Ezihlobene ubudala macular ukonakala: Izimbangela Nezingozi Ukwelashwa

Londoloza ukungaboni sesikhulile kunzima kakhulu. Ngokuvamile kwasebekhulile ikhono ukubona kancane kancane balahlekelwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, wonke kwezitho zomzimba ziqale "uzokhathala". Omunye ethintekile ijwabu kuqala. Kukholakala ukuthi umbono liwohloka kusukela eminyakeni 40-45. Lokhu kwenzeka ngisho nalapho umuntu engakaze ngaphambilini nenkinga umbono ekuphileni. angaboni kahle kwenzeka kancane kancane. Iningi labantu ukhathazekile mayelana "kude-okwesa-", okungukuthi, ukungakwazi ukubona izinto ukuthi sekuseduze. Ngezinye izikhathi, ziba khona izinkinga ezinkulu nakakhulu. Lezi zihlanganisa izifo ezifana ulwelwesi esweni, ukufiphala kwamehlo nokunye. D. Esinye isifo ovamile ubhekwa ezihlobene nokukhula ukonakala macular. Isifo esifanayo kuyingozi ngoba kungasenza siyishaye ukulahlekelwa umbono.

Umqondo ukonakala ezihlobene nokukhula kwe-retina

ezihlobene ubudala ukonakala macular (AMD) - a zokugula esakheka ngenxa izinqubo esiwohlozayo kwe-retina esweni. Le ndawo kuhlobene ngokuqondile ubuchopho (neuropathy kuyinto analyzer). Ukusebenzisa bezibona elakhiwe Imininingwane ngwengwzi futhi iguqulwe ibe ebukwayo. Uma uyikha phezulu le-peripheral we analyzer has a zone okuyindawo ehlanganisa sebuningini receptor - izinduku kanye Izigaxa. Ibizwa ngokuthi macula (ophuzi indawo). Receptor ezakha nendawo kuyi-retina, ukunikeza umbono umbala abantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma livela macula focus ukukhanya. Nge lesi sici, umbono womuntu awuyona ngokunemba ezahlukene nokucacisa. ezihlobene ubudala ukonakala macular retina okuholela ukonakala ijwabu macula. It sibhekana nezinguquko hhayi kuphela ungqimba sombala, kodwa futhi izitsha ukusuthisa kule ndawo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lesi sifo ubizwa ngokuthi "ezihlobene nokukhula ukonakala macular," kungaba ukuthuthukisa hhayi kuphela kwasebekhulile. Ngokuvamile izimpawu zokuqala izinguquko sokugembula esweni ziqala ukuba wazizwa eminyakeni 55. Ukuze isifo abadala futhi senile eqophelweni ukuthi omunye ungalahlekelwa ngokuphelele ikhono lokubona.

ezihlobene ubudala ukonakala macular retina ezihlobene izifo ezivamile. Ngokuvamile lokhu zokugula kubangela ukukhubazeka nokukhubazeka. It is esakazwa emazweni aseMelika, e-Asia naseYurophu. Ngeshwa, lesi sifo ngokuvamile kutholakala izigaba ngasekupheleni. Kulezi zimo kubalulekile iphendukele ukuhlinzwa. Nokho, nge yokwelapha ngesikhathi esifanele, kanye ukuqaliswa izinyathelo kungenzeka ukugwema ukuhlinzwa pathology yezinkinga (ubumpumputhe).

Izimbangela ezihlobene nokukhula ukonakala macular

Njengazo zonke izinqubo esiwohlozayo, lesi sifo ivame ukuba ekusakazeni kancane futhi okuqhubekayo. Izimbangela izinguquko esiwohlozayo ku macula retina zingase zihluke. The main wabo involution we ijwabu. Noma kunjalo, abanye abantu bangase babe izinguquko esiwohlozayo zenzeka ngokushesha kakhudlwana, kuyilapho abanye - kancane. Ngakho-ke, kukholelwa ukuthi ezihlobene nokukhula ukonakala macular luthathwe (zofuzo), futhi luvame abantu Lokudabuka European. Ukuze kwenziwe isibaluli nezinye engcupheni: ukubhema, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukuchayeka njalo ilanga. Kule sikwazi ukuhlonza izimbangela ukonakala macular. Lezi zihlanganisa:

