Fire Safety Act. Fire ukuphepha izinhlelo. Fire ukuphepha - kungcono ...

Imililo umonakalo omkhulu. Ezimweni eziningi ahambisana hhayi kuphela ukubhujiswa izakhiwo, imishini, imisebenzi yobunjiniyela, kodwa futhi ukulahlekelwa ukuphila. Kule ndaba, ukuvikelwa langempela zokuphepha umlilo isibe namuhla. Ezingeni lahulumende yokutholwa elawula kule ndawo. Ngokulandelayo, sihlolisise, lokho ukuphepha umlilo izakhiwo, kanye yiziphi izinyathelo zokuphepha okufanele zithathwe ukuze uvimbele futhi ukulwa imililo.

Uhlolojikelele

Injongo abantu bavikelekile ezingozini zomlilo yiyona search of the eziphumelela kakhulu, okusebenzayo futhi okungase kwezomnotho kulingane kusukela iphuzu lobuchwepheshe umbono, izindlela kanye nezindlela umlilo sokuvikela nokuncishishwa. Umsebenzi main - ukunciphisa umonakalo kule ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo iningi amandla futhi baqedwe izindlela. ukuphepha Fire - ke kuyisimo sokungazi into, lapho ngokuyinhloko ngaphandle Amathuba ukuthungela. Endabeni ivela khona kohlaka kokuvikeleka ngoba izinyathelo ezidingekile. Umgomo oyinhloko bezingelwa ukuphepha umlilo - iyona ukuqedwa imiphumela emibi izinto eziyingozi lentuthu abantu, impahla engokoqobo futhi izindawo.

isizinda normative

Isenzo main lomthetho elawula inqubo, owawuthi efakwe ukuphepha umlilo - uMthetho Federal №69. Ukulawulwa labameli art igunya kwenza imibhalo efanele, okuyinto isenzo siqondiswe ekuphathweni zobudlelwano nomphakathi mayelana nokuvikelwa. Kutfutfukiswa ziqondiso ngokuzenza izidumbu esiphezulu wenziwa ngendlela enqunywe yi-Government. Izihloko yezwe Unelungelo ukudala nokuvumela, ngaphakathi imibhalo yabo zamakhono, izihlinzeko zazo elibanzi eliqonde ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kanye nokuqinisa Ukuvikelwa lezinto emililweni. Noma yimuphi ukuphepha oda oda noma umlilo kumele ihambisane nezidingo jikelele sikahulumeni.

Development and ukuqoka wezinyathelo

Umthetho "On Fire Safety" usungula nezimfuneko ezithile ukuze izinyathelo zokuzivikela. Kutfutfukiswa izinyathelo kwenziwe ngokuhambisana zokulawula nohlaka olubhekele sisebenza kuleli zwe, kanye ngesisekelo isipiliyoni ekubhekaneni ngemiphumela imililo, ukuhlolwa isimo impahla, izinto, imikhiqizo, izinqubo, izakhiwo, izakhiwo kanye izakhiwo. "On Fire Safety" umthetho ubeka abahlinzeki (abakhiqizi) ukugcina efanele imibhalo lobuchwepheshe imikhiqizo. Kuyo, ngaphandle incazelo, kufanele kube yokusetshenziswa. I izici lobuchwepheshe imikhiqizo kumele ucacise isigaba umlilo imikhiqizo yokuphepha. Kuyadingeka ukuba ukhethe indlela lokucubungula nezinto zokuhamba.

Iziphathimandla abanekhono, ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha komlilo izindawo kufanele ahlinzeke izixazululo, okuyothi ngalo zithuthe abantu abalinganiselwa ku zizonikezwa. Lo msebenzi lufanele lwenteke kulamazinga lalandzelako esigabeni design. Ukuze wonke amabhizinisi kanye nezikhungo, kungakhethi indlela yabo sobunikazi, kufanele athuthukiswe isu lezokuphepha umlilo. Yena, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kuzomele sifake izinyathelo ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kwabasebenzi labantu nezindawo ezizungezile. izinhlelo Fire ukuphepha kumele zigunyazwe iziphathimandla isimo nemithetho yendawo.

