Gumboldt Vilgelm: Biography nemisebenzi

Wilhelm von Humboldt zazithonya omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni isiko nezincwadi. Imisebenzi yakhe uqhubeke ukuthonya izazi ongqondongqondo. Njalo muntu ofundile izimisele uhlole umsebenzi wabhala ngesikhathi Gumboldt Vilgelm ngokucophelela. nemicabango yenhliziyo yakhe futhi kufinyelelwe iziphetho ezinembile esasebenza ngoba wesimanje XX futhi xxi eminyaka. Ukuze uthole ukuqonda imibono yakhe kuyadingeka lokumba yomlando wakhe, thola okuyinto okwazalelwa kuyo Vilgelm Gumboldt, lapho ayesebenza khona, ogama ubungani zazithonya ekhethekile kuye.

umsuka

Wilhelm von Humboldt, kanye umfowabo ngokulinganayo abanamakhono abasebasha, u-Alexander, waba baka umndeni yizicukuthwane nezicebi, okuyinto lungakhiqiza eziphawulekayo futhi izimali. Bona ephethwe, kuhlanganise enqabeni odumile Tegel Berlin.

Gumboldt Vilgelm wazalwa ngo-June 22, 1767 e Potsdam. Uyise, u-Alexander Georg bavela onxiwankulu Prussian. Uyisemkhulu kwakungu-sibonga wohlanga olukhulu ukuze kokufaneleka abo ezempi. Umama, Baroness Elizabeth von Golvede elisuka French. Ukucindezelwa kwabampofu amaHuguenot eFrance ngempoqo umndeni wakhe ukuba bashiye imizi yabo futhi bathuthele eJalimane, e-Berlin. Lapho u-Alexander Georg efika e Berlin ngemva somhlalaphansi wakhe, wahlangana nenkosikazi yakhe yesikhathi esizayo. Bona wayenamadodana amabili - Aleksandru Wilhelm.

kumiswa

Humboldt umndeni wayezikhandla izinsiza emfundweni yezingane zabo. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-20 Vilgelm Gumboldt ungena eyunivesithi e Frankfurt an der Oder, futhi waqala ukulalela izinkulumo kolimi kanye nomlando e-University of Gottingen kusukela 1788. Kusukela eminyakeni 27 kuya ku-30, wayehlala Jena, lapho ngathola abangane abaningi, abangamalungu zefilosofi owaziwa ongqondongqondo. Phakathi kwabo kuyafaneleka amagama Schiller futhi Goethe. Ngemva kwalokho, yena waya eParis lapho afike ukufunda isiko French - ngoba yiyo kancane futhi igazi French. Nokho, wachitha isikhathi esiningi uzihambela eSpain esifundeni Basque.

umsebenzi okhokhelwayo

Gumboldt Vilgelm wake abalulekile kwezepolitiki yasePrussia. Ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene kusukela 1801 kuya 1819, bekatsatsa ezibalulekile okuthunyelwe uhulumeni, kwaba isithunywa plenipotentiary e Vienna, iVatican, Paris, ePrague. Phakathi nesikhathi sokubusa kwakhe uNgqongqoshe Inkolo kanye Nemfundo, wakwazi ukuba afeze izinguquko ezinkulu kwezemfundo secondary futhi ephakeme e Prussia. umqondo Humboldt sika ukuletha esikoleni samabanga aphansi ngaphansi ithonya elithile lenkolo nokwenza yisikhungo esizimele semfundo.

Ngo 1809 wasungula University of Berlin. Manje kulesi sikole sethiwa Humboldt. Kwakungenxa Berlin ayephila futhi wasebenza Vilgelm Gumboldt, ogama biography kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa elinye lamadolobha njengomuntu onethonya elikhulu kakhulu eJalimane.