1. izilonda Umhlinzi. Enye yezinto ingozi atherosclerosis kubhekwa kwemithambo emincane. Ukwephula i-oksijini kwezidingo izicubu iso ingenye izindlela eyinhloko ukonakala.
2. Ukhuluphele.
3. Ukungabi amavithamini namaminerali ezithile. Phakathi izinto ezidingekayo ukuze silondoloze kwezicubu ngwengwzi bungabonakala: lutein futhi zeaxanthin.
4. Inani elikhulu "radicals khulula". Bona kwandisa ingozi yokungenwa isitho ukonakala ezikhathini eziningana.
5. izici Nobuzwe. Lesi sifo sivame uma ngaphezulu abantu ukukhanya wamehlo. Iqiniso lokuthi kwabaMhlophe sombala ukuminyana eziqukethwe kuyi-retina, uphansi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izinqubo esiwohlozayo ukuthuthukisa ngokushesha, kanye nezimpawu.
6. Ukudla esingalungile.
7. Ukuba elangeni eliza ngqo ngaphandle izibuko zokuzivikela.

I zokugula kwenzeka kaningi kubantu nge anamnesis lezinceku abadliwa (khona lesi sifo kubazali babo, ogogo nomkhulu). Ezimweni eziningi lesi sifo sitholakale umuntu sabantu besifazane.

ezihlobene ubudala ukonakala macular: the pathophysiology yenqubo

Njengazo zonke izinguquko esiwohlozayo, lesi sifo has a indlela eyinkimbinkimbi yama ukuthuthukiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, pathogenesis izinqubo esiwohlozayo lisehluleka ukuhlola ngokugcwele. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngaphansi kwethonya izici ezingezinhle kwezicubu macular asitholayo kokulimala. Ngokuvamile lo zokugula ucala kutfutfukisa kubantu abanegciwane isifo senhliziyo (isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, isifo sikashukela) kanye nokukhuluphala ngokweqile. Futhi, lesi sifo cishe njalo atholakala phakathi kwabantu ukubhema. Ngenxa ukuvaleka semithambo embhedeni nokungondleki iso izicubu ekuthuthukiseni ezihlobene nokukhula ukonakala macular. I pathogenesis lesi sifo kusekelwe ukuhlukumeza esele redox. Iqhaza main kule nqubo udlalwa by radicals khulula. Lezi izinto akhiwa kule macula ngenxa yezizathu eziningana. Okokuqala, ku macular Njalo sibhekana umoya-mpilo futhi ukukhanya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kule ndawo lapho yinhlanganisela-fatty acid, yona evame ukuqonda isici oxidize. Esinye isici esibangela pathogenesis yesifo ubhekwa umsuka retina. Phela, lokhu iso kuthathwa njengesibikezelo esiyiso neuropathy imvilophi analyzer futhi ngokuqondile ezixhumene nobuchopho. Ngakho-ke, okubaluleke kakhulu nokuzwelana "umoya-mpilo yokulamba".

Zonke lezi zici kubenza bavame yokuthi izicubu we macula kancane kancane thins. Ngenxa ezizivelelayo cell ulwelwesi ubhujiswe. I-retina iba nozwela ukukhanya. Ngaphansi kwethonya AMD emisebeni ultraviolet futhi infrared okhula ngokushesha ngisho. Zonke lezi zinqubo kuholele iqiniso lokuthi epithelium we macula uqala "ulahlekelwe" sombala receptor asitholayo yoma. Uma isikhathi akagcini lapho kubhujiswa lesi lamabutho macula izicubu kwenzeka. Isinyathelo sokugcina ukubukeka nezibazi futhi ubumpumputhe ukuthuthukiswa.

ukonakala Ubudala-retina

3 izinhlobo isehlane ka ukonakala macular. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kusekelwe izinguquko morphological okwenzeka izicubu ngwengwzi. ukwahlukana okunjalo kuyadingeka ukuze sithole amacebo ukwelapha lesi sifo.

izinhlobo morphological isifo:

