Ezincelisayo Zasolwandle monotremes: izici jikelele, izici nemvelaphi

Amazing eziphilayo wabantu yabo amaqanda kanye okuphakelayo kwabo abasha ubisi - ezincelisayo monotremes. Kulesi sihloko sibheka lezi systematics futhi izici zokuphila alesi sigaba kwezilwane.

Izici Jikelele Ezilwane Ezincelisayo ekilasini

Ukuze isigaba ezincelisayo, noma izilwane, kukhona ihlelwe kakhulu kakhulu abameleli uhlobo Chordates. sici alandisa kuba phambi nezindlala mammary azalela, imfihlo lapho ayancelisa. Izici sangaphandle isakhiwo kukhona indawo nemilenze ngaphansi umzimba, khona izinwele futhi ahlukahlukene ahlobene kwesikhumba: izinzipho, izimpiko, izimpondo, izinselo.

Ukuze ezincelisayo eziningi, ibuye libhekene khona amathambo eziyisikhombisa wesibeletho, diaphragm, ukuphefumula asemkhathini kakhulu, inhliziyo emine chambered, khona cortex ebuchosheni.

Monotremes, ama-marsupial, izinambuzane: Origin of Ezincelisayo Zasolwandle

Ezincelisayo Zasolwandle kuhluke kakhulu zinhlobo ukwehluka. Platypus, i-kangaroo, imvukuzane, bat, ihlengethwa, umkhomo, inkawu, indoda - konke bale ekilasini. Bonke bavela ezihuquzelayo lasendulo. Ubufakazi leli qiniso okungukuthi yokufana kwezingubo zabo embryonic ukuthuthukiswa, khona amanye amalungu cloaca negwababa amathambo, amaqanda kubekwa.

Ngenxa yalokho izinqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo noma iyiphi kwehlukana okwengeziwe ezincelisayo: monotremes, ama-marsupial, izinambuzane. Umsuka ezincelisayo, kanye nentuthuko yabo okwalandela kwaletha siphi manje isigaba osesimweni alawula uhlelo jikelele silwane. abameleli balo kahle kokubili phansi emoyeni eziphila emanzini.

subclass yinotheria

Lokhu subclass ezincelisayo zihlanganisa iqembu kuphela, okuthiwa monotremes. Leli gama sebewelele sibonga cloaca. Lona omunye umgodi kulo Amapayipi evulekile ngokobulili, wokugaya ukudla bese izinhlelo urinary. Zonke lezi zilwane zikwazi ukwanda ngu zibekela iqanda.

Izilwane izici ezinjalo kungase kungabi abameleli besigaba ka Ezilwane Ezincelisayo? Impendulo ilula. Sinenkosi nezindlala mammary ukuthi uvule ngqo ungene ebusweni umzimba, njengoba monotremes akudingeki izingono. Ewusana olusanda kuzalwa ukhotha it ngokuqondile isikhumba.

Lwasekuqaleni izici isakhiwo njengefa kusukela ezihuquzelayo Awekho cortex futhi gyrus ebuchosheni, kanye namazinyo okuyinto enze umsebenzi uphondo ipuleti. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokushisa lomzimba wazo liyashintshashintsha phakathi kobubanzi ethile kuncike ukushintsha kwezemvelo okunomthelela kusukela degrees +25 ukuze +36. Lokhu-bloodedness efudumele angabhekwa isihlobo.

monotremes amaqanda-laying akakwazi ngokuthi ngempela. Ivame ukubizwa akuphelele ukubeletha. Iqiniso ukuthi amaqanda musa ngokushesha ukuphuma ubulili we Amapayipi isilwane, futhi uhlale khona isikhathi eside. Phakathi nale nkathi, umbungu kakade ngesikhathi isigamu. Ngemva owayephuma monotremes cloaca ukuchamisela amaqanda dweba noma obunesikhumba nabo isikhwama esikhethekile.

monotremes Ezilwane Ezincelisayo: ezimbiwa phansi

monotremes kwezazi ngempela eziningi. Basonta Inkathi Miocene, le Pleistocene engenhla futhi phakathi. Izinsalela endala yalezi zilwane ine kweminyaka eyi-abayizigidi ezingu-123. Abacwaningi baphetha ngokuthi ngokuvamile izinsalela musa ihluke izindlela zanamuhla. Monotremes ezincelisayo, abameleli okuyizinto sendawo, wathola kuphela e-Australia futhi iziqhingi eduze: New Zealand, Guinea, Tasmania.