Humboldt akagcinanga lapho. kokufaneleka kwakhe zisobala futhi ngesikhathi abadumile iCongress of Vienna, okuyinto eye kuchazwe iyunithi entsha European liwile amandla sikaNapoleon. Kuze 1819, Vilgelm Gumboldt khona ohlakaniphile enethonya owaba nengxenye ekwenzeni izinqumo ezibaluleke kakhulu yezwe. Uye emelelwa lizwe enkundleni jikelele futhi uye baphumelela kulo mkhakha.

ukwenza izinto zokuchitha isizungu

imfundo yekhethelo nokulondeka ngokwezimali omkhaya wakhe avunyelwe uWilliam ukungena kwesiyingi ososayensi abaqavile nezazi zefilosofi isikhathi sakhe. Ngaphezu inzalo professional ezombusazwe, von Humboldt ngangihlala njalo ngithanda e wokubhekela izidingo zomuntu kanye nemibono yakhe. Ngokwesibonelo, eminyakeni 1790h ebhala umsebenzi unelungelo "Imicabango on ngomzamo ukunquma imingcele isinyathelo isimo," okuyinto eba umqondo wokukhululwa ngokuphelele yomuntu ngokumelene nombuso. Humboldt okubeka phambili umqondo ukuthi umsebenzi oyinhloko we state ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho wezwe indawo, kodwa ezindabeni abantu, asifanelanga. Imibono okwethulwa kulesi iphepha, baba ezintsha ngakho, ukuthi umkhiqizo yabekwa ukucwaninga, futhi okwakwenqatshelwe ukuphrinta. Ekukhanyeni Kwathi kuphela maphakathi nekhulu XIX.

Lokhu akuyona umsebenzi kuphela lapho eveza imibono yakhe futhi ukucabanga Vilgelm Gumboldt. Awezolimi got in ubuso bakhe omunye basunguli abasunguli imiqondo yesimanje.

Ngenxa nobubanzi umbono kanye ezingeni eliphezulu lemfundo Vilgelm Gumboldt likhona lonke nokucwala etemibhalo. Ubizwa ngokuvamile abamenyiwe ukuzwa umbono wakhe ngale noma kuleso senzakalo, thola izibuyekezo mayelana izincwadi ukufunda.
Ngo-1791, umkakhe waba Caroline von Dahereden - womunye wabesifazane abafundile kakhulu futhi ehlakaniphile isikhathi sakhe. Wasiza futhi asekelwa bonke lokho akwenza Wilhelm von Humboldt. Ngemva komshado, Humboldt indlu yaba indawo yezimpi emihlanganweni njalo izingqondo engcono wonke kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Lapha ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana futhi abalobi, futhi ososayensi nezazi zefilosofi, nabezombusazwe.

Omunye izithakazelo eyinhloko Wilhelm waqala uhambo. Wayeya ngebhasi emhlabeni Europe, ngokuvamile isikhathi eside ayesele eSwitzerland futhi eRoma. Kwakuthinta ekuhambeni kwakhe uHamani wagcwala uthando futhi isithakazelo esikhulu izilimi futhi namanye amasiko.

tinchubo

Umqondo kwezilimi Vilgelma Gumboldta ithole imvume yayo esiphezulu ngemuva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi kwakhe, futhi kwaqedwa umsebenzi zezombusazwe futhi umphakathi. Wayephethe esiningi mahhala, futhi kwacaca ukuthi ukuletha imicabango yabo kanye nemibono kwifomu olulodwa ebhaliwe.

Ubunzima yokuqala kwaba umsebenzi "On the lesifundvo sekucatsanisa izilimi ukuze izinkathi ezihlukahlukene yentuthuko yabo." Walifunda e ezindongeni Berlin Academy of Sciences. Ngaphezu kwalokho eshicilelwe iphepha "Ekhuluma ngomsuka amafomu nemithetho yolimi nendlela umthelela wabo ukuthuthukisa imibono." Kwakuthinta zibekwe izisekelo wesayensi yezilimi theory, okuyinto kwachazwa Vilgelm Gumboldt. Awezolimi nakakhulu udonsa ngemisebenzi yakhe, futhi theorists ukuxoxa imibono yakhe postulates.

Kukhona umsebenzi osaqhubeka engakakhuli isikhathi ukuphothula kanye ukushicilela Gumboldt Vilgelm. "On the Kawi esiqhingini Java" ingenye umsebenzi onjalo. Lokho ukugcizelela yizinhlobonhlobo futhi ububanzi nokudepha kolwazi ithalente nemibono lokhu sefilosofi wayecabangisisa.

umsebenzi wayo lomkhulu, "On the umehluko phakathi isakhiwo solimi lwabantu kanye nethonya layo phezu intuthuko engokomoya isintu," esanyatheliswa, ngeshwa, ngemva kokufa kwakhe. It Humboldt Wilhelm wazama ngemininingwane eminingi ukuchaza okushiwo ucwaningo lwabo.

