Estradiol futhi progesterone: kwezinkambiso ukuhlaziya ngeziphambeko

Kuthiwa ama-hormone kukhona engavamile e izinto eziphila abakhuthele, okuyinto isinyathelo esingase sithinte ngayo isimo kodwa futhi emhlabeni imfihlo umuntu. Nature ayenzile ukuze isidumbu sowesifazane ngokushesha ngemva kokubamba zishukunyiswa hormone ezithile sokukhulelwa - estradiol futhi progesterone, okuyinto hhayi kuphela ukusiza izithelo ukuvela ngokugcwele, kodwa futhi ukuvusa owesifazane umuzwa kamama.

Kungani udinga ukuqapha izinga lama-hormone

Ngokuthi isiphi isigaba sayo elinde izinguquko ingane cardinal zenzeka kulo isidumbu sowesifazane (ngokukhethekile, lokhu kusho ngemuva kwama-hormone). Izinguquko kulo lonke uhlelo endocrine. Sikamama okhulelwe, kabusha ngokuphelele, ayindawo ukuthwala, kanye nokukhula okungokwemvelo ingane kusukela esigabeni sokuqala sokukhulelwa iqala ukulungiselela sokubelethisa.

Kasibili zonke izinkomba somzimba kwama-hormone ngesikhathi omama esizayo zidlala indima ebalulekile - kukhona yezinto eziyinhloko ezibangela i kumiswa efanele umbungu. Futhi kule ndaba, progesterone futhi estradiol ngempela kulawulwa udokotela wezifo zabesifazane novivinyo ezengeziwe owesifazane liyadingeka kudlule okungenani kabili ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: senyanga 1st (amasonto 10-12) futhi senyanga 2nd (amasonto 16-18).

Ama-hormone yokukhulelwa

luhlolo kwama-hormone compulsorily aqukethe ukuhlolwa sekusebentisa estradiol futhi progesterone. Ukufunda ngezinto ezinjalo kufanele kwenziwe kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi ungabeki off Ukuvakashela udokotela wakho, ngubani uyoqondisa yokubuyiswa lezi cwaningo. Vele yizo ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ingane, sandla ukukhulelwa okunempilo. Futhi yingakho amahomoni ezinkulu okuthiwa sokukhulelwa.

estradiol

Kuyinto hormone kwesimiso sokuzala, okuyinto has a ukuhlobana ngqo ukwakheka zesifazane yesibili ubulili izici. Estradiol futhi progesterone "ukuqapha" umsebenzi wonke uhlelo zokuzala. Ngo iziyaluyalu umzimba female ukukhiqiza estradiol yokuzala egcwele cishe kungenakwenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le hormone eyenza umsebenzi enkulu ekwakhiweni engokwemvelo izingxenye ingane ngokocansi ngesikhathi ukuthomba esiteji.

Estradiol ikhiqizwa ngokuvamile ezikhiqiza amaqanda kanye nezindlala adrenal endaweni ezincane ivolumu ungqimba. Phakathi nenkathi yokukhulelwa, saturation kwale hormone kakhulu anda ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo bokuphila. lokuhlala ngokwamukelekayo estradiol ku follicular isigaba ushintsho kusuka 97,5 kuya 592 Mol / l, ku luteal - kusuka 120 kuya 738 Mol / l, ngesikhathi menopause sehliselwe 14.9 Mol / L. Esikhathini estradiol besilisa progesterone futhi wathola, kodwa izinto eziningi ezincane.

estradiol Okukhulu ezitholakele ezifana isifo uthi njengoba:

• izinhlumba follicular wesibeletho;
• estrogensekretiruyuschie futhi granulosa izimila;
• izimila ukuthi secrete hormone sokukhulelwa (human chorionic gonadotropin) ;
• isifo sokusha;
• ukukhuluphala;
• Gynecomastia (owesilisa).

