Oscar-ngokuwina amafilimu: uhlu okungcono

cinema emhlabeni salo nyaka sithi igubha iminyaka engu - 120. Ngo-February 1895, abaqambi amabili French - Auguste futhi Lui Lyumer - wadala kudivayisi elikuvumela ukuba ukudubula ifilimu, bese bebonisa esikrinini izinto ezihambayo.

Umlando omncane

Ngakho kwaba khona-movie - a global, uqeda art eyashintsha ukuphila kwezigidi zabantu. Njengoba nje kokusungulwa abazalwane Lumiére sase singcono, futhi ithuba lokwenza amabhayisikobho yaqala ukubonakala kulo lonke studio. Impumelelo ibhizinisi zokudala united futhi ngaleyo ndlela kwaba khona "Hollywood" - embonini iphupho, njalo esikhiqiza amafilimu yonke ukunambitheka.

Ekuqaleni, ukukhiqizwa kwanoma amafilimu iye igxile umphakathi enesizotha kakhulu abavakashele emadokodweni nakwezinye izindawo ezifanayo zokuzijabulisa. Ngokuhamba babe funny amahlaya, kusala lutho, kodwa bathandile abantu. Khona laqala ukusetshenziswa amafilimu nge icebo okukhulu, okuyinto ngokushesha kwakuqala ukwanda futhi ngek ukuqashelwa ezigidi moviegoers.

imivuzo nokuguqulwa

With ukuthuthukiswa cinema, amafilimu izigcawu base beba ezijulile futhi kube nenjongo ngokwengeziwe. The movie yimpumelelo kakhulu, lokuqoqa nezithameli elikhulu ngaphumelela kwezohwebo, iye kuhalaliselwe imiklomelo kanye nemiklomelo. Nokho, le nqubo kwaba nokuguqulwa, uhlelo ukukhuthazwa sisonke wayengekho.

Ukuvela "Oscar"

Kuphela 1929 MGM movie studio ikhanda ( "MGM") Luis Mayer idale okwakuvela ohlotsheni olukhethekile lwenkanyezi umklomelo ifilimu, okuyinto waziwa ngokuthi "Oscar". Umehluko phakathi kwale umklomelo kusukela ezinye izinhlobo ukukhuthazwa kwaba ukuthi yena yanikezelwa ezigabeni eziningana: "Kuhle Film", "indima Kuhle (esilisa esifazane)", "Kuhle Webhayisikobho", "Umculo", "owaba" futhi eziningi izikhundla ezahlukene, owayefanelwe indondo.

Okokuqala, lokhu "Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo" spooked "Oscar" abakhiqizi Hollywood, ezaba nomuzwa wokuthi akufanele uyobavuza bonke abadali ifilimu sikhona yonke indawo, kodwa Mayer wakwazi ukufakazela ukuthi indlela ngokwanele azinabo "Oscar" umklomelo bangaba umklomelo athandwayo iwukuba bonke abenzi mafilimu, okusho ukuthi ilungu iphrojekthi ifilimu ngamunye izozama uthole ukuthuthukiswa futhi zisebenze kanzima. Nakhu okwenzeka: "U-Oscar" yiphupho kuzo zonke abenzi mafilimu futhi namuhla umklomelo eyinhloko amazinga aphakeme e-art cinema.

Umlando cinema, esikhathini kusukela ngo-1929 kuze kube manje, imiklomelo zokuhlonipha kwanikezelwa abangaphezu kwekhulu imidwebo. 100 amafilimu Oscar-ngokuwina esikhathini seminyaka engu-90 ukukhiqizwa asebenzayo films - umphumela umxhwele.

Le miklomelo lokuqala

Eyokuqala "Oscar" waklonyeliswa abadali movie "Wings", udutshulwe umqondisi uWilliam Uellmenom ngo-1927. Isithombe iwine eziqoshiwe ezimbili: esigabeni "Kuhle Film" futhi "Kuhle Izinguquko ezibalulekile".