echidna

Yinotheria - iqembu izilwane, okumelelwe zinhlobo abambalwa kuphela. Ukuze olulodwa-pass ezincelisayo zihlanganisa enesihlungu. Ngenxa yokuthi umzimba wakhe embozwe eside izinaliti elukhuni, yokuzenzisa sifana inhloli kuyinto isilwane. Uma kwenzeka ingozi enesihlungu iphuma ibe ibhola, ngaleyo ndlela ngokuvikela ngokumelene izitha. umzimba isilwane has a ubude mayelana 80 cm, phambi ukuphela kwayo kuyizindlela side futhi yakha lezi ezincane. Yezinyoka - Abantu abahlukumeza abanye ebusuku. Emini ayakhululeka futhi lapho kuhlwa out on ekuzingeleni. Ngakho-ke, lo mbono banayo ibuthakathaka, okuyinto incephezeliswa umqondo kakhulu iphunga. Yezinyoka kuthiwa burrowing nasemilenzeni. bathola ku ezingenamgogodla inhlabathi Nge kubo nolimi okunamathelayo. Izinsikazi zivame walala iqanda elilodwa, okuyinto achamusela emphethweni isikhumba.

izinhlobonhlobo izihlahla ezinameva Nesambane

Iphinde abameleli ezincelisayo ekilasini, esikwatini monotremes. Kusukela yayo eliseduze nezihlobo echidnas maningi side lezi, kanye khona ezintathu iminwe esikhundleni ezinhlanu. izinaliti zabo zimfushane, iningi labo kufihlwe izinwele. Kodwa nasemilenzeni ngokuphambene mude. Izinhlobonhlobo izihlahla ezinameva Nesambane kukhona sendawo esiqhingini guineas okusha.

Ngesisekelo ekudleni monotremes up nemisundu eminingi futhi mabhungane. Thanda Catty, abambe kubo tacky ulimi eside, lapho kukhona izingwegwe eziningi ezincane.

platypus

Lesi silwane is like waboleka umzimba wakhe izingxenye kwezinye bale umbuso. Platypus ingashintshwa ukuze indlela lulwimi emanzini okuphila. Isidumbu sakhe embozwe izinwele obukhulu obukhulu. Kunzima kakhulu futhi cishe amanzi. Lokhu silwane Uqhwaku lwenhlanzi okuthiwa i duck kanye nomsila-beaver. On iminwe ahlelwe ukubhukuda ulwelwesi kanye claws ezicijile. Abesilisa phezu imilenze indluzelekazi ukuthuthukisa sangaleso Horny, lapho iziteshi evulekile ubuthi nezindlala. Ukuze umuntu imfihlo akubulali, kodwa kungabangela ukuvuvukala endaweni yokuqala ezinzima ethize, bese wonke zomzimba.

Akumangalisi-platypus ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi "ihlaya kaNkulunkulu." Ngokusho yetinsita ekupheleni umhlaba ukudalwa uMdali wahlala izingxenye ubuningi ezilwaneni ezahlukene. Kulawa, wadala platypus. Akayena nje Australian sekuphenduke umkhuba. Lona omunye izimpawu zaleli zwekazi, ogama image kutholakala ngisho zemali ukuthi State.

Lokhu esincelisayo kuzingelwa kahle emanzini. Kodwa izidleke kanye Burrows kuzenza kuphela ezweni. Lokhu nezilwane cute akatsheli amanga bathi akunangozi neze. Aphinde abhukude abuyele ngesilinganiso abalulekile, futhi inyamazane ngokwanele cishe ngejubane umbani - ngemizuzwana engu-30. Ngakho-ke izilwane zasemanzini ithuba elincane kakhulu ukubaleka nomzingeli. Ngenxa eyigugu noboya platypus labantu yehlile kakhulu. Okwamanje, abazingeli kubo akuvunyelwe.