Kunciphisa saturation estradiol nge hypogonadism (kwabesilisa) wanoma iyiphi genesis. Kanye progesterone, e ukuhlolwa igazi ukuhlonza le hormone kufanele sigcwaliswe ngendlela ngokuqinile udokotela usuku.

progesterone

Kunenkolelo-hormone okuthiwa i steroid ezivezwa ezikhiqiza amaqanda abesifazane, ukuze omncane kakhulu ngezinga adrenal ungqimba futhi ngesikhathi isinyathelo sokukhulelwa - placenta. Yiqiniso, ushintsho yemvelo futhi imisebenzi umzimba female bayakhishwa ngaphandle progesterone. Injongo eyinhloko ye-hormone ukuze ulungise umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini futhi eqinisekisa sokukhulelwa yimpumelelo. Ngegazi progesterone futhi estradiol Idinga ukuba ngokucacile ngosuku ke imiselwe wezifo zabesifazane.

Kuye esigabeni se-umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini, progesterone lokuhlushwa emzimbeni insikazi ingase ibe:

• e follicular - kusuka 0.4 kuya 5.4 nmol / l;
• ku luteal - kusuka 3.3 kuya ku-71.3 nmol / l;
• phambi nge-ovulation - kusuka 1.23 kuya 18,7 nmol / l;
• ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa lokuqala (amasonto 4-12) - kusukela 35.6 kuya 136 nmol / l.

Ngaphezu kokuthola insikazi, "ezithakazelisayo" isikhundla, saturation progesterone kungase kwandise nezifo ezifana:

• isimila adrenal;
• sokukhulelwa izinyo lomhlathi;
• horionepitelioma kwesibeletho;
• azalwa naso Hyperplasia adrenal.

Ukwehlisa amazinga progesterone atholakala ngogogo kungaba kwesisu. Ngisho nalapho endocrinopathy (ukushoda esigabeni luteal) kanye galactorrhea syndrome, amenorrhea. Kokubili lokuqala futhi esimweni sesibili kakhulu kwehlisa progesterone, estradiol.

testosterone

Lena ngokuyinhloko hormone wesilisa (androgen) obhekene kumiswa izici ngokobulili zamabanga wenzalo wesilisa nokwakha imisebenzi. Testosterone igcina spermatogenesis, kuthinta ukuthuthukiswa muscle and bone ukukhula, kuvusa erythropoiesis. okuhlushwa Yemvelo kwale hormone ku wesilisa ungaphakathi uhla kusuka 11 kuya 33,5 nmol / l. Kwabesifazane testosterone has a umthamo ezincane kakhulu - kusuka 0.2 2.7 nmol / L.

okuqukethwe Okukhulu hormone enjalo emzimbeni kungase kuxhomeke pathologies ezilandelayo:

• testosteronprodutsiruyuschih neoplasms wamasende;
• kortitsizma endogenous;
• yesibili adrenal dysplasia ungqimba.

testosterone Ukwandiswa ukugcwaliswa (uma hhayi acabangele progesterone kwama-hormone estradiol) emzimbeni owesifazane ngokuvamile nasemkhakheni virilizing izimila wesibeletho kanye polycystic.

okuhlushwa encishisiwe kwale hormone uyakwazi, uma:

• yokwehluleka kwesibindi ukusebenza;
• cryptorchidism;
• Down Syndrome;
• sokuqala bese uphinda hypogonadism;
• uremia.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ukwethulwa testosterone ezingezona ezemvelo emzimbeni ezingapheli zingayilimaza isimo abasebenza lowesilisa uhlelo zokuzala.

Imiphumela ukwehluleka hormone

Ukwehlisa inani lama-hormone zokuzala emzimbeni kwabesifazane nabesilisa asithinti nje kuphela ukusebenza abantwana, kodwa futhi ukubonakala. Runningaway testosterone ngokweqile emzimbeni womuntu wesifazane kuholela ngokweqile izinwele ukukhula ezindaweni maloharakternyh yena kumiswa induna.

Ukwandisa lokuhlala hormone female ku wesilisa kuholela ekwakhekeni yesibili ubulili izici zesifazane: isibonelo ukuvuvukala webele (gynaecomastia). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-hormone izizathu odokotela usabona njengoba isici eyinhloko iziyaluyalu ubulili.

Yini amazinga kungaba kusukela i-hormone

Ukuze umzimba female evamile ngokwemvelo ukukhiqiza prolactin, progesterone, estradiol ngokwanele. Futhi lapho sikhuluma le hormone estradiol, ngesilinganiso owesifazane kufanele kube:

• esigabeni follicular, - 57 kuya 227 pg / ml;
• e luteinizing - kusuka 77 kuya 226 pg / ml;
• e pre-ovulatory - kusuka 127 kuya 475 pg / ml.