Ukunikeza isivikelo umlilo ibhizinisi

Fire ukuphepha - ke ingenye izici eziyinhloko into. Kususelwa ezingeni layo elilinganisiwe Ukuvikelwa, kanye ukuphumelela izinyathelo ukhule. Ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka Insimu ibhizinisi, egciniwe, isitoreji kumelwe igcinwe. Ngemva kokuphothulwa endaweni ukuba zihlanzwe imfucumfucu fuel imfucuza, emabhokisini futhi nezinye izinto okwazi ukudala ingozi yomlilo. Kufanele njalo ilahlwe, akhishwa ezindaweni ezenzelwe ngokukhethekile.

isu lezokuphepha umlilo kufanele ukunikeza ukufinyelela mahhala kubo bonke izindawo, izakhiwo, timphawu tesakhiwo. Ukungena kanye nohambo yamanzi kufanele kube evulekile njalo. Emagcekeni ebusuku kufanele asebenze ukukhanyisa. umlilo okunqatshelwe, ushise udoti, izinto iphakeji iziqukathi ngaphakathi ibhizinisi. Ngokuyinhloko zokucisha ngokuhambisana nemithetho ekhona zokuphatha, isitoreji, ukukhiqizwa, ukuhweba kanye nezinye izikhungo kumele kunikezwe. Ukubhema akuvunyelwe endaweni ishede kanye isikhala okudayisa. Kuze kube yimanje, indawo ekhethekile kufanele inikezwe. amadivaysi Ukuvikelwa umnyango futhi ukuvuleka zobuchwepheshe ophahleni futhi Izindonga zangaphakathi kumele kube ukuze ukusebenza.

Lapho bewela izithiyo umlilo ukuxhumana ezahlukene ku izikhala phakathi izakhiwo akufanele zingene imikhiqizo amandla omlilo. izitebhisi yangaphandle futhi isimo ezisebenza ku ophahleni lwezakhiwo kumelwe ibe sesimweni esihle. Isitoreji esesula izinto ezenziwe metal amabhokisi ekhethekile nge zamabhodlela. Ngemva kokwenza kudingekile umsebenzi emaphaketheni kufanele uyoyekwa zidwedwe. abasebenzi nezingubo usebenzisa upende, varnishes, amafutha, kufanele igcinwe metal amakhabethe okufanele ifakwe ezindaweni ezikhethekile. izenzo normative Local kumele imiswe ngokulandelana elalineziboshwa ukuhlolwa ukuphepha umlilo.

imikhakha lezinto

Ngokwe SNP, ukukhiqizwa is zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu 6 ukuqhuma, obhubhisayo umlilo ingozi:

• A - izitshalo usebenzisa amagesi ezivuthayo, ezingeni phansi ukuthungela okuyinto-10%. Ngakho ejenti ezinjalo, ungase ube compounds eziqhumayo umthamo omkhulu kwama-5% ivolumu isikhala. Ngesigaba A lihlanganise ibhizinisi lapho amagesi futhi uketshezi asetshenziswa uyakwazi uxhumana oksijini, amanzi noma nomunye ukuba ashise futhi eqhuma.
• B - Ukukhiqizwa, okuyinto amagesi zisetshenziswa kanye nezinga eliphansi ukuthungela engaphezu kuka-10%. Ukuze lesi sigaba ihlanganisa ibhizinisi lapho imicu ezivuthayo nothuli kusukela ephansi ukuqhuma umkhawulo ka 65 g / ^m-3 noma ngaphansi.
• B - Ukukhiqizwa lapho kudingeka khona uketshezi oluvutha kalula nge-flash iphuzu ezingaphezu kuka-610 degrees. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa izitshalo usebenzisa izinto eziqinile, ekwazi ukuba ashise ngaphandle kokufutheka phezu contact ngamanzi, emoyeni noma nomunye.
• T - ukukhiqizwa lapho zisebenzisa izinto okungezona ezivuthayo futhi compounds endaweni ezibunjiwe, esikhipha noma isimo esishisayo, kanye amagesi ukudla okuqinile nokwenza uketshezi uphethiloli.
• D - amabhizinisi lapho ukucutshungulwa izinto okungezona ezivuthayo futhi izinto zokusetshenziswa esimweni abandayo.
• E - ukukhiqizwa lapho izinto eziqhumayo asetshenziswa imali engaphezu kuka-5% we umthamo isikhala nalapho, ngokuhambisana nemibandela inqubo kungenzeka ekuqhumeni kuphela ngaphandle evuthayo. Ukuze lesi sigaba futhi zihlanganisa ibhizinisi ngokusebenzisa kwakwakhe ezingaba ukusabela nge-oksijini, amanzi noma nomunye umlilo.

imikhakha esishintshashintshayo

Ngokuhambisana EMP, okuyinto kulawulwa idivayisi kagesi ezindaweni yezimboni nendle kuzilungiselelo ongaphandle, umbandela eyinhloko ekilasini zokuphepha umlilo. Namuhla wenza izigaba eziningana esishintshashintshayo. Ikakhulukazi, ahlukanisa

