Hawking emisebeni: izimfihlo ayisekho

Stiven Hoking - the sendawo yonke enkulu kakhulu futhi semithetho yesayensi yemvelo besikhathi sethu. Wazalelwa 1942, usosayensi esizayo kakade eminyakeni engu-20 waqala ukuhlushwa izinkinga zezempilo. Nokho, yesifo sokuwohloka kwezinzwa nemisipha kakhulu zazikuphazamisa imfundo eMnyangweni Theoretical Physics wafunda e-Oxford, akazange akuvimbele ukukhandwa kukaStefanu phila okumatasa, ugcwele zokuphila izenzakalo. Yena sashada ngo-1965, yaba ilungu le-Royal Society ngo 1974. Ngalesi sikhathi wayesenalo kakade indodakazi namadodana amabili. Ngo-1985, usosayensi bayeka. Namuhla, emzimbeni wakhe ukuhamba lugcinwa eyodwa kuphela imisipha yobuso esihlathini. Kwakubonakala sengathi ongasanyakazi ngokuphelele futhi umuntu thulisa wagwetshwa. Nokho, ngo-1995 yena ushada futhi, ngo-2007 ... endiza weightlessness.

Emhlabeni, akukho muntu elingenalo ukuhamba, okuyinto ngabe waphila ngakho egcwele yokuphila nosizo nehuha.

Kodwa akugcini lapho. ukuthuthukiswa enkulu Hawking kwakungu-mbono yokuziphendukela izimbobo omnyama. "Imfundiso yokuziphendukela Hawking," njengoba manje ibizwa ngokuthi, uye bathuthukisa kweminyaka eminingi imibono yososayensi wezwakala mayelana izimbobo black universe.

Ekuqaleni umsebenzi theory yokufunda Njengabanye abaningi abangontanga ozakwabo, wathi ukuthi izimbobo black ukubhubhisa unaphakade konke iwela kubo. Lokhu indida lwazi washiya ebusosheni, ososayensi emhlabeni wonke. Kukholakala ukuthi iyiphi impahla isikhala izinto, kwasinda isisindo, akusiyo.

Ukuba kuye wahlanganyela ekutadisheni izimbobo omnyama ngo-1975, Hawking bathola ukuthi njalo ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana umfudlana izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya-space kanye nokubheka ezinye izinhlayiya aphansi. Nokho, ngisho nososayensi yena yayiqiniseka ukuthi "Hawking emisebeni" okungahleliwe, ezingalindelekile. usosayensi waseBrithani ekuqaleni wayecabanga ukuthi lokhu emisebeni ongaqhubeki noma yiluphi ulwazi.

Nokho, izinga brilliant kwengqondo - ikhono njalo sokungabaza. Hawking baqhubeka nocwaningo futhi wathola ukuthi ukuhwamuka we izimbobo omnyama (ie, emisebeni Hawking) Uyinhloboni quantum. Lokhu kwamenza wakwazi ukuba baphethe ngokuthi ulwazi efika ukuhlelwa kwesikhala sezinhlamvu ngaphandle singabhujiswa futhi washintsha. Umbono wokuthi isimo imbobo njalo, kuyiqiniso uma sicabanga ngayo kusukela umbono physics-non-quantum.

Ngenxa theory quantum, cleaner ligcwele izinhlayiya "virtual" ukuthi ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana emikhakheni ehlukene ngokomzimba. umfutho ekhazimulayo kuyahlukahluka njalo. Lapho kuba namandla kakhulu, ngokuqondile cleaner emkhathizwe umcimbi (umngcele) ka BH ingase izalwe ngazimbili kuyizinhlayiyana-antiparticle. Uma amandla ingqikithi nezinhlayiya ongashadile omuhle, kanti owesibili - ongemuhle uma izinhlayiya abaye bawela ukuhlelwa kwesikhala sezinhlamvu, ngaleso sikhatsi bafundza bacala sokuziphatha ngendlela ehlukile. antiparticle Negative iqala ukunciphisa amandla lonke BH, kanye nezinhlayiya omuhle ivame infinity.

On the yalolu hlelo libukeka ukuhwamuka, ivela ukuhlelwa kwesikhala sezinhlamvu. Kuyinto lokhu ukuhwamuka futhi ubizwa ngokuthi "Hawking ngemisebe." Ososayensi baye bathola ukuthi lo "ukuhwamuka" ukwaziswa okusontekile has ukushisa ayo, amadivaysi ebonakalayo, spectrum, lokushisa ethile.

Hawking ngemisebe, ngokuvumelana usosayensi bufakazela khona neqiniso lokuthi akuyona yonke imininingwane elahlekile futhi iphele kuze kube phakade emgodini omnyama. Abeciniseka ngekutsi quantum physics ebonisa ukungabi nakwenzeka kwento ukubhujiswa okuphelele noma ukulahleka kolwazi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ulwazi olunje, siqala ifomu Ushintshe, iqukethe Hawking ngemisebe.

Uma ososayensi zilungile, esikhathini esidlule futhi esikhathini esizayo emigodini emnyama kungenziwa bahlola kanye umlando kwamanye amaplanethi.

Ngeshwa, athalalise inkolelo yokungafi kungenzeka enqamula isikhathi kwezinye universes usebenzisa izimbobo omnyama. Ukuba khona Hawking emisebeni kufakazela ukuthi iyiphi into uye wawela emgodini, wabuyela umkhathi wethu ngesimo ulwazi esishintshile.

Akubona bonke ososayensi ukwabelana nezinkolelo physics British. Nokho, nabo inselelo kungukuthi ixazululwe. Namuhla izwe lonke ulinde izincwadi ezintsha Hawking, e awuthembisa ngokuningiliziwe bekhombisa uqinisekise umnqopho emhlabeni kwawo kwezesayensi ngokuyeka theory.

Lapho ukuthi ososayensi baye bakwazi ukuthola Hawking emisebeni e lab. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-2010