Emikhukhwini - ngubani ezinjalo?

Labo Ukuqiniseka ngokuthi iqiniso lamazwi "Indlu yami - nenqaba yami", uyoba umangale kakhulu ukufunda ukuthi lokhu akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Khumbula indaba ka-fox nonogwaja, lapho ukukopela ngobuqili izephula wathatha umngane wakhe eqhugwaneni etshekile? Tale amanga, ngakho-ke isu ... izimo ezinjalo, lapho ngemva kokuhamba zendlu yakhe ngenxa kwamahora ambalwa, ukuphuca kuye isikhathi eside, uma kungekhona phakade, ngezinye izikhathi kuyenzeka empilweni yangempela.

Bobani emikhukhwini?

Emikhukhwini - abantu bayobamba izakhiwo zabanye abantu (ngokuvamile ezingenalutho, kodwa ngokuvamile ixazululwe) futhi wababeka ekhaya lakho siqu, zokulala indlu, indawo izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene, njll ...

The main impilo isimiso kwemijondolo: "Kungani pay iqashwe lapho ungathola khona i-lutho." Nokuzikhulula njengoba enzeka isivele eziningi iminyaka, ngisho namakhulu eminyaka, kodwa mass ayeyithole kwekhulu lama-20, waba yi linemibhikisho, ababhikishi, izimpi, izinhlekelele zemvelo kanye nokwanda planethi. nokuzikhulula Onzima kuvamile emazweni lapho izindlu siyimali fabulous, kodwa imithetho angadingi yokujezisa kanzima nokuzikhulula ku indlu noma ifulethi. Lena esihle "zizalela" emikhukhwini emkhathini iye yathuthukiswa, ikakhulukazi e-UK.

Umlando nokuzikhulula

Ezinye izazi-mlando baphikisa ngokuthi emikhukhwini - abantu abazisa uqobo ngekhulu le-14, nangemva kwako ongumlimi e 1381 e-England. Ukuhlala ngenxa ezimpini umuntu abangenamakhaya ethumba angaphandle ingcebo, bahlala khona kuze kube phakade.

Udaba emikhukhwini lokuqala aqhubeka Diggers ekhulwini le-17 (ngezikhathi amaNgisi wobunxiwankulu revolution). Nabo futhi, baba abalimi, kodwa uthathe isinyathelo kuphela ngenxa yezizathu ngemibono yabo, bekholelwa ukuthi izwe angeke ezizimele, kodwa kumelwe kuhlakulelwe futhi ugcwale komasipala. Diggers ngokuthi ideologists ka skovottinga yesimanje, abameleli okuyinto ukuvala ngokunembile lokhu yokuphila.

Lo mkhuba izimbali ebangela eminyakeni engu-60 yekhulu lama-20, lapho abantu ocebile abanamakhamera ingcebo amaningi, baqasha kubo ngoba imali eningi, futhi konke lokhu ngokumelene isizinda i Ukushoda okukhulu kwabantu izindlu. Emizini eNtshonalanga Yurophu ngesikhathi ezingenalutho izakhiwo eziningi zikanokusho, ibutho abangenamakhaya Zaba ziningi.

Ezinye amabutho zezombusazwe ngokuthi ku UK ngisho zivunyelwe nokuzikhulula, ngokuvumela abantu abangenamakhaya hlala okwesikhashana emagcekeni yokuhlala, kodwa lemizamo abaphumelelanga.

Ngokuvamile nokuzikhulula kwadingeka i nature ngemibono kanye nezombusazwe, lapho abaphikisi kohlelo olukhona wadala zindlani ngisho imemezele ukuzimela yabo.

Nokuzikhulula e-UK: umlando

Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, ezivame kakhulu e-UK nokuzikhulula. Ngakho-ke has ngokomlando, kanye nohlaka lomthetho yezwe ilungele labo abafuna ukuthatha yomunye "indlu."

London - omunye imizi eqolo emhlabeni, futhi akubona bonke abakwaziyo ukuthenga indlu kuwo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokwezazi zezenhlalo, kuphela abahlala engxenyeni ephakathi ye-dolobha yaseBrithani, kukhona izindlu ezingenalutho ezingaphezu kuka nesishiyagalombili. Ngo Vestministere emithathu nengxenye yinkulungwane, cishe okufanayo - at Bishop Avenue.

