoviet wakhala entsha (noma ubudala), elingenamikhono izingalo, ukhozi kabili ephethwe. Ngo-2010, wasungula i the Order of Aleksandra Nevskogo Russian Federation, ukulondoloza umuzwa eliphezulu ababengaphambi zabo.

Ngokwe umklomelo isimiso uyakufanelekela bakahulumeni kanye nezinye izakhamuzi labo umsebenzi wabo noma anamandla neqhaza ekuchumeni yezwe futhi ukukhulisa profile yayo. Akunandaba ukuthi ingabe kwenziwa imizamo yokuhlonipha emkhakheni ezindabeni zezempi, isayensi, isiko, ezempilo, imfundo noma eminye imisebenzi. Oda Aleksandra Nevskogo Russian Federation kungenzeka ukhishwa kuphela Gentlemen nezinye imiklomelo phezulu lawobaba. Ukhishwa kubo kungenzeka izakhamuzi zakwamanye amazwe noma izihloko, uma kwaba negalelo ekuchithweni ezinezithelo sokubambisana kwamazwe omhlaba. Ngaphezu uphawu main ekhishwe enethiwekhi kanye namakhophi amancane okungase igqoke iyunifomu noma izingubo zomsebenzi ohlangothini lwesobunxele kwesifuba. Waphinde wabizwa isiqubulo ekhazimulayo ubudala "Ukuze Labour and Homeland", okuyinto manje ebhaliwe ku reverse. Uma umuntu ngaphambilini ukhishwa waklonyeliswa Order of St Catherine, iribhoni efanekisela Order of St Aleksandra Nevskogo, kufanele igqoke aphansi.

New Russian Order of Knights

Oda savuka Russian Empire engu- nibonakala eliqoshiwe, ayinayo umfanekiso umlingisi cherkasov, kodwa emzuliswaneni medallion, ingxenye eyinhloko Ukwakheka likhona sibalo Equestrian efana isikhulu-iqhawe isibe ongcwele.

Ingasebenza modified futhi ngokulandelana ukhishwa Order of Alexander saseNevsky. Izithombe Knights enikeziwe press is hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi sihambisana ukushicilelwa esinqumweni esifanele, nakuba eqinisweni yokunikeza lefihlekile akukho mayelana yimuphi omunye wabo ezivela emithonjeni yomphakathi eyaziwa. Kule minyaka emine edlule baye bawela ayisikhombisa. Phakathi ukhishwa udumo okusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nabadlali (V. S. Lanovoy futhi V A. Etush), kanye labapristi bama-Orthodox, kuhlanganise Primate we-Russian futhi Ukraine Amasonto uyise uCyril uyise, uVladimir, futhi izibalo isimo, kanye nabamele ezamabhizinisi (isib, . V. Deripaska). Russian Order Aleksandra Nevskogo lapho futhi Belarusian uMongameli Lukashenko. Akayikhohliwe, futhi labo aye aqinisa lwemishikashika ezemidlalo zabo behlonipha ezweni lethu, phakathi kwabo Tatiana Pokrovskaya - Umqeqeshi we ezivumelanisiwe ukubhukuda iqembu. State Duma amasekela kanye seagull Zyuganov uphinde wathola udumo eliphezulu egqoke esifubeni sakhe isithombe St. Alexander.

Nokho yokunikeza zenzeka njalo. Leli-oda kufanele kusetshenzelwe umsebenzi onzima ukuze kusizakale eRussia iminyaka eminingi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi emashumini.