1. ezihlobene ubudala ukonakala macular - ifomu ezimanzi: libhekene khona exudate. Lolu khetho lengatfolakali 20% amacala. It libhekene Yiqiniso ngokushesha ezithuthukayo. Uma ukungaboni komuntu eziwohlokayo ngokushesha (ezinsukwini ezimbalwa), kufanele usole ukuthi isifo, ezifana ezihlobene nokukhula ukonakala macular. Ifomu ezimanzi eba neovaskulyazatsii ngenxa, okusho ukubukeka inqwaba imikhumbi e-retina. Uma ucabangela umonakalo e cell ulwelwesi, permeability yabo iyakhula. Ngenxa yalokho, it is asathuthuka edema kanye ukopha.
2. ezihlobene ubudala ukonakala macular - ifomu ezomile: libhekene ukugeleza kancane. Ngenye indlela, lolu hlobo zokugula libizwa yoma. Dry ezihlobene nokukhula ukonakala macular kwenzeka e-90% eziguli. Uma kubhekwa drusen imakwe - ukukhanya yoma izilonda, ukwehluleka sombala ungqimba, ukukhubazeka ku epithelium.
3. ifomu Izibazi ka ukonakala macular. Kuthathwa esigabeni sokugcina AMD. Libhekene epithelium lamabutho kanye kumiswa ezicutshini (isibanda). Kulokhu kwakukhona ukulahlekelwa okuphelele umbono.

Kwezinye izimo, ifomu ezomile Ukuqedwa kwe-AMD ingena version pleural lesi sifo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokuvamile kakhulu izilonda semithambo, futhi ikakhulukazi - retinopathy sikashukela. Izinguquko ezinjalo, ngakho kubonisa Oqala ukungezwa aze agcine isibikezelo futhi isibonakaliso izinyathelo eziphuthumayo.

Izimpawu ezihlobene nokukhula ukonakala macular

Kuye ngendlela AMD, izimpawu zingase zikhula kancane noma ngokushesha. Ngokuvamile isikhathi eside ezihlobene nesikhathi macular ukonakala akuyona okwenza khona layo wazizwa iminyaka eminingi. Ngesimo ezomile AMD, drusen ngwengwzi avele indawo - izigaba yoma. Ngenxa yalokhu umbono kancane kancane liwohloka. Ngokwezinga elikhulu ehlupheka sombala ungqimba, ngenxa okuyinto ukukhanya imibala kancane elahlekile. Visual acuity Ngaleyo ndlela, kungaba washintsha, kodwa kancane kuphela. Ifomu emanzi ukonakala macular ethuthuka ngokushesha. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje, umbono kungenzeka zimbi nakakhulu kakhulu, ngisho nobumpumputhe. Ngenxa ukuvuvukala futhi sandise permeability ulwelwesi of ukopha singenzeka okuyizinto lubonakale ngokubona okubonakala ngeso lenyama. Izimpawu ebonwe AMD:

1. Shintsha ukukhanya yesithombe.
2. Nciphisa e acuity ezibukwayo.
3. Warp, ukuhlanekezela lezinto.
4. isithombe esilufifi.
5. Ukubukeka ezibukwayo ensimini ukulahlekelwa.
6. Ukungakwazi ukufunda naphezu izibuko.

Nge ukuthuthukiswa kancane kancane izimpawu isifo lesi sifo kungenzeka ukuthi ingabi khona isikhathi eside. Khona-ke kukhona ukuwohloka kancane kancane umbono emaphakathi. Lapho ebheka phambili ingxenye kakhulu yesithombe kuba empunga. Nokho, neuropathy (side) umbono ugciniwe. Kancane kancane, endaweni ethintekile luyanda.

Ngesimo emanzi AMD ubumpumputhe isibanda uyeza masinyane. Ngokungafani ezomile-uhlobo ukonakala, umbono neuropathy kuyaqabukela uyaphumelela babanjiwe. Nge ukwelashwa esifike ngesikhathi kwe-AMD, ukuthuthukiswa ubumpumputhe kungenziwa kumisiwe.

Ukuxilongwa ukonakala ezihlobene nokukhula kwe-retina

ezihlobene ubudala ukonakala macular kungenziwa kutholakala kusaqalwa. Ngakho-ke, abantu abaphethwe izilonda semithambo, kumele uphenywa kudokotela wezifo zamehlo 1-2 izikhathi ngonyaka. AMD uphethwe esekelwe umlando inhlolovo ekhethekile. Abantu abadala bavamile ukukhononda ngezimo ukubonakala "amabala" phambi kwamehlo, kepha efaniswe inkungu. Sifo "ukonakala macular" ngokuvamile ukubeka ngesikhathi Ukuwohloka abesifazane, ikakhulukazi uma umlando abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi. Ngaphezu inhlolovo, eyenziwa uchungechunge yokuhlolwa amehlo. Phakathi kwabo - nesilinganiso acuity ezibukwayo, perimetry, biomicroscopy stereoscopic.