Wagcizelela umoya wobunye esizwe ngolimi lwabo. Ngoba ulimi ibonisa lokusungula ulimi ngalunye, kuzoveza umphefumulo wabo bonke abantu.

impumelelo

Wilhelm von Humboldt baba hhayi kuphela ovelele zezombusazwe esimweni, kodwa futhi washiya uphawu abalulekile njengesazi sesayensi oluvelele. Wavikela izithakazelo ezweni lakhe ngesikhathi ukuhanjiswa indawo ye-Europe, ukudala i-oda entsha emhlabeni. Futhi ngempela ngempumelelo. Umsebenzi wakhe ukuthi kuyancomeka yilo mbusi. Wayengumuntu usomaqhinga onekhono.

Ngemva kokuphela kwenkonzo yakhe kanye nomhlaba obhekwe isikhathi khulula oxhumene nesikhungo Ukufunda izilimi, ngezigaba zabo, ukwehlukana letifanako kanye netintfo letehlukile. Imibono ayibeka emibhalweni yakhe eziye zanyatheliswa. ukucwaninga okujulile kwakukubi kangaka ukuthi umqondo wakhe Wawugujelwani kwesayensi entsha - yezilimi. Abanye imibono yakhe kulindelwe kanye eyikhulu futhi kubo kwaqinisekiswa kweyishumi kamuva. Ngesisekelo ayekutholile kwakukhona isayensi ehlukile imisindo yezilimi - phonology.

Babebahlonipha kabusha imfundo iye yasiza ukuwushintsha imizamo eyenziwayo ukuze kuqedwe okungabi nalwazi phakathi kwabantu. Kwakuphakathi esikoleni sakhe waqala izici ajwayelekile kithi. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, alukho uhlelo esikoleni cishe non-akukho.

nakumasiko

ekukhandlekeni Wilhelm von Humboldt sika yabeka isisekelo kwesayensi entsha - yezilimi, yezilimi. Wagomela iziphakamiso, okwakunginika sicabangisise zefilosofi eziningi kanye nososayensi. Kuze kube manje, ochwepheshe bolimi Ziphikisana futhi nixoxe eziningi iziphetho yayo ngento bevumelana okuthile phikisana. Kodwa kunento eyodwa eqinisekile - akunakwenzeka ukuba afunde isayensi ngaphandle kokwazi igama Vilgelma Gumboldta.

Ngaphezu amaphepha isayensi aseleyo titukulwane takho Wilhelm von Humboldt ngolimi, omunye itestamente abalulekile waba inyuvesi eyasungulwa kuye, lapho iziqu izinkulungwane zabantu abasha futhi abanamakhono.

Inani le wesimanje

umqondo Wilhelm von Humboldt buye baba revolution yezilimi. Yebo, ngokusho theorists kakhulu, umcabango ngokwesayensi usephendukele phambili, futhi ezinye imibono kanye umsunguli kwale sayensi aphelelwe yisikhathi futhi baba asihlobene. Noma kunjalo, isazi sesayensi ngamunye kuyoba usizo olukhulu ukwazi nokuqonda inkambo ukucabanga von Humboldt kudalwa imisebenzi yakhe.

Wachitha isikhathi esiningi, systematizing futhi ekulinganisweni ngezilimi ezahlukene amaqembu kwezilimi izici ezivamile noma umehluko. Humboldt kukhulunywa ngalo ukuqinisela kokuhlukana kokubili ulimi - iguquka kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ezithinta lezi zinguquko, ezinye zazo uyohlala phakade, futhi okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi siyaphela kancane kancane.

Nezikhumbuzo kanye izikhumbuzo

eziningi emhlabeni efakwe esikhumbuzo behlonipha Wilhelm von Humboldt, kodwa ingenye yezindawo ezivelele kakhulu kwaba wentaba ohlangothini ebonakalayo zenyanga, okuyinto yethiwa usosayensi omkhulu.

E Berlin, isikhumbuzo behlonipha Humboldt kwenye ezitaladini esemqoka yedolobha - den Unter Linden.