• Class B Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa isikwele ku okungase yakha Izingxube kuqhume yamagesi futhi evala nge air ngaphansi kwezimo yokusebenza ejwayelekile.
• Class B-1a. On lezi zindawo ngaphansi kwezimo yokusebenza ejwayelekile musa yakha Izingxube kuqhume, kodwa kungenzeka iphutha futhi izingozi.
• umlilo ekilasini ukuphepha B-1b. Lokhu kuhlanganisa indawo lapho evala ezivuthayo bese kuthi amagesi nge ukuthungela okusezingeni eliphezulu ezingeni leliphasi yezwa nephunga okunoshukela, futhi lo mbukiso, okungase yakha Izingxube kuqhume, ivolumu yikuphi okukhulu kwama-5% umthamo ukuphathwa.
• Class B-1B. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukufakwa zangaphandle, lapho kuqhume uketshezi, evala futhi amagesi.
• Class B-2. Kulesi isigaba ezindaweni ukucutshungulwa wenziwa uthuli ezivuthayo yemisipha uyakwazi ukwakha Izingxube kuqhume ngaphansi kwezimo yokusebenza ejwayelekile.
• Class B 2a. Lokhu kuhlanganisa esishintshashintshayo lapho Imicu yotshani oluvuthayo nothuli bangase bafinyelele compounds eziqhumayo uma ukungasebenzi noma ingozi.
• Class II-1. Lesi sigaba kuhlanganisa production, aqukethe yiluphi uketshezi oluvutha kalula.
• Class II-2. Ngezinye imikhiqizo samanje uthuli ezivuthayo, emakamu umkhawulo engezansi mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 65 g / M3.
• Class-II 2a. Lesi sigaba kuhlanganisa production, lapho izinto ezingase zibambe umlilo zikhona isimo okuqinile, abakwazi ukuya ukumiswa.
• Class II-3. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa ukufakwa, equkethe uketshezi oluvutha kalula futhi compounds okuqinile.

ukuphepha Fire amaholide kaNcibijane

Amagumbi lapho imisebenzi eyenziwa mass akufanele kube ngaphezu esitezi sesibili 2 okukhiphayo. Ngokusho imithetho, owawuthi ukuphepha komlilo Kumele kucinisekiswe engadini, izikole, kwezinye izikhungo, ezindaweni ezifinyelelekayo kufanele ibekwe zokucisha ejenti. Isihlahla sikaKhisimusi kufanele ibekwe othini esitebeleni. It ibekwe kude bafudumale Imishini kanye okukhiphayo. Amagatsha Akufanele athinte amakhethini, amakhethini kanye nezinye izinto ezingase zibambe umlilo.

Inqubo, owawuthi ukuphepha komlilo kuqinisekiswa e zasenkulisa, isikole kanye nezinye izikhungo, evumela ukusetshenziswa ukuhlobisa electrogarlands ukukhiqizwa endaweni yokukhanda. Zonke izingubo, uvolo, gauze amathoyizi kufanele kuthathwe kanye ilangabi cishe yizona ezisetshenziswa kabanzi. Ukuze ukukhiqizwa yayo ukuthatha 150 g of soda no-50 g we isitashi siphela emanzini afudumele (1 L). izingubo namathoyizi ofakwe imizuzu 10 ke omisiwe.

Inqubo, owawuthi ukuphepha komlilo kuqinisekiswa e zasenkulisa, isikole kanye nezinye izikhungo sivimbela ukusetshenziswa ukwenziwa Christmas imihlobiso izinto ezivuthayo. Ungayisebenzisi iziqhumane, sparklers, amakhandlela, okhilikhethi ngesikhathi semicimbi. esisongela ikakhulukazi kukhona ukuma isikhathi eside, izihlahla ezomile, okuyinto eyenza zenziwa zokwenziwa impahla. Phakathi omlilo Zikhiphela eziyingozi kwakwakhe anobuthi.

ukuphepha Fire Eva amaqembu kaNcibijane olunikezwa nezikhungo ezinomthwalo. Lo mcimbi kumele abe khona emsebenzini ekuphathweni. Isibopho eyinhloko umqondisi sikhungo. Ngaphambi imisebenzi okumele kwenziwe amasheke ukuphepha umlilo.

NSOM

Ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kwempahla, impilo zabantu emahhovisi, izimboni kanye abasezindaweni ezizungeze kudingeka iqhinga ukuphepha umlilo. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we kukhonjelwe luhlolo yomphakathi. Isicelo aqalaze isethi ephelele, kuhlanganise imidwebo, imidwebo, kanye nezinye ephepheni. Ukwenza isu lezokuphepha umlilo, kuyancomeka ukuba afune usizo ochwepheshe abanekhono. Ngo ukuthuthukiswa kufanele inake izici isakhi isakhiwo kanye nenqubo emsebenzini wayo. Natl siqukethe semibhalo nezingxenye sokuqhafaza. Ake sihlole kubo ngokuningiliziwe.