Lezi Subclass izilwane

Ezincelisayo Zasolwandle monotremes ngokuyinhloko libhekene kokuba cloaca. Lezi zilwane abe ukuvuleka ehlukile ye kokudla, wokuzala kanye urinary. Kulesi subclass isehlane marsupial nezilwane ezincelisayo esinomhlapho.

squad marsupial

Abamele le amayunithi ehlelekile isikhwama lesikhumba ngesisu sakhe. Ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo monotremes futhi ukuthi isakhiwo komugqa. Kodwa ama-marsupial ke Amapayipi evulekile nezindlala mammary. Eziningi zalezi izilwane uhlala e-Australia, kodwa opossum wathola futhi eNyakatho Melika.

Ilunga edume kunayo marsupial oda kangaroo. Lena esincelisayo esikhulu kuhamba jumping. Ubude yabo ongafinyelela afinyelela ku 1.5 amamitha. Ngenxa evuthiwe nemilenze yangemuva futhi umsila they nyakazo ngokushesha okukhulu. Kangaroo ongafinyelela ngesivinini 50 km / h. Lezi ezidla uhlaza zivame zihlaselwa izilwane ezidla ezinye ahlukahlukene. Basuke ivikelwe nasemilenzeni indluzelekazi, sithembele umsila.

ENingizimu ne-Australia i-koala kuyo, olubizwa nangokuthi i-koala. usuku lonke Lokhu cute isilwane ehlezi kungahambi phezu kwezihlahla. Futhi ebusuku uya yokuphila asebenzayo. Ukudla siqukethe koalas amaqabunga amahlumela amasha zikagamthilini. Lezi zilwane zithandwa elinganeliseki. Ngosuku bakwazi ukudla kuze amakhilogramu ukudla. Koalas inyama engenakudliwa ngobubi bawo, kodwa uboya ongowenani elikhulu kubantu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, lolu hlobo cishe Kwase kusele kancane yokuqothulwa. Phakathi nale nkathi, isilwane wangena e-International Red Book.

Marsupial yingcweti izindawo eziningana. Iningi lawo abantu nezilwane zasezweni. Abanye bahlala izihlahla. Lokhu koala futhi petauridae. Ezinye izinhlobo zawo ukuphila komhlaba. Lezi zihlanganisa i- imvukuzane marsupial futhi opossum.

Ezincelisayo Zasolwandle esinomhlapho

Ezincelisayo, ama-marsupial futhi monotremes yizilwane dioecious nge kokukhulelwa yangaphakathi. Izici eziphambili kakhulu kwesakhiwo babe amalungu esinomhlapho alesi sigaba. Ziyakwazi kabanzi kunazo endalweni. Phakathi ukuthuthukiswa embryonic engimbumbile afterbirth noma umzanyana. Lona umzimba onikeza ubuhlobo umbungu unina. Phakathi nenkathi yokukhulelwa placenta izinsuku ezingu-11 namagundane izinyanga 24.

Leli qembu imelelwa inani elikhulu amayunithi mammalian. Ngakho, abameleli Insectivorous Are onogwaja, nezimvukuzane, muskrats, shrews, amhlophe-toothed Shrew. sici yabo evamile akuyona kuphela uhlobo ukudla, kodwa futhi ukubonakala. Front ikhanda ezidla ehlukana nokuthi lezi side yakha short, okuyinto yizinwele ebucayi.

Esinomhlapho yingcweti zonke izindawo ngaphandle organismic. Amalulwane esekwazi ukundiza ngenxa yokubakhona isikhumba folds phakathi kwezinzwane, esebenza iphiko yabo. Pinnipeds imali iningi kwabo emanzini, futhi izilwane zasemanzini ezincelisayo bukhoma khona unaphakade. I esinomhlapho eliwumhlaba zihlanganisa namagundane, Lagomorphs, guys - namahhashi, Prey futhi wabaBishobhi. Man okungukuthi zokugcina squad.

Ezincelisayo Zasolwandle - the monotremes, ama-marsupial futhi esinomhlapho okuphakelayo zabo ubisi. Ngamunye the superclass has izici zayo siqu. Ngo monotremes ukulondolozwa cloaca, kwakhiwa ama-marsupial isikhumba ivalile, lapho kwenkathi ethile ekuthuthukiseni ezisanda kuzalwa. Bonke bangabangasokile sendawo e-Australia. Marsupial futhi monotremes esinomhlapho ezincelisayo akudingeki. Ngenxa isitho exhumanisa kukamama kanye nengane e utero, ukukhanya livela zezinhlobo ngempela abonakala engasebenza ngempumelelo. Ngakho-ke esinomhlapho are the Ningi kakhulu abameleli besigaba.