Omdala wesifazane, estradiol kancane unikeze abanye imiphumela yokuhlolwa. Uma ukhololo ukulingana menopause, i-hormone izinga azalela cishe 19,6-83 pg / ml.

Abesifazane kanye namadoda baye estradiol kwehle kungatholakala uma kukhona izenzakalo ezifana:

1. Ukuvuvukala izitho zangasese.
2. Vegetarianism.
3. Ukubhema.
4. Endocrine iziyaluyalu.
5. Ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza pituitary indlala.
6. amazinga prolactin Eliphakeme.
7. umsebenzi asebenzayo.
8. Ukuthatha imithi (zokuvimbela inzalo ahlukahlukene) ngaphandle kadokotela.

estradiol kukhuphuke

Ngokuvamile, abesifazane isinyathelo izimbangela izimpawu ezifana:

• Alopecia (nezinwele);
• ukucasuka;
• induna;
• ukukhuluphala;
• encishisiwe lokushisa nemilenze;
• ngokweqile ukukhathala;
• ukuvuvukala;
• ukuqwasha;
• ukushayisana ipheshana wokugaya ukudla;
• ngenyanga edlulayo;
• ubuhlungu webele.

progesterone ephakeme kanye estradiol kwabesifazane ngesikhathi luhlolo zingase zibe Indlela yokwenza ama-hormone lakhulisiwe, izimila ebulalayo usaqala kumiswa i-endometriosis wesibeletho.

estradiol ongaphakeme

Uma sisheshe satholakala azalela uma ukopha ingekho phakathi kwezinyanga 6, webele kanye kwesibeletho ziyancipha futhi isikhumba dryish. Conception ngeke kwenzeke lesi simo. Estradiol futhi progesterone kungabuye behliswa kusaqalwa yokukhulelwa.

progesterone kwezinkambiso

hormone okunjalo obhekene esihle sokukhulelwa ngokuvamile kufanele ibe esigabeni follicular 0,2-3,07 ng / ml ku luteal - 0,32-20,6 ng / ml. Phakathi isikhundla "ezithakazelisayo" ka ezingeni progesterone kowesifazane kunqunywa senyanga. Ngokuvamile, engxenyeni yezinyanga ezintathu i-hormone lokuqala zokhahlamba kusuka 19-53 ng / ml lesibili - 24-81,2 ng / ml, kanti eyesithathu - 62-3135 ng / ml. izici kungenzeka e nesanda progesterone kungenzeka neoplasm wesibeletho, ngifundise ngesifo sikashukela, futhi Corpus luteum simila. A wehlele engenza ngokwayo uyaziqaphela nenzalo.

progesterone okuphansi (futhi estradiol kanye) ubizwa ngokuthi esingamahlalakhona luteal futhi kwenza sangakwazi ukuthola ukhulelwe, futhi ikakhulukazi izithelo. Enye inkomba we bebancane luteal kubhekwa emfushane menstrual cycle. Ngezinye ukugcwaliswa ongaphakeme ku progesterone igazi avele emizweni ezingemnandi e izifuba ngokweqile kwama-hormone wesilisa. Isizathu sesibili angase avuse ukubukeka induna, iyehla iyenyuka wegazi, kanye ukubukeka ibala lesikhumba.

inothi

Zonke izenzo ezenzeka emzimbeni womuntu kuhlobene, futhi ngenxa yalokho kabusha izinga lama-hormone elilodwa noma amabili kuthinta nezinye izinkomba kakhulu. Futhi kuya wezifo zabesifazane wakwazi ukuhlola jikelele hormone zesifazane, kuyadingeka ukwenza zonke izinhlobo zovivinyo-hormone. Futhi kungaba ngcono uma uhambo enjalo kuchwepheshe kuyoba ukuqapha esihleliwe jikelele futhi isimo hormone zempilo yesiguli.

Ngempela, isici esibalulekile noma iyiphi ubulili ngobulungisa kuyinsakavukela yabo. Estradiol, progesterone - kukhona amahomoni ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi banesibopho ukusebenza efanele yonke uhlelo zokuzala.