Eyesibili ezinyakazayo ukucinga indikimba yendaba, lithole "Oscar", ngokuthi "Broadway Melody" sidalwe umqondisi Harry Beaumont ngo-1929 e-studio "Metro Godwin Mayer". Iziphakamiso ayemathathu: "Kuhle Film", "Umqondisi Kuhle" futhi "Umlingisikazi Kuhle". "U-Oscar" waklonyeliswa eyodwa - esigabeni sokuqala.

amafilimu eqaphelekayo

Khona-ke, kunako unikelwa ifilimu cinema:

• "Cimarron" (1931) - ngowokuqala entshonalanga, wathola "Oscar". Ubude ezinyakazayo isithombe izindondo ezintathu phezulu, kodwa lokhu akuzange kuvimbele wakhe ukuba afiphale ehhovisi ibhokisi.
• "Grand Hotel" (1932) - iqondiswa Edmund Goulding, nge Greta Garbo in the indima abaholayo. Le filimu wathola "Oscar" Isigaba "Kuhle Film".
• Le filimu "ebihambisa" (1933) kuqondiswe yi Frank Lloyd. Isithombe izindondo ezintathu "Oscar", "Kuhle Film Yonyaka", "Umqondisi Kuhle" futhi "Umlingisikazi Kuhle". Statuette e ukuqokwa lokugcina waya actress Diana Uinyard. Waba winner lokuqala umklomelo ehlonishwayo.
• Ngo-1936, esinye isithombe sisusiwe, okuyinto engena uhlu "Oscar-ngokuwina ifilimu". igama Ezazimzungezile - "Bona Mutiny phezu Bounty." Kuqondiswe ngu Frank Lloyd wachitha nesigaba engakaze ibonwe ngesikhathi inani $ 2 million, kodwa impumelelo commercial lidlule wonke amathemba, futhi ehhovisi ibhokisi yeshashalazi kwengce kakhulu lizinga izindleko. Le filimu "Mutiny phezu Bounty" emahlangothini esigabeni "Kuhle Film", okuyinto yethulwa endaweni onesizotha emcimbini umkhiqizi Irving Thalberg.
• Futhi ngo-1936, izikrini ukuthi biopic "Omkhulu Ziegfeld" umqondisa Robert uLeonard. Le filimu liyakhuluma ngokuphela umqondisi ngempumelelo Broadway nomculo Florence Ziegfeld. Le filimu wathola "Oscars" amathathu: elinye waya studio "MGM", owesibili - actress Luise Rainer ngoba Kuhle Umlingisikazi, kanti eyesithathu waklonyeliswa ngokuba nobuciko bokusina.
• Uma ucabangela ifilimu Oscar-ngokuwina, ingasaphathwa wezithombe ezinyakazayo kuqondiswe yi Uilyama Diterle "Life Emilya Zolya", wathwebula 1937. Isithombe waletha Abadali "Oscar" ezintathu: ngoba "Kuhle Film", "Umlingisi", "Kuhle Webhayisikobho".
• 1938 waba unyaka ekuveleni cinema izikrini ifilimu "awukwazi ukuthatha nawe", udutshulwe umqondisi Frenkom Kapra. Le filimu wathola "Oscars" ezimbili: esigabeni "Kuhle Film" futhi "Umqondisi Kuhle".
• Oscar-ngokuwina ifilimu, okuyinto uhlu ngo-1941, wanezela ifilimu okukhulu ku "Rebecca", zihlukaniswa ezihlukahlukene enkulu ngesakhiwo. Lesi sikhathi lesi sithombe wathwebula by umqondisi Alfred Hitchcock - master of uhlobo umphenyi kanye nomqondisi owaziwayo eshaqisayo amafilimu. Le ifilimu is okwethulwa izigaba 11, kodwa wathola kuphela "Oscar" ezimbili: ". Emsebenzini Okuhamba phambili kwe-opharetha" ngoba "Kuhle Film" futhi

movie aphezulu

Ohlwini ngokukhethekile Oscar-ngokuwina amafilimu kakhulu eziye wathola Izithombe ezinhlanu noma ngaphezulu ehlonishwayo. Iziphakamiso ngesikhathi kungaba nabantu abangaphezu.

