Embryology Clinical: lokho, ososayensi, embryologists

Clinical Embryology - legatsha isayensi abazinikele cwaningo wokukhula kwengane esiswini kusukela uqala ukwenziwa kuze lokuzalwa. Ulwazi kule ndawo liyadingeka zonke odokotela.

Embryology Okuphokophelwe kusenesikhathi kwezinso zofuzo neziyaluyalu e ingane esindayo, sokunquma isifo ezinganeni ngokushesha emva kokuzalwa. Kuze kube manje, odokotela lolwati etholakala kulo mkhakha ukunquma izimbangela ukungazali kanye uziqede, kanye sokuthuthukiswa izidakamizwa umuthi. Ekubhekaneni inkinga yokungabi nenzalo babe IVF ethandwa kakhulu, i-embryo ukufakelwa esibelethweni, kanye ukutshala amaqanda.

Umlando Embryology

Njengezinye izinhlobo zesayensi eziningi, Embryology emitholampilo umsuka ezikhathini zasendulo. Imisebenzi yesayensi Aristotle aqukethe izincazelo umbungu iphuphu. Ngesikhathi, futhi kungasetshenziswa noma iliphi iphuzu okunjalo umbono on ukuthuthukisa izinqubo, ezifana epigenesis futhi preformation.

UmDashi-Jan Swammerdam wafunda ukuthuthukiswa futhi baye bathi sebeshintshe ngokuphelele izinambuzane. compatriot yakhe Antoni Van Levenguk wathola parthenogenesis e aphid, ukutadisha isidoda womuntu. Italian Marcello Malpighi wafunda ukuthuthukiswa umbungu iphuphu, wafunda anatomy of izicubu kanye nezinhlaka izitshalo nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Kusukela umbono lososayensi, enqubeni lokuthuthukisa ekhiqizwa noma yini entsha, zonke izingxenye embryo ibizwa kakade kwakhiwa futhi basesimweni iqanda, kodwa awukwazi ukubona kubo ngenxa yobukhulu ezincane. Ngemva kwalokho kuphela ukukhula umbungu. Ososayensi preformationist kwakubonakala eziphilayo nokuguqulwa akunakwenzeka. Babekholelwa ukuthi fetus noma iqanda noma isidoda. Noma kunjalo, bengaqondi ukuthi izici zofuzo zidluliselwa ku inzalo ka omunye umzali.

Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-19 kwakukhona amaqiniso eziphikelelayo ngokuhlambalaza preformism. Ngaleso sikhathi, liyabonakala igxathu elithathwe babe anatomy eqhathanisa taxonomy. Eyodwa yezindlela eziyinhloko emkhakheni yamagciwane iba indlela yokuqhathanisa. Mayelana ukuthuthukiswa yalezi embriology ngokuqhathanisa kwakhiwa. Kuba nemiphumela emihle kakhulu kulo mkhakha zazitholakala Karlom Berom, ngubani kubhekwa umsunguli Embryology.

Ngokuphelele ukutadisha ukuthuthukiswa embryonic ka ngokuphelele zonke amakilasi yezilwane ezinomgogodla, ososayensi batholé ukuthi ngendlela efanele usaqala onke amagciwane afana, futhi umehluko ube phakathi ukuthuthukiswa okwalandela kuphela. Kungenzeka ukwakha umthetho ukufana sombungu.

Ukuthuthukiswa lo mkhuba okwenzeka ngemva kokuba ama ucwaningo zikaDarwin. A umnikelo ikakhulukazi ezinkulu kuya Embryology emitholampilo ososayensi Soviet I. I. Mechnikov futhi AO Kovalevsky.

sici Embryology

Clinical Embryology - isayensi study ukuthuthukiswa umbungu umzimba noma igobolondo amaqanda kamama. Inqubo wokukhula kwengane esiswini kusukela uqala ukwenziwa kuze lokuzalwa, zingahlukaniswa zibe izigaba eziningana:

• kumiswa zygote;
• kumiswa blastula ngemva iseli ngokwahlukana;
• iziphathimandla zemfundo;
• histogenesis futhi organogenesis kwezicubu kanye nezinhlaka kwi-fetus liyakhula futhi placenta;
• ukwakha izinhlelo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa Embryology phathelana eziyinkimbinkimbi, nezikhathi ezibucayi yentuthuko, okungase zibulale isimo umbungu bedle izici ezithile ezaziwayo.

Isihloko ekutadisheni Embryology

Embryology buye ukutadisha inqubo kumiswa umbungu. Ososayensi bathi ukuthuthukiswa umbungu senzeka ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• kusukela ngomzuzu wokukhulelwa amaviki angu-2 nezinga lokukhula kwengane;
• nesonto lesithathu, lapho umbungu phathelana fetus;
• Njengoba ukukhula kwezitho ezibalulekile ngaphambi kokuzalwa.

Ngesikhathi inqubo ye-IVF Embryology kubalulekile ngoba sibonga amathuba yesimanje wadala kwezimo ezifanele ukuqala nokukhulelwa evamile. Ngo isicelo idatha kwesayensi, ochwepheshe kuzosiza ukunquma kusengaphambili futhi kuvimbele kungenzeka okuvela kombungu. Ngenxa isayensi Embryology, ososayensi baye bathola nezikhathi eziyingozi kakhulu ekukhuleni kwengane:

• kokukhulelwa;
• umbungu selitshalwa odongeni lesizalo;
• ukwakha izicubu ezinkulu;
• imfundo ingqondo;
• ukukhula kwezitho futhi izinhlelo;
• inqubo lokuzalwa.

Kulezi nezikhathi, umphumela izici ezihlukahlukene negative kungabangela okwehlisa noma ukuthuthukiswa okungavamile ukufa fetus. Embryology Clinical iye ukutadisha izinkinga zokuhluka kusukela kuyinsakavukela, kanye mhlawumbe ngokubheka izindlela bababiza, ukuze ugweme ukuhlukumeza.

kanjani embryologists

Dr-embryologists ehilelekile ezindabeni kokukhulelwa, futhi ubonisa ukulawula inqubo ukuthuthukiswa umbungu sika, kuze esigabeni lokudluliselwa yayo kwesibeletho. Lapho IVF Embryology ichaza khona izinkinga, kanye mhlawumbe ngokubheka izindlela ukuzixazulula. Sesayensi yemibungu nokukhula kwayo lucwaningo eyinkimbinkimbi izinyathelo ukuze kuhlonzwe kanye nokwelashwa okwalandela imibhangqwana isetshenziswa esibhedlela nge inkinga yokungabi nenzalo.

Nge efanele udokotela ngamunye oshadile ophethe:

• insemination - ukwethulwa isidoda esibelethweni;
• kokuhlaziywa kwamathenda izinga isidoda kanye kokukhulelwa Imiphumela;
• culturing futhi kwezitho zemibungu phakathi komgodi lesizalo.

Doctor sesayensi yemibungu nokukhula kwayo kudala izimo ezikahle kakhulu kwavela impilo entsha, ekusizeni ukundlula izithiyo ukuvimbela kokukhulelwa vivo. A yi omuhle ibangelwa isicelo ubuchwepheshe besimanje.

Kwenzekani endaweni yokucwaninga Embryology

Ngo Embryology Centre udokotela is uqhuba Ukuhlola okwenziwa emibhangqwaneni engu ukucacisa izimbangela ukungabi nenzalo bese linqume ukwelashwa. Ngo-laboratory kukhona yisigaba esibaluleke kakhulu-IVF, njengoba zonke izimo ukuba balingise imvelo zomzimba womuntu, aphethwe ukuvundisa ukutshalwa imibungu.

Ngo Embryology, Centre ekuqaleni isebenza nge isiguli-udokotela uhlelo zokuzala, okuyinto ngosizo hormone kuvusa ukukhula amaqanda e ezikhiqiza amaqanda kukhona nabesifazane ababemkhalela, uqaphe ukukhula kwabo futhi silungiselela kwesibeletho ngoba umbungu iphinde itshalwe. Kusetshenziswa inaliti ova ekhethekile ukubuyiswa kusuka emzimbeni, okuyinto sekuthunyelwa kule-laboratory. Ngaphansi kwezimo zelabhorathri, ukuhlanzwa wenziwa amaqanda udonga lwangaphandle ukuze kuxazululeke indlela isidoda, futhi ibekwe endishini konemimoya ekhethekile izakhi.

Ngemva kokukhipha oocytes isidoda besilisa eletha ukuthi futhi ugijimela ukucutshungulwa ekhethekile. Ngenxa yalokho, iningi isidoda mobile akhethiwe. Khona-ke, esebenzayo isidoda amaseli ukuhambisa esitsheni iqanda, inqubo sokukhulelwa iqala kusukela leli phuzu. Ekupheleni kosuku, ayizidleke le zygote esikhundleni fresh. Doctor izinsuku 4-5 ukuqhuba ukubhekwa zemibungu, bese unika lift nabo umzimba wentombi.

Uyini umthetho olandelwayo embryological

Ulwazi mayelana kokukhulelwa olwenziwa, etholwe inqubo IVF, kutlolwe idokhumenti okhethekileyo, obizwa ngokuthi olandelwayo embryological. Iqukethe lonke ulwazi ezihlobene ukutshala nokukhula zemibungu.

18 amahora emva inqubo, udokotela kunikeza ulwazi kwangaphambilini ngenani amaqanda avundiswa. Idatha idokhumenti icacisa ukujiya eyisihlobo igobolondo kwakhiwa emhlabeni embryo yoke, kwehlukana kanye njalo iseli ilungiselelo.

izigaba ukuthuthukiswa umbungu

Inqubo fertilization eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi kusho Fusion amaseli besilisa lwegciwane zesifazane, phakathi okuyinto kwakheka amaqoqo yokutakula wama-chromosomes, futhi lapho iqanda elisha elivundisiwe. Kokukhulelwa kwenzeka amashubhu fallopian ngu Fusion isidoda kanye ova.

Isidumbu sowesifazane emva kokukhulelwa amahora 12 ekhiqizwa zygote. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva lapho is a division of the zygote, blastomeres ngalesosikhathi khiqiza ezimbili, enye yazo e namasayizi amakhulu futhi luhlaza amnyama. Ngenxa ingxenye enkudlwana kwakhiwa embryo yoke, yi-placenta, nezinye izicubu. Umbungu linamathele ulwelwesi lesizalo.

Njengoba ukuthuthukiswa umbungu kuyinto division kwalo okwalandela, kuphumele kancane fashion izitho ezinkulu izicubu ingane, okuyinto akhule eminyakeni yokuqala kwezinyanga ezingu-9.

ososayensi Famous embryologists

Njengoba sekunama-isayensi Embryology, ososayensi njalo ngcono nokuthuthukisa ke. Umsunguli we Embryology kubhekwe Baer, uKarl Maksimovich, ngubani kusukela ingane isencane babonisa isithakazelo zemvelo. Yasho izinhlobo ezinkulu ukuthuthukiswa embryonic ne yafakazela ukuthi ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo achazwayo ku isimiso esifanayo.

Omunye udokotela owaziwa, sesayensi yemibungu nokukhula kwayo kuba Garvey Uilyam, umsunguli zomzimba yesimanje kanye Embryology. Ezinkondlweni zakhe wachaza isimiso kwegazi ezinkulu nezincane.

ososayensi Russian sesayensi yemibungu nokukhula kwayo kuba Mechnikov Ilya Ilich - umsunguli we-microbiology ne kwezokugoma. Emibhalweni yakhe, wachaza umbono ukungatheleleki umsuka eziphilayo ezinamangqamuzana amaningi. Liphinde bekwi-Ukucwaninga ngokuguga.