Ukuze ukuhlola isimo izitsha Kwenziwa fluorescein angiography fundus. Ngalesi cwaningo, kungenzeka ukuthola zone ebuthweni epithelium yoma drusen, neovascularization. Nokho, le ndlela yokukhuluma ukuhlola wezinsimbi has Izimo nezingozi. Ngakho ngaphambili kokuthi unqume ku luhlolo kufanele uvakashele kudokotela wezifo zamehlo futhi uthole iseluleko sakhe.

Indlela esiphatha ngayo efomini ezomile ukonakala macular?

Lapho isiqinisekiso uphethwe ngokushesha kufanele uqale ukusebenzisa imithi ka ezihlobene nokukhula ukonakala macular. Ifomu nesomile sifo kangako ubudlova, ngakho-ke kuba amenable ukuba ukwelashwa. Akusizi ukuqeda lesi sifo yaphelela, kodwa uzoyeka (ukubambezela) inqubo izinyanga ezimbalwa noma iminyaka. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukulandela ukudla e-AMD. Njengoba sazi ukuthi izinqubo atrophic ukuthuthukisa ngenxa yokuntuleka carotenoid futhi occlusion yegazi we fundus, isiguli okwakufanele aziqede ezilwane. Ngokuba nokuvimbela izilonda atherosclerotic e kwemithambo emincane ngwengwzi kufanele nokudla izithelo, amakhambi, imifino. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu Ukudla kuzokusiza isinxephezelo ukuntula amavithamini namaminerali.

Ukubhekana free radicals, kutuswa ukuba bachithe isikhathi esincane elangeni. Futhi, iziguli kufanele kudle Antioxidants. Lezi zihlanganisa vitamin E kanye C. Ukuze kwenziwe ngcono ukuphakelwa igazi fundus Kunconywa ukuba asebenzise amanxusa antiplatelet, vasodilators.

ezihlobene ubudala ukonakala macular - ifomu ezimanzi: ukwelapha izifo

Lapho ifomu emanzi ukonakala macular Kwenziwa yini ukwelashwa yezokwelapha kuphela, kodwa ukuhlinzwa. Ukuze izidakamizwa, ukunciphisa ungqimba sombala retina zihlanganisa "lutein" imithi futhi "Zeaxanthin". Le mithi basonta iqembu Antioxidants. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kutuswa ukuba badle ukudla okune-zinc. Uma lesi sifo isungule ngenxa retinopathy sikashukela, kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondisa yokwelapha hypoglycemic iphrofayela glycemic.

ukuphathwa Steel ka ukonakala ngwengwzi

Omunye imithi akwanele, uma isiguli sekutholakele ukuthi sine- "ezihlobene nokukhula ukonakala macular." ukuphathwa isifo kufanele kuhlanganiswe ukulungiswa kuhlinzwa. Ikakhulukazi kumayelana ifomu ezimanzi Ukuqedwa kwe-AMD. Okwamanje, cishe njalo emtholampilo amehlo labetibambile ukwelashwa laser we ukonakala macular. Kungenzeka ezahlukene. Kukhethwa indlela kuncike esigabeni futhi zokubonisa AMD egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo. Kukhona izindlela ezilandelayo ukulungiswa kuhlinzwa:

1. Laser photocoagulation of ulwelwesi neovascular.
2. "Vizudin" Ukwelapha photodynamic izidakamizwa.
3. Transpupillary laser termokorrektsiya.

Uma kungenzeka futhi azikho Izimo, usebenze sombala epithelium ukufakelwa kwezitho vitrectomy (ukopha emzimbeni Vitreous esweni).

Ukuvimbela ukonakala ezihlobene nokukhula kwe-retina

Izinyathelo zihlanganisa: Ukudla, kwesisindo. izilonda Umhlinzi Kunconywa ukubhema lokuphela. Futhi gwema elangeni abantu kokuba kube umbala okhanyayo iso. Ngaphezu zokuvimbela libhekisela nokusetshenziswa kwamavithamini kanye ukulandelela izakhi yokuqinisa.