• "It Okwenzekile One Night" - ngakho isithombe kusuka esigabeni "Oscar-ngokuwina ifilimu" nge Clark Gable futhi Klodett Kolber ku izindima phambili. Uhlayo lwezithandani iqondiswa Frenkom Kapra ngo-1934. I-movie kungabuye ashiwo esigabeni "Okuhle kunakho ifilimu Oscar-ngokuwina" ngoba wayengumuntu ngokugcwele imiklomelo emihlanu "Oscar". statuette Liyaziswa waklonyeliswa esigabeni "Kuhle Film", "iskripthi", "Ukuqondisa", "indima yabesifazane", "Umlingisi".
• Emkhakheni we "Oscar-ngokuwina ifilimu", okuyinto ngempela kube nohlu olubanzi, futhi kuhlanganisa wezithombe ezinyakazayo ngo-1940 ngaphansi kwegama "Gone ne-Wind" nge Viven Li futhi Clark Gable ku izindima phambili. Le filimu wayeqondiswa Viktorom Flemingom. Ngenxa yalesi wobuciko cinema kufanele kube ukudala esinye isigaba - "Oscar-ngokuwina ifilimu of sonke isikhathi", ngakho-ke iyathandwa futhi kuphumelele. amacala engenamali $ 200 million futhi yedlule tindleko tekukhicita isithombe izikhathi, anamanci mahlanu. Le filimu wathola "Oscars" eziyisishiyagalombili ezigabeni ezehlukene.
• Le filimu "Ben kaHure", iqondiswe uWilliam Wyler ngo-1959 e-studio "MGM" eqoqwe kwezigidi ezingu-164 zamaRandi ehhovisi ibhokisi futhi izindondo nanye "Oscar" ukuphakanyiswa kwamagama ehlukene.
• "The Sound of Music" - ifilimu wadala ngo-1965, iqondiswe nguRobert Hlakaniphile studio, "20th Century Fox". Kudlala - Dzhuliya Endryus futhi Kristofer Plammer. Le filimu wathola imiklomelo emihlanu "Oscar" Isigaba "Kuhle Film", "Umqondisi Kuhle", "Umculo" "Kuhle Sound".
• ifilimu zomlando "Gladiator" umqondisi Ridli Skotta eqoshiwe imiklomelo emihlanu "Oscar". Le filimu uqokelwe 12 izikhundla, iphrimiyamu sitholwa kwamagama alandelayo: "Kuhle Film", "Umlingisi Kuhle", "Effects Visual", "Soundtrack", "Kuhle zokugqoka Design".

• "Hamlet" - isithombe ezinyakazayo, wadala ngo-1948, esekelwe inhlekelele ka-William Shakespeare, Starring - Lourens Olive futhi Dzhin Simmons. Isithombe iwine ezigabeni ezinhlanu: "Kuhle Film", "Umlingisikazi", "Kuhle actor", "Umlingisi", "Kuhle zokugqoka Design".
• Le filimu, enesihloko esithi "Forrest Gump", wathwebula 1994, iqondiswe nguRobert Zemeckis - indaba ethinta inhliziyo melodramatic ezithandwa. Abalingisi - Tom Hanks futhi Robin Rayt. Le filimu wathola imiklomelo eziyisithupha "Oscar".
• "AmaNgisi Iziguli" - idrama, wathwebula 1996, iqondiswe Anthony Minghella. Le filimu uqokelwe 12 imiklomelo "Oscar", wathola imiklomelo ayisishiyagalolunye. Umqondisi ukholelwa ukuthi "Oscars" 9 - umvuzo esasiwafanele iqembu lakhe.
• Le filimu onesihloko esithi "Omunye UFlew Over Nest the Cuckoo sika ', okuyinto umuzwa futhi namanje kubhekwa umcimbi eyinhloko ebhayisikobho American, sidalwe umqondisi Milos Forman ngo-1959. Uhlamvu main eyadlalwa Jack UNicholson isiguli emtholampilo zengqondo. Le filimu izindondo ezinhlanu "Oscar".
• Le filimu "Titanic" - omunye enkulu esigabeni "Kuhle Oscar-ngokuwina ifilimu". It sidalwe umqondisi uJames Cameron iyiphi i-akhawunti ezingaphezu kweyodwa emikhulu ifilimu phrojekthi. Kudlala - Keyt Uinslet futhi uLeonardo DiCaprio. Le filimu izindondo nanye "Oscar", ukuqokwa kwakhe inqwaba futhi langena phezulu amafilimu Oscar-ngokuwina. isithombe impumelelo akuyona okungenani ngenxa isitayela yendabuko Cameron - isifiso sakhe sikala futhi super-nomphumela.

