Umbono wendlela yokuhamba

Isihloko sanamuhla sizozinikela embonweni nasemisebenzini yakhe. Sizobona ukuthi i-apparatus ebonakalayo isebenza kanjani, yimuphi umbono wendawo kanye nokuthi yikuphi ukubuka okufinyeleleka emzimbeni womuntu.

Omunye wemisebenzi yezinsiza ezibukwayo yimbono yombono. Izingxenye zokubheja ze- retina zibophezele . Isikhombisi esiyinhloko sokukhiqiza kwayo yindlela yokubuka komuntu. Kuhlanganisa leyo ngxenye yesikhala lapho umbono womuntu uhlanganisa khona ngenkathi ulungisa umbono oqondile wento. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wombono we-peripheral yi-orientation emkhathini.

Inkambu yombhalo wokubuka unamagugu aqondile anqunywe umngcele we-retina. Iso lithinta umbala omhlophe ngaphakathi kwemingcele elandelayo: ingaphandle i-90º, ingaphandle i-70º, ingaphakathi ngaphakathi kwe-55º, ngaphakathi kwangama-55º, ngaphakathi kwe-50º, ngezansi kwe-65º, phansi kwe-90º. "Ukungena" kwezingxenye zawo ngabanye kubizwa ngokuthi izinkomo. Endaweni yomkhakha wesikhashana wombono kukhona i-scotoma yezinto eziphilayo - okuthiwa yi-"spot blind". Imvelo kuba khona kwe-angioscic - i-ribbon-like "fallout" emkhakheni wombono, ohlotshaniswa nokuba khona kwezikebhe ezinkulu ezivulekile ezivala amaseli we-photoreceptor. Ubukhona babo bubuhlungu kancane kancane umbono wesiphambano Futhi kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile.

Ama-scotomas aphelele, ane "ukuwa" okuphelele kwesayithi, futhi isihlobo - nokukhubazeka okubonakalayo komsebenzi wokubukwa ngesikhathi sokuhlola. Futhi, lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zihlukaniswe ama-scotomas amahle futhi angalungile. Okuhle kungatholakala ngokuzimela: kubonakala njengamabala amnyama emkhakheni wombono, obonisa umonakalo we-retina. Ama-scotomas angalungile awahambisani nokubona okuzimele futhi avele ngenxa yokulimala emigwaqweni yokuqhuba. Zivame ukutholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Kukhona futhi ama- scotoma ama-ciliary. Njengomthetho, ukubukeka kwabo akulaleli noma iyiphi uhlelo futhi kuvele ngokuzenzakalelayo. Uma isiguli esinamehlo avaliwe sibheka imigqa enemibala egqagqagqagqagu ehamba ngaphesheya kombono wendawo, inezikhala ze-cerebral vessels. Ukumisa le nqubo futhi uthuthukise isimo, odokotela batusa ngokushesha ukuthatha ama-antispasmodics.

Indawo ye-scotoma ingahlukaniswa kanje:

• I-Peripheral;
• I-Paracentral;
• Amaphakathi.

Okulandelayo, sinikeza uhlu lwezinkinga ngombono, okwenza kube khona ukuwohloka kombono wokubona okubonakalayo.

Ukunciphisa insimu yokubuka kuzo zonke izinhlangothi kuya ezigidini ezingu-5 kuya kwezingu-10 kungumphumela wokulimala kwamantombazane nokudonswa komzimba wokubuyisa. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi ukugxila okugxile kwendawo yokubuka. Njengomthetho, esimweni esinjalo umuntu usazobona futhi angakwazi nokufunda, kodwa ikhono lokuzimela ngokuzenzekelayo emkhathini linyamalalala ngokuphelele futhi umbono wokubukwa uyawohloka kakhulu.

Uma kwenzeka isiguli sesilahlekelwe umbono wokulinganisa, kubalulekile ukuxhumana nochwepheshe ngokuhlolwa okuphelele. Izimpawu ezinjalo zivame ukukhombisa ukuthi kukhona izigulane zesiguli, ukulimaza nezinye izifo ezimbi. Ezigaba zokuqala zezicubu nokuvuvukala, ingxenye kuphela yombono ingase ilahleke, okungukuthi, cishe ingxenye eyodwa yesine yomkhakha wombono uyanyamalala. Nge-pathologies ye-retinal, umbono unganyamalala ezindaweni ezahlukene. Isibonelo, nge-glaucoma, umkhakha wombono ovela ekhaleni unciphisa.

Ukuhlaziya isimo semikhawulo yomkhakha wombono, onguchwepheshe onolwazi anganquma ukutholakala kwesilonda eminyangweni ehlukahlukene yezindlela ezibukwayo, kanye nesilinganiso se-lesion esivuthayo, isiteji se-glaucoma kanye neminye imingcele.