umbhalo block

Iqukethe:

• Ukubalwa amalungiselelo ingozi nokuvikeleka.
• Uhlu nencazelo izindawo lapho ibekwe imishini zokuzivikela, isebenze futhi izici imibiko kuzo zonke izakhi isakhi isakhiwo.
• Isigaba nokuvikeleka into.
• Incazelo amadivaysi yokutholakala kwamanzi ngaphandle izakhiwo kanye inkomba yezindlela umnyango ubuciko.
• Phawula ibanga ngqo phakathi izingxenye, izinhlangano zangaphandle, lapho enikeziwe ukulondeka okwanele.
• Izinyathelo ukudala izimo ezidingekayo zokuqeda ukuthungela.
• Solutions ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa lwabantu umlilo.
• Uhlu izindawo, ukufaka kanye nemishini, okuyinto ixhunywe ku-alamu okuzenzakalelayo futhi okuhambisana isivikelo esiyisibopho ejenti zokucisha.

sokuqhafaza ingxenye

Iqukethe:

• Ukuvikelwa Fire isikimu.
• kwesigaba drawing nge imigwaqo ethile ukufinyelela imishini kanye imigwaqo ukushiya le nsimu.
• Loluhlelo basishiye.

izici sokuhlanganiswa

Uhlelo kwakhiwa stepwise. Inqubomgomo inqubo ekwakhiweni kufanele waqashwa umuntu ogunyaziwe. Njengoba ngokuvamile ukhonza umhloli umlilo. Ngokuhambisana GOST elawula uhlelo lwentuthuko, umfanekiso ingxenye kumele kwenziwe kucace futhi kulula ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba insiza-kufundisa. Kufanele kucatshangelwe ngisho ezicashile ezincane lathumela, ikakhulukazi ukupholisa izinhlelo, ukungena komoya, kungenzeka intuthu zone. Kumelwe acabangele yimaphi zici ezingathinta inkambo zithuthe abantu abalinganiselwa ku kusukela isakhiwo. Kufanele itadishe udaba uyaca ukuhlanganela izigaba ewumngcingo ngokunakekela ethile. Lezi zihlanganisa, ngokukhethekile, zihlanganisa ezitebhisini, emaphasishi esikoleni, eminyango. Ubuningi kulezi zindawo kumele singeqi 9 ngamunye imitha square.

uhlelo yezokuphepha

Injongo indalo yayo ukhonza ngokuyinhloko ukuvimbela umlilo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kumele kuhlinzekwe ukuvikela abantu nempahla uma luvutha. Lezi zinto ezilandelayo ezifakwe ohlelweni ukuphepha umlilo:

• Isakhiwo wezinyathelo lwenhlangano lobuchwepheshe.
• Izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuba umlilo.
• Uhlelo lokuvikela umlilo.

Izinyathelo nokuvinjelwa ukuthungela bakha isakhiwo ekhethekile, ukuze kuqedwe ukufa kwabantu ematfuba esingeqile amagugu osekuyisikhathi lobungozi. Umkhawulo amagugu setha ngokuhambisana noMthetho oshiwo ngenhla "On Fire Safety". Isethi ye izinyathelo ukuze kuvinjelwe lesi izingozi futhi ngokulimala okudalwa izinto umlilo. Ukukhishwa kwenzeke nesenzakalo besimo umlilo ibangelwa ekuvimbeleni inkampani, isikhungo, inhlangano noma ukwakha izimo imvelo ezivuthayo tekwakha imithombo ukuthungela.

Injongo lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuqinisekisa izimo ezifanele ukuze kuvikelwe nomthelela omubi noma ulinganiselwe. Le nhloso ibangelwa ekunciphiseni Dynamics ukukhula izingozi, ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngenxa yengozi nemisebenzi ukucindezelwa. ukuqinisekisa uhlelo Ukuvikelwa umlilo uyakukhokha kuhluke ukumelana imiphumela emibi umlilo isikhathi lapho kuyadingeka futhi bawabulale PE. Ngaphakathi accordance nga lo imishini, okuyothi ngalo isaziso, bangabonwa futhi baphume control, usebenze imodi ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Kulesi simiso mkhosi kumelwe abe othomathikhi.

Ekuphetheni

Namuhla izwe uye eziphoqelelwe izidingo okuqinile ukuphepha umlilo amabhizinisi kanye nezikhungo. Imithetho uvumele Ukuvikelwa efanele impahla kanye nabantu. Ukwephula ukuphepha umlilo kungabangela nemiphumela engathi sína futhi ngezinye izikhathi engelapheki. Kule ndaba, ke some kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo zikahulumeni, abahloli, abaphathi ukuba abantu babulawelwe kuzo okungafanele oda.