Uhlu movie Oscar-ngokuwina ngonyaka

Zonke yokwenza ibhayisikobho kungaphansi imithetho kwemukelwe zonke studios. Okokuqala, lolu hlobo yinye: abakhiqizi ukuthi endaweni ethile ngakolunye uhlangothi lomhlaba kwaqala iphrojekthi ifilimu, okuyinto kakade ngemisebenzi. It is hhayi kungavunyelwe ngokomthetho, kodwa wonke umuntu uyaqonda ukuthi lokho kukunye nokuthi inkinga efanayo kungase kungabi udumile, ngisho nangokwengeziwe ehhovisi ibhokisi. Ngakho-ke, kukhona ilungiselelo oyimfihlo exchange kolwazi phakathi izitshudiyo zama-movie. Lo mthetho awusebenzi the studios, elise Hollywood, ngoba kukhona zonke engqondweni akukho kweqa, kodwa kwamanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho uthanda ukudubula Westerns nezinye amafilimu e isitayela American, ukubambisana liyadingeka.

Phakathi 1929 no-1951

• "Wings"
• "Broadway Melody"
• "Zonke epholile eku Front Western"
• "Cimarron"
• "Grand Hotel"
• "Ebihambisa"
• "It Okwenzekile One Night"
• "Mutiny phezu Bounty"
• "I-Great Ziegfeld"
• 'Ukuphila Emilya Zolya "
• "Awukwazi ukuthatha nawe"
• "Gone ne-Wind"
• "Rebecca"
• "Njengoba esigodini yami kwaba iluhlaza"
• "Nkosikazi Miniver"
• "Casablanca"
• "Ukuya My Way"
• "The Lost Impelasonto"
• "Iminyaka Okuhamba phambili kwe-Ukuphila Kwethu"
• "Isivumelwano Gentleman sika"
• "Hamlet"
• "Bonke YeNkosi."

Kusukela ngo-1952 kuya ku-1971,

• "All About Eve"
• "An American e-Paris"
• "Bonisa Omkhulu Kunabo Emhlabeni"
• "Kusukela Lapha Eternity"
• "On the Waterfront"
• "Marty"
• "Izinsuku Emhlabeni Wonke e-80"
• "Ibhuloho phezu koMfula iKwai"
• "Gigi"
• "Ben kaHure"
• "Aphathimenti"
• "West Side Story"
• "Lourens Araviysky"
• "Tom Jones"
• "Fair My Lady"
• "The Sound of Music"
• "Indoda for All Seasons"
• "Ukushisa of the Night"
• "Oliver!"
• "Midnight Cowboy"
• "Patton".

Kusukela 1972 kuya ku-1990,

• "The Connection French"
• "The Godfather"
• "The Sting"
• "Omunye UFlew Over Nest the Cuckoo sika"
• "Rocky"
• "Enni Holl"
• "I-Deer Hunter"
• "Kramer vs. Kramer"
• "Abantu Abavamile"
• "Izinqola yoMlilo"
• "Gandhi"
• "Ngocingo amtshele indlela amthanda"
• "Amadeus"
• 'Siphuma Kuzo Afrika "
• "Leli qembu"
• "The Last Emperor"
• "Imvula Man"
• "Ukushayela Miss Daisy."

Kusukela ngo-1991 kuya ku-2014

• "Dances ne Izimpisi"
• "Ukuthula we Amawundlu"
• "Unforgiven"
• "Uhlu Schindler sika"
• "Forrest Gump"
• "Braveheart"
• "AmaNgisi Iziguli"
• "Titanic"
• "Shakespeare Othandweni '
• "Ubuhle American"
• "Gladiator"
• "Idiski engaba eyohlaloningi"
• "Chicago"
• "INkosi Izindandatho"
• "Million Dollar Baby"
• "Collision"
• "I Usuke"
• "Old Zabantu"
• "Slumdog Millionaire"
• "I Hurt Locker"
• "Inkulumo Wenkosi"
• "The Artist"
• "Ukusebenza Argo"
• "Eminyakeni engu-12 lobugqila".

Top movie Oscar-ngokuwina, uhlu okungase enwetshiwe, kuqoshwe ngamagama egolide emlandweni cinema emhlabeni.