Ngokuqondene lokugcina kulezi zindawo, kungcono into efana eMoscow ruble. Emgwaqweni abayiziqumama kukhona izindlu zikanokusho kunazo, ngokuvamile awunalutho. Ngokuvamile basonta abezizwe abaphakathi uphonse London efulethini lakhe ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela, kanti lokho okuyiqiniso, igumbi Lure muntu iminyaka emikhukhwini. Imizi eminingi ku Bishop Avenue kuthiwa elalihlala bale ukunyakaza. Futhi abanikazi abaningi bayakubona lokhu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungagxambukeli, ngisho ujabule ukuthi impahla yabo othile ukubukela.

Law - ukusiza

Ngakho, liyini-ke mayelana nomthetho waseBrithani okwenza evumela emikhukhwini ukuzizwa yonke indawo ekhaya?

Okokuqala, kusukela eNkathini Ephakathi, lendawo amaphoyisa aqapha Awunalo ilungelo lokuphenya baphule isicabha ukuba singangeni emzini wothile. Futhi ngo-1977, lo mthetho sigqamiswe ngomthetho omusha, owawuthi amaphoyisa ngeke ungene egumbini, uma kuphazamisa lowo kuba.

Okwesibili, eNgilandi naseWales (ngokungafani Scotland nase-Ireland), kuze kube muva nje, le ukuhlala ngokungemthetho lesi sakhiwo njengenkulumo Kulicala, futhi kwaba isihloko komthetho we-civil. Okungukuthi, abangabantwana emikhukhwini akakwazi esabe yesijeziso esikhulu. Futhi manje kuphela, ngemva ochungechungeni lwamacala ephezulu iphrofayli, isimo sesishintshile: I-nokuzikhulula ungathola izinyanga eziyisithupha ebhadla ejele.

Okwesithathu, BEE yezakhiwo LaseSheshi linqume ukuthi ufake both zibhalwe futhi ngomlomo. Ngakho-ke, kunzima kakhulu ukuyiqonda amaphoyisa, bazinza ngokungemthetho abantu egumbini noma isivumelwano nomnikazi.

Awu futhi Okwesine, ngokomthetho IsiZulu ukumkhipha umuntu ezakhiweni kungaba ezinkantolo. Kodwa imithetho ingahlala isikhathi eside, futhi sonke lesi sikhathi kwemijondolo kuzothatha indlu yomunye umuntu, futhi umnikazi knock obakhathalelayo. Futhi isikhathi eside umuntu wahlala endaweni ethile, kuba nzima ukumkhipha. Ngakho ake sithi, ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi nambili yokuhlala egumbini zokugcina iba yindawo yoMkhandlu umuntu, it is matasa, ngisho noma ngokungemthetho. Ngokuqondene kuxoshwa, uma umnikazi matasa izindlu olulodwa, ungenza ngaphandle inkantolo - amaphoyisa yibona abagunyazwe ukushayela kwemijondolo. Kodwa ngokuvamile kuba isinyathelo esiwujuqu ekujaheni.

Ubani eya emikhukhwini?

Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi emikhukhwini - izakhi ngokungafanele kakhulu (yezidakamizwa notshwala, abangenamakhaya). Lokhu Ukubuka iphutha. ukunyakaza I emikhukhwini 'ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokoqobo igcwele abameleli elite ukwenza izinhlangano zamasiko nezombusazwe: abaculi, ababhali, abaculi, abaqavile emphakathini, abezombusazwe, abasebenzelana Abavukeli nezinye abathanda intuthuko abaphila esisitholile asisebenzi ngempela e nezinhlaka zomphakathi. Nakuba Yiqiniso, iphesenti ethile yezakhamuzi asocial phakathi emikhukhwini iyatholakala.

typology ka emikhukhwini

Isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu ababevela eNetherlands Hans umbala kwaba emikhukhwini ngezigaba, uhlukanisa wabayisa emihlanu izinhlobo:

1. Ephoqelekile - abantu abaye balahlekelwa amakhaya abo futhi ngaleyo ndlela kungaphazamisi yomunye. Phakathi abameleli - isigaba sabasebenzi, abafuduki, ex-iziboshwa, abangenamakhaya, njll ...
2. emikhukhwini Political - kukhona izinhlangano ukuthi ezidla isikhala (ngokuvamile isimo noma kamasipala), izenzo zabo ozama ukuba adonsele ukunakekela umphakathi ukuba inkinga abanye.
3. Isu izindlu ezimele Media - izakhamuzi abakholelwa ukuthi izindlu akufanele lingabi nalutho, lapho abantu abaningi abawudingayo, futhi kufanele kube njalo isikhundla yembuso. Elifuna, ukwenza nokuzikhulula.
4. izakhiwo eziphathelene nenhlalo namasiko emikhukhwini bambambe ukuze udale kuzo amaphuzu (ngokomoya, ezenhlalo, amasiko).
5. Conservation emikhukhwini ashaqe isakhiwo ngenhloso ekuvimbeleni ukubhidliza izakhiwo zalo.

Ukulwisana emikhukhwini futhi babasize

Ngaphezu zomthetho nezinye izinyathelo abazithathayo ekulweni emikhukhwini. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona izinkampani ekhethekile unake isakhiwo ezingenalutho, futhi ubani abanike ukuze iqashwe ngentengo ephansi. Phakathi yemfanelo eyinhloko izinkampani ezinjalo - ukuvikela umuzi noma ifulethi kusukela Ukungena emikhukhwini.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, zikhona izinhlangano ezisiza ukuba lakamuva. Omunye wabo waze ngisho olukhishwe "Pocket Guide kwemijondolo", okungazange ulandisa indlela ukuthola ikamelo futhi ngiyothatha kubo.

Ingabe kukhona emikhukhwini eRussia

Nokuzikhulula njengoba enzeka ukuvela futhi izwe elaliyiSoviet Union ngaphambili. Amacala kuqala isiwombe izakhiwo esenzeka eminyakeni yokwakha kabusha, lapho ukulawula isimo phezu yonke imikhakha yempilo buthaka, ezinhlakeni zomphakathi waqala ukuwa, futhi izakhiwo eziningi abangu eziyizintandane. Lapha ezakhiweni okungezona zokuhlala futhi bakwazi ukungena intsha eziphambili, ukufunda yangaphambili (ngokuvamile agugile) izindlu isiko, Spas, iminyuziyamu, imitapo yolwazi, izinkulisa kanye nokunye. E., Ukulinganisa kubo ngaphansi studios abaculi 'noma ukuphinda amakamelo bands. Kodwa zezombusazwe futhi ziphoqelelwe nokuzikhulula eRussia kanye CIS amazwe akuyona ikakhulukazi ubanjwe on.

I ezimfushane edume kakhulu kubhekwa "Wezingane Garden" eMoscow futhi Centre of Petliura, futhi Petersburg squats at Pushkin, 10, kanye Vladimirsky Prospekt.

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke squats emhlabeni

Nakuba kunenkolelo okwazalelwa kuyo nokuzikhulula - United Kingdom, kodwa wawanika okungaphezu kwalokho ilinganiselwe, futhi abanye communes of "izizwe" ezahlukene ngisho baba edume.

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke emhlabeni wonke squats, isibonelo:

• Association of khulula abaculi "Tacheles" e Berlin, obabukhona kusukela ekuqaleni 90s kuze 2012.
• Ababaleki isigodi, bazinza bangaphambili okunethezeka ehhotela Grande Ihhotela e Mozambique. iminyango ezimfushane evulekile kusukela ngeminyaka yoma kuze kube namuhla wonke umuntu.
• Rivoli Paris - isakhiwo Bank ifakwe ngabaculi workshop futhi ihholo lombukiso.
• Can Masdeu Barcelona - igumbi, kanye esetshenziswa ikoloni onochoko esiyi-abalandeli ye indlela yokuphila enempilo, ukuphula ucezu emzaneni lapha edolobheni.

Njengoba ubona, nokuzikhulula - akuyona inkinga njalo lomkhuba omubi. Ezimweni eziningi, uma kungenjalo sokubheka 'Abahlaseli ", ezakhiweni ezishiywe dengwane yayiyobizwa iyobhujiswa kanye nezinhlaka ezigqugquzela ushintsho